pithy-core 0.0.2

//! Session-scoped symbol table -- patent claim 6.
//!
//! The encoder (`crate::encoder`) only knows the static substitution
//! table. Real conversations introduce many more recurring terms
//! (entity names, file paths, commit SHAs, function identifiers).
//! When the same multi-token term appears N+ times in a session, the
//! session table promotes it to a short alias and rewrites every
//! subsequent turn -- so savings compound across turns rather than
//! resetting each request.
//!
//! Decay-weighted utility: each occurrence decays the per-term score
//! by a half-life so stale terms eventually drop out and the alias
//! pool stays bounded. Promoted bindings are emitted as a single
//! prefix the proxy prepends to the next outbound prompt; any
//! receiver (model or tool) that has not seen the binding sees the
//! prefix and learns the alias once.
//!
//! v0.1 scope (this file):
//!   - Scoring: simple count + token-cost gain heuristic.
//!   - Promotion threshold: configurable; default 2 occurrences.
//!   - Pool cap: configurable; default 64 active bindings.
//!   - Substitution: longest-binding-first greedy, like encoder.rs.
//!   - Prefix format: one binding per line, `<alias>=<term>`.
//!
//! Out of v0.1 scope (tracked as session-followup):
//!   - Decay across calendar time (currently per-turn only).
//!   - Cross-tenant alias namespaces.
//!   - Cryptographic binding receipts (would live next to PQC
//!     signatures in `pithy-measure`).

use std::collections::HashMap;

use regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};

/// Tunable thresholds for promotion and pool size.
///
/// Defaults are chosen to compound at turn ~3 on a typical agent loop
/// while keeping the alias header small enough that one-shot turns
/// do not pay for it.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct SessionPolicy {
    /// Minimum number of observed occurrences before a term is
    /// eligible for promotion to an alias.
    pub min_occurrences: u32,
    /// Maximum number of active bindings simultaneously held by the
    /// session. When exceeded, the lowest-utility binding is evicted.
    pub max_active_bindings: usize,
    /// Per-turn multiplicative decay applied to every term's score.
    /// 1.0 disables decay; 0.0 forgets immediately. Default 0.85
    /// gives ~5-turn half-life.
    pub turn_decay: f32,
    /// Minimum token-length of a candidate term (in whitespace-split
    /// units). 2 prevents single common words from polluting the
    /// pool.
    pub min_term_words: usize,
}

impl Default for SessionPolicy {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            min_occurrences: 2,
            max_active_bindings: 64,
            turn_decay: 0.85,
            min_term_words: 2,
        }
    }
}

/// One alias binding promoted by the session.
///
/// Cloned cheaply because both fields are short.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Binding {
    /// Generated short alias, e.g. `s12`.
    pub alias: String,
    /// Original term being aliased.
    pub term: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct CandidateState {
    occurrences: u32,
    score: f32,
}

/// Multi-turn alias accumulator.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SessionSymbolTable {
    policy: SessionPolicy,
    /// Running observation state, keyed by lowercased term.
    candidates: HashMap<String, CandidateState>,
    /// Active alias bindings, in promotion order.
    bindings: Vec<Binding>,
    /// Monotonic counter so aliases are stable across the session.
    next_id: u32,
}

impl SessionSymbolTable {
    /// Build a table with explicit policy.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(policy: SessionPolicy) -> Self {
        Self {
            policy,
            candidates: HashMap::new(),
            bindings: Vec::new(),
            next_id: 0,
        }
    }

    /// Active bindings in promotion order.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn bindings(&self) -> &[Binding] {
        &self.bindings
    }

    /// Render the current binding pool as a one-binding-per-line
    /// prefix that the proxy prepends to the next outbound prompt.
    ///
    /// Empty when no bindings are active so single-turn calls do not
    /// pay any prefix cost.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn prefix(&self) -> String {
        if self.bindings.is_empty() {
            return String::new();
        }
        let mut out = String::with_capacity(self.bindings.len() * 24);
        for b in &self.bindings {
            out.push_str(&b.alias);
            out.push('=');
            out.push_str(&b.term);
            out.push('\n');
        }
        out
    }

    /// Observe one turn of input text. Updates per-term scores,
    /// promotes any candidate that crosses the threshold, and may
    /// evict the lowest-utility binding to keep the pool bounded.
    pub fn observe(&mut self, text: &str) {
        // Decay everything first so a single high-traffic term does
        // not dominate forever.
        for state in self.candidates.values_mut() {
            state.score *= self.policy.turn_decay;
        }
        for term in extract_candidate_terms(text, self.policy.min_term_words) {
            let key = term.to_ascii_lowercase();
            let state = self.candidates.entry(key.clone()).or_default();
            state.occurrences += 1;
            // Score: occurrence count, weighted by term length so
            // longer terms (worth more tokens) outrank short noise.
            let len_bonus = u32::try_from(term.split_whitespace().count()).unwrap_or(1) as f32;
            state.score += len_bonus;
            if state.occurrences >= self.policy.min_occurrences && !self.has_binding_for(&key) {
                self.promote(term, key.clone());
            }
        }
        self.enforce_cap();
    }

    /// Apply current bindings to `text` and return the alias-rewritten
    /// version. Substitution is greedy longest-binding-first, like the
    /// static encoder.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn rewrite(&self, text: &str) -> String {
        if self.bindings.is_empty() {
            return text.to_owned();
        }
        let mut sorted: Vec<&Binding> = self.bindings.iter().collect();
        sorted.sort_by_key(|b| std::cmp::Reverse(b.term.len()));
        let mut out = text.to_owned();
        for b in sorted {
            let pat = format!(r"\b{}\b", regex::escape(&b.term));
            if let Ok(re) = RegexBuilder::new(&pat).case_insensitive(true).build() {
                out = re.replace_all(&out, b.alias.as_str()).into_owned();
            }
        }
        out
    }

    /// Convenience: observe, then rewrite. Returns the rewritten text.
    /// `prefix()` is queried separately by the proxy so it can decide
    /// whether to emit it for this turn (every-turn vs first-turn-only
    /// is a proxy policy concern).
    pub fn observe_and_rewrite(&mut self, text: &str) -> String {
        self.observe(text);
        self.rewrite(text)
    }

    fn has_binding_for(&self, lowered_term: &str) -> bool {
        self.bindings
            .iter()
            .any(|b| b.term.eq_ignore_ascii_case(lowered_term))
    }

    fn promote(&mut self, term: String, _key_lower: String) {
        let alias = format!("s{}", self.next_id);
        self.next_id += 1;
        self.bindings.push(Binding { alias, term });
    }

    fn enforce_cap(&mut self) {
        if self.bindings.len() <= self.policy.max_active_bindings {
            return;
        }
        // Evict bindings whose scoring candidate has decayed below
        // the lowest active threshold. Simplest stable policy: drop
        // the oldest binding (FIFO). Real LFU would need a parallel
        // index; revisit when telemetry shows churn.
        let drop = self.bindings.len() - self.policy.max_active_bindings;
        self.bindings.drain(0..drop);
    }
}

impl Default for SessionSymbolTable {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new(SessionPolicy::default())
    }
}

/// Extract candidate multi-word terms from `text`.
///
/// v0.1 heuristic: any sequence of `min_words..=4` Capitalized or
/// CamelCase tokens, plus `path/like/strings`, plus quoted phrases.
/// We deliberately under-extract: false positives bloat the alias
/// pool, while false negatives only cost the static-encoder savings
/// floor (which we already get from `crate::encoder`).
const LEADING_ARTICLES: &[&str] = &["The", "A", "An", "This", "That", "These", "Those"];

fn strip_leading_article(s: &str) -> &str {
    let mut iter = s.splitn(2, char::is_whitespace);
    let first = iter.next().unwrap_or("");
    let rest = iter.next().unwrap_or("");
    if LEADING_ARTICLES.contains(&first) && !rest.is_empty() {
        rest
    } else {
        s
    }
}

fn extract_candidate_terms(text: &str, min_words: usize) -> Vec<String> {
    let mut out = Vec::new();
    // Capitalized 2-4 word phrases.
    let cap_phrase = Regex::new(r"\b([A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]{2,}(?:\s+[A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]{2,}){1,3})\b")
        .expect("cap-phrase pattern");
    for m in cap_phrase.find_iter(text) {
        let raw = m.as_str().trim();
        // Drop leading capitalized articles/determiners: "The X Y" -> "X Y".
        // Keeps the alias pool focused on entity names rather than
        // sentence starts.
        let s = strip_leading_article(raw);
        if s.split_whitespace().count() >= min_words {
            out.push(s.to_owned());
        }
    }
    // Slash-paths (file paths / module paths) of length >= 2 segments.
    let path_re = Regex::new(r"[A-Za-z0-9_\-\.]+(?:/[A-Za-z0-9_\-\.]+){1,}").expect("path pattern");
    for m in path_re.find_iter(text) {
        let s = m.as_str().trim_end_matches('.');
        // Path counts as a single multi-token candidate for the cost
        // model: the tokenizer typically turns each segment into 1-2
        // tokens, so an alias is a meaningful win.
        if min_words <= 1 || s.split('/').count() >= min_words {
            out.push(s.to_owned());
        }
    }
    out
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn first_observation_does_not_promote() {
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        t.observe("Authentication Module is the entry point.");
        // 1 occurrence < threshold 2.
        assert_eq!(t.bindings().len(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn second_observation_promotes_to_binding() {
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        t.observe("The Authentication Module starts.");
        t.observe("The Authentication Module fires the policy.");
        assert_eq!(t.bindings().len(), 1, "{:?}", t.bindings());
        assert_eq!(t.bindings()[0].term, "Authentication Module");
    }

    #[test]
    fn rewrite_replaces_all_occurrences() {
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        t.observe("Authentication Module v1.");
        t.observe("Authentication Module v2.");
        let out = t.rewrite("Authentication Module is fine.");
        assert!(out.contains("s0"));
        assert!(!out.contains("Authentication Module"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn prefix_emits_one_line_per_binding() {
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        t.observe("Policy Engine here.");
        t.observe("Policy Engine again.");
        t.observe("Session Store later.");
        t.observe("Session Store again.");
        let p = t.prefix();
        assert!(p.contains("=Policy Engine"), "prefix={p}");
        assert!(p.contains("=Session Store"), "prefix={p}");
        assert_eq!(p.lines().count(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn empty_session_emits_empty_prefix() {
        let t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        assert_eq!(t.prefix(), "");
    }

    #[test]
    fn pool_cap_is_enforced() {
        let policy = SessionPolicy {
            min_occurrences: 2,
            max_active_bindings: 2,
            turn_decay: 1.0,
            min_term_words: 2,
        };
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::new(policy);
        for term in ["Acme Service", "Beacon Service", "Cinder Service"] {
            t.observe(&format!("{term} first."));
            t.observe(&format!("{term} second."));
        }
        assert_eq!(t.bindings().len(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn paths_become_candidates() {
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        t.observe("look at src/encoder.rs");
        t.observe("now src/encoder.rs again");
        let out = t.rewrite("src/encoder.rs is the file");
        assert!(!out.contains("src/encoder.rs"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn longer_binding_wins_over_shorter() {
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        t.observe("Authentication Module Plus initial seed.");
        t.observe("Authentication Module Plus second seed.");
        t.observe("Authentication Module fires.");
        t.observe("Authentication Module fires again.");
        let out = t.rewrite("Authentication Module Plus is the longer one.");
        // The 3-word binding (s0) must win over the 2-word (s1) when both apply.
        assert!(out.contains("s0"), "{out}");
        assert!(!out.contains("Authentication Module Plus"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn observe_and_rewrite_returns_alias_substituted_text() {
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        t.observe_and_rewrite("Policy Engine boot.");
        let out = t.observe_and_rewrite("Policy Engine boot.");
        assert!(out.contains("s0"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn rewrite_unchanged_when_no_bindings() {
        let t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        let s = "nothing seen yet";
        assert_eq!(t.rewrite(s), s);
    }

    #[test]
    fn decay_keeps_state_bounded_under_repeated_observation() {
        // turn_decay=0.5, occurrences accumulate but decayed score
        // stays bounded. Sanity check: scores never explode.
        let policy = SessionPolicy {
            min_occurrences: 2,
            max_active_bindings: 4,
            turn_decay: 0.5,
            min_term_words: 2,
        };
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::new(policy);
        for _ in 0..50 {
            t.observe("Auth Module again.");
        }
        // Promotion happened (>=2 obs); pool stays bounded; no panic.
        assert_eq!(t.bindings().len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn long_session_compound_savings_simulation() {
        // Same canonical sentence recurs. Verify alias substitution
        // materially shortens later turns vs. the original prose.
        let mut t = SessionSymbolTable::default();
        let canonical = "Authentication Module forwards to Policy Engine \
                         for Validation Service against Session Store.";
        // Prime: 2 turns promote all multi-word terms.
        for _ in 0..2 {
            t.observe(canonical);
        }
        let rewritten = t.rewrite(canonical);
        assert!(
            rewritten.len() < canonical.len() * 3 / 4,
            "expected >25% length reduction, got {} -> {}",
            canonical.len(),
            rewritten.len()
        );
    }
}