pgx 0.7.4

pgx: A Rust framework for creating Postgres extensions
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
/*
Portions Copyright 2019-2021 ZomboDB, LLC.
Portions Copyright 2021-2022 Technology Concepts & Design, Inc. <support@tcdi.com>

All rights reserved.

Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/

//! Safely create Postgres Background Workers, including with full SPI support
//!
//! See: [https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/bgworker.html](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/bgworker.html)
use crate::pg_sys;
use pgx_pg_sys::PgTryBuilder;
use std::convert::TryInto;
use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
use std::os::raw::c_char;
use std::ptr::null_mut;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
use std::time::Duration;

pub static mut PREV_SHMEM_STARTUP_HOOK: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn()> = None;
static GOT_SIGHUP: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
static GOT_SIGTERM: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);

bitflags! {
    struct BGWflags: i32 {
        const BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS                = pg_sys::BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS as i32;
        const BGWORKER_BACKEND_DATABASE_CONNECTION = pg_sys::BGWORKER_BACKEND_DATABASE_CONNECTION as i32;
    }
}

bitflags! {
    /// Flags to indicate when a BackgroundWorker should be awaken
    pub struct SignalWakeFlags: i32 {
        const SIGHUP = 0x1;
        const SIGTERM = 0x2;
    }
}

bitflags! {
    struct WLflags: i32 {
        const WL_LATCH_SET         = pg_sys::WL_LATCH_SET as i32;
        const WL_SOCKET_READABLE   = pg_sys::WL_SOCKET_READABLE as i32;
        const WL_SOCKET_WRITEABLE  = pg_sys::WL_SOCKET_WRITEABLE as i32;
        const WL_TIMEOUT           = pg_sys::WL_TIMEOUT as i32;
        const WL_POSTMASTER_DEATH  = pg_sys::WL_POSTMASTER_DEATH as i32;
        const WL_SOCKET_CONNECTED  = pg_sys::WL_SOCKET_WRITEABLE as i32;
        const WL_SOCKET_MASK       = (pg_sys::WL_SOCKET_READABLE | pg_sys::WL_SOCKET_WRITEABLE | pg_sys::WL_SOCKET_CONNECTED) as i32;
        #[cfg(any(feature = "pg12"))]
        const WL_EXIT_ON_PM_DEATH  = pg_sys::WL_EXIT_ON_PM_DEATH  as i32;

    }
}

/// The various points in which a BackgroundWorker can be started by Postgres
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub enum BgWorkerStartTime {
    PostmasterStart = pg_sys::BgWorkerStartTime_BgWorkerStart_PostmasterStart as isize,
    ConsistentState = pg_sys::BgWorkerStartTime_BgWorkerStart_ConsistentState as isize,
    RecoveryFinished = pg_sys::BgWorkerStartTime_BgWorkerStart_RecoveryFinished as isize,
}

/// Static interface into a running Background Worker
///
/// It also provides a few helper functions as wrappers around the global `pgx::pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry`
pub struct BackgroundWorker {}

impl BackgroundWorker {
    /// What is our name?
    pub fn get_name() -> &'static str {
        #[cfg(any(
            feature = "pg11",
            feature = "pg12",
            feature = "pg13",
            feature = "pg14",
            feature = "pg15"
        ))]
        const LEN: usize = 96;

        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
            CStr::from_ptr(std::mem::transmute::<&[c_char; LEN], *const c_char>(
                &(*pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry).bgw_name,
            ))
        }
        .to_str()
        .expect("should not have non UTF8")
    }

    /// Retrieve the `extra` data provided to the `BackgroundWorkerBuilder`
    pub fn get_extra() -> &'static str {
        const LEN: usize = 128;

        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
            CStr::from_ptr(std::mem::transmute::<&[c_char; LEN], *const c_char>(
                &(*pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry).bgw_extra,
            ))
        }
        .to_str()
        .expect("'extra' is not valid UTF8")
    }

    /// Have we received a SIGUP?
    pub fn sighup_received() -> bool {
        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
        }
        // toggle the bool to false, returning whatever it was
        GOT_SIGHUP.swap(false, Ordering::SeqCst)
    }

    /// Have we received a SIGTERM?
    pub fn sigterm_received() -> bool {
        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
        }
        // toggle the bool to false, returning whatever it was
        GOT_SIGTERM.swap(false, Ordering::SeqCst)
    }

    /// Wait for the specified amount of time on the background worker's latch
    ///
    /// Returns true if we're still supposed to be alive and haven't received a SIGTERM
    pub fn wait_latch(timeout: Option<Duration>) -> bool {
        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
        }
        match timeout {
            Some(t) => wait_latch(
                t.as_millis().try_into().unwrap(),
                WLflags::WL_LATCH_SET | WLflags::WL_TIMEOUT | WLflags::WL_POSTMASTER_DEATH,
            ),
            None => wait_latch(0, WLflags::WL_LATCH_SET | WLflags::WL_POSTMASTER_DEATH),
        };
        !BackgroundWorker::sigterm_received()
    }

    /// Is this `BackgroundWorker` allowed to continue?
    pub fn worker_continue() -> bool {
        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
        }
        pg_sys::WL_POSTMASTER_DEATH as i32 != 0
    }

    /// Intended to be called once to indicate the database and user to use to
    /// connect to via SPI
    pub fn connect_worker_to_spi(dbname: Option<&str>, username: Option<&str>) {
        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
        }
        let db = dbname.and_then(|rs| CString::new(rs).ok());
        let db: *const c_char = db.as_ref().map_or(std::ptr::null(), |i| i.as_ptr());

        let user = username.and_then(|rs| CString::new(rs).ok());
        let user: *const c_char = user.as_ref().map_or(std::ptr::null(), |i| i.as_ptr());

        unsafe {
            #[cfg(any(
                feature = "pg11",
                feature = "pg12",
                feature = "pg13",
                feature = "pg14",
                feature = "pg15"
            ))]
            pg_sys::BackgroundWorkerInitializeConnection(db, user, 0);
        };
    }

    /// Indicate the set of signal handlers we want to receive.
    ///
    /// You likely always want to do this:
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use pgx::prelude::*;
    /// use pgx::bgworkers::{BackgroundWorker, SignalWakeFlags};
    /// BackgroundWorker::attach_signal_handlers(SignalWakeFlags::SIGHUP | SignalWakeFlags::SIGTERM);
    /// ```
    pub fn attach_signal_handlers(wake: SignalWakeFlags) {
        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
            if wake.contains(SignalWakeFlags::SIGHUP) {
                pg_sys::pqsignal(pg_sys::SIGHUP as i32, Some(worker_spi_sighup));
            }
            if wake.contains(SignalWakeFlags::SIGTERM) {
                pg_sys::pqsignal(pg_sys::SIGTERM as i32, Some(worker_spi_sigterm));
            }
            pg_sys::BackgroundWorkerUnblockSignals();
        }
    }

    /// Once connected to SPI via `connect_worker_to_spi()`, begin a transaction to
    /// use the `pgx::Spi` interface. Returns the return value of the `F` function.
    pub fn transaction<F: FnOnce() -> R + std::panic::UnwindSafe + std::panic::RefUnwindSafe, R>(
        transaction_body: F,
    ) -> R {
        unsafe {
            assert!(!pg_sys::MyBgworkerEntry.is_null(), "BackgroundWorker associated functions can only be called from a registered background worker");
            pg_sys::SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();
            pg_sys::StartTransactionCommand();
            pg_sys::PushActiveSnapshot(pg_sys::GetTransactionSnapshot());
        }
        unsafe {
            let result = PgTryBuilder::new(transaction_body).execute();
            pg_sys::PopActiveSnapshot();
            pg_sys::CommitTransactionCommand();
            result
        }
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn worker_spi_sighup(_signal_args: i32) {
    GOT_SIGHUP.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
    pg_sys::ProcessConfigFile(pg_sys::GucContext_PGC_SIGHUP);
    pg_sys::SetLatch(pg_sys::MyLatch);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn worker_spi_sigterm(_signal_args: i32) {
    GOT_SIGTERM.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
    pg_sys::SetLatch(pg_sys::MyLatch);
}

/// Dynamic background worker handle
pub struct DynamicBackgroundWorker {
    handle: *mut pg_sys::BackgroundWorkerHandle,
    notify_pid: pg_sys::pid_t,
}

/// PID
pub type Pid = pg_sys::pid_t;

/// Dynamic background worker status
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum BackgroundWorkerStatus {
    Started,
    NotYetStarted,
    Stopped,
    PostmasterDied,
    /// `BackgroundWorkerBuilder.bgw_notify_pid` was not set to `pg_sys::MyProcPid`
    ///
    /// This makes worker's startup or shutdown untrackable by the current process.
    Untracked {
        /// `bgw_notify_pid` as specified in the builder
        notify_pid: pg_sys::pid_t,
    },
}

impl From<pg_sys::BgwHandleStatus> for BackgroundWorkerStatus {
    fn from(s: pg_sys::BgwHandleStatus) -> Self {
        match s {
            pg_sys::BgwHandleStatus_BGWH_STARTED => BackgroundWorkerStatus::Started,
            pg_sys::BgwHandleStatus_BGWH_NOT_YET_STARTED => BackgroundWorkerStatus::NotYetStarted,
            pg_sys::BgwHandleStatus_BGWH_STOPPED => BackgroundWorkerStatus::Stopped,
            pg_sys::BgwHandleStatus_BGWH_POSTMASTER_DIED => BackgroundWorkerStatus::PostmasterDied,
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }
}

impl DynamicBackgroundWorker {
    /// Return dynamic background worker's PID if the worker is successfully registered,
    /// otherwise it return worker's status as an error.
    pub fn pid(&self) -> Result<Pid, BackgroundWorkerStatus> {
        let mut pid: pg_sys::pid_t = 0;
        let status: BackgroundWorkerStatus =
            unsafe { pg_sys::GetBackgroundWorkerPid(self.handle, &mut pid) }.into();
        match status {
            BackgroundWorkerStatus::Started => Ok(pid),
            _ => Err(status),
        }
    }

    /// Causes the postmaster to send SIGTERM to the worker if it is running,
    /// and to unregister it as soon as it is not.
    pub fn terminate(self) -> TerminatingDynamicBackgroundWorker {
        unsafe {
            pg_sys::TerminateBackgroundWorker(self.handle);
        }
        TerminatingDynamicBackgroundWorker { handle: self.handle, notify_pid: self.notify_pid }
    }

    /// Block until the postmaster has attempted to start the background worker,
    /// or until the postmaster dies. If the background worker is running, the successful return value
    /// will be the worker's PID. Otherwise, the return value will be an error with the worker's status.
    ///
    /// Requires `BackgroundWorkerBuilder.bgw_notify_pid` to be set to `pg_sys::MyProcPid`, otherwise it'll
    /// return [`BackgroundWorkerStatus::Untracked`] error
    pub fn wait_for_startup(&self) -> Result<Pid, BackgroundWorkerStatus> {
        unsafe {
            if self.notify_pid != pg_sys::MyProcPid {
                return Err(BackgroundWorkerStatus::Untracked { notify_pid: self.notify_pid });
            }
        }
        let mut pid: pg_sys::pid_t = 0;
        let status: BackgroundWorkerStatus =
            unsafe { pg_sys::WaitForBackgroundWorkerStartup(self.handle, &mut pid) }.into();
        match status {
            BackgroundWorkerStatus::Started => Ok(pid),
            _ => Err(status),
        }
    }

    /// Block until the background worker exits, or postmaster dies. When the background worker exits, the return value is unit,
    /// if postmaster dies it will return error with `BackgroundWorkerStatus::PostmasterDied` status
    ///
    /// Requires `BackgroundWorkerBuilder.bgw_notify_pid` to be set to `pg_sys::MyProcPid`, otherwise it'll
    /// return [`BackgroundWorkerStatus::Untracked`] error
    pub fn wait_for_shutdown(self) -> Result<(), BackgroundWorkerStatus> {
        TerminatingDynamicBackgroundWorker { handle: self.handle, notify_pid: self.notify_pid }
            .wait_for_shutdown()
    }
}

/// Handle of a dynamic background worker that is being terminated with
/// [`DynamicBackgroundWorker::terminate`]. Only allows waiting for shutdown.
pub struct TerminatingDynamicBackgroundWorker {
    handle: *mut pg_sys::BackgroundWorkerHandle,
    notify_pid: pg_sys::pid_t,
}

impl TerminatingDynamicBackgroundWorker {
    /// Block until the background worker exits, or postmaster dies. When the background worker exits, the return value is unit,
    /// if postmaster dies it will return error with `BackgroundWorkerStatus::PostmasterDied` status
    ///
    /// Requires `BackgroundWorkerBuilder.bgw_notify_pid` to be set to `pg_sys::MyProcPid`, otherwise it'll
    /// return [`BackgroundWorkerStatus::Untracked`] error
    pub fn wait_for_shutdown(self) -> Result<(), BackgroundWorkerStatus> {
        unsafe {
            if self.notify_pid != pg_sys::MyProcPid {
                return Err(BackgroundWorkerStatus::Untracked { notify_pid: self.notify_pid });
            }
        }
        let status: BackgroundWorkerStatus =
            unsafe { pg_sys::WaitForBackgroundWorkerShutdown(self.handle) }.into();
        match status {
            BackgroundWorkerStatus::Stopped => Ok(()),
            _ => Err(status),
        }
    }
}

/// A builder-style interface for creating a new Background Worker
///
/// For a static background worker, this must be used from within your extension's `_PG_init()` function,
/// finishing with the `.load()` function. Dynamic background workers are loaded with `.load_dynamic()` and
/// have no restriction as to where they can be loaded.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use pgx::prelude::*;
/// use pgx::bgworkers::BackgroundWorkerBuilder;
///
/// #[pg_guard]
/// pub extern "C" fn _PG_init() {
///     BackgroundWorkerBuilder::new("My Example BGWorker")
///         .set_function("background_worker_main")
///         .set_library("example")
///         .enable_spi_access()
///         .load();
/// }
///
/// #[pg_guard]
/// pub extern "C" fn background_worker_main(_arg: pg_sys::Datum) {
///     // do bgworker stuff here
/// }
/// ```
pub struct BackgroundWorkerBuilder {
    bgw_name: String,
    bgw_type: String,
    bgw_flags: BGWflags,
    bgw_start_time: BgWorkerStartTime,
    bgw_restart_time: Option<Duration>,
    bgw_library_name: String,
    bgw_function_name: String,
    bgw_main_arg: pg_sys::Datum,
    bgw_extra: String,
    bgw_notify_pid: pg_sys::pid_t,
    shared_memory_startup_fn: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn()>,
}

impl BackgroundWorkerBuilder {
    /// Construct a new BackgroundWorker of the specified name
    ///
    /// By default, its `type` is also set to the specified name
    /// and it is configured to
    ///     - start at `BgWorkerStartTime::PostmasterStart`.
    ///     - never restart in the event it crashes
    pub fn new(name: &str) -> BackgroundWorkerBuilder {
        BackgroundWorkerBuilder {
            bgw_name: name.to_string(),
            bgw_type: name.to_string(),
            bgw_flags: BGWflags::empty(),
            bgw_start_time: BgWorkerStartTime::PostmasterStart,
            bgw_restart_time: None,
            bgw_library_name: name.to_string(),
            bgw_function_name: name.to_string(),
            bgw_main_arg: pg_sys::Datum::from(0),
            bgw_extra: "".to_string(),
            bgw_notify_pid: 0,
            shared_memory_startup_fn: None,
        }
    }

    /// What is the type of this BackgroundWorker
    pub fn set_type(mut self: Self, input: &str) -> Self {
        self.bgw_type = input.to_string();
        self
    }

    /// Does this BackgroundWorker want Shared Memory access?
    ///
    /// `startup` allows specifying shared memory initialization startup hook. Ignored
    /// if [`BackgroundWorkerBuilder::load_dynamic`] is used.
    pub fn enable_shmem_access(mut self: Self, startup: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn()>) -> Self {
        self.bgw_flags = self.bgw_flags | BGWflags::BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS;
        self.shared_memory_startup_fn = startup;
        self
    }

    /// Does this BackgroundWorker intend to use SPI?
    ///
    /// If set, then the configured start time becomes `BgWorkerStartTIme::RecoveryFinished`
    /// as accessing SPI prior to possible database recovery is not possible
    pub fn enable_spi_access(mut self: Self) -> Self {
        self.bgw_flags = self.bgw_flags
            | BGWflags::BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS
            | BGWflags::BGWORKER_BACKEND_DATABASE_CONNECTION;
        self.bgw_start_time = BgWorkerStartTime::RecoveryFinished;
        self
    }

    /// When should this BackgroundWorker be started by Postgres?
    pub fn set_start_time(mut self: Self, input: BgWorkerStartTime) -> Self {
        self.bgw_start_time = input;
        self
    }

    /// the interval, in seconds, that postgres should wait before restarting the process,
    /// in case it crashes. It can be `Some(any positive duration value), or
    /// `None`, indicating not to restart the process in case of a crash.
    pub fn set_restart_time(mut self: Self, input: Option<Duration>) -> Self {
        self.bgw_restart_time = input;
        self
    }

    /// What is the library name that contains the "main" function?
    ///
    /// Typically, this will just be your extension's name
    pub fn set_library(mut self: Self, input: &str) -> Self {
        self.bgw_library_name = input.to_string();
        self
    }

    /// What is the "main" function that should be run when the BackgroundWorker
    /// process is started?
    ///
    /// The specified function **must** be:
    ///     - `extern "C"`,
    ///     - guarded with `#[pg_guard]`,
    ///     - take 1 argument of type `pgx::pg_sys::Datum`, and
    ///     - return "void"
    ///
    /// ## Example
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use pgx::prelude::*;
    ///
    /// #[pg_guard]
    /// pub extern "C" fn background_worker_main(_arg: pg_sys::Datum) {
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn set_function(mut self: Self, input: &str) -> Self {
        self.bgw_function_name = input.to_string();
        self
    }

    /// Datum argument to the background worker main function. This main function should
    /// take a single argument of type Datum and return void. bgw_main_arg will be passed
    /// as the argument. In addition, the global variable MyBgworkerEntry points to a copy
    /// of the BackgroundWorker structure passed at registration time; the worker may find
    /// it helpful to examine this structure.
    ///
    /// On Windows (and anywhere else where EXEC_BACKEND is defined) or in dynamic
    /// background workers it is not safe to pass a Datum by reference, only by value.
    /// If an argument is required, it is safest to pass an int32 or other small value and
    /// use that as an index into an array allocated in shared memory.
    ///
    /// ## Important
    /// If a value like a cstring or text is passed then the pointer won't be valid from
    /// the new background worker process.
    ///
    /// In general, this means that you should stick to primitive Rust types such as `i32`,
    /// `bool`, etc.
    ///
    /// You you use `pgx`'s `IntoDatum` trait to make the conversion into a datum easy:
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use pgx::prelude::*;
    /// use pgx::bgworkers::BackgroundWorkerBuilder;
    ///
    /// BackgroundWorkerBuilder::new("Example")
    ///     .set_function("background_worker_main")
    ///     .set_library("example")
    ///     .set_argument(42i32.into_datum())
    ///     .load();
    /// ```
    pub fn set_argument(mut self: Self, input: Option<pg_sys::Datum>) -> Self {
        self.bgw_main_arg = pg_sys::Datum::from(input.unwrap_or(0.into()));
        self
    }

    /// extra data to be passed to the background worker. Unlike bgw_main_arg, this
    /// data is not passed as an argument to the worker's main function, but it can be
    /// accessed via the `BackgroundWorker` struct.
    pub fn set_extra(mut self: Self, input: &str) -> Self {
        self.bgw_extra = input.to_string();
        self
    }

    /// PID of a PostgreSQL backend process to which the postmaster should send SIGUSR1
    /// when the process is started or exits. It should be 0 for workers registered at
    /// postmaster startup time, or when the backend registering the worker does not wish
    /// to wait for the worker to start up. Otherwise, it should be initialized to
    /// `pgx::pg_sys::MyProcPid`
    pub fn set_notify_pid(mut self: Self, input: i32) -> Self {
        self.bgw_notify_pid = input;
        self
    }

    /// Once properly configured, call `load()` to get the BackgroundWorker registered and
    /// started at the proper time by Postgres.
    pub fn load(self: Self) {
        let mut bgw: pg_sys::BackgroundWorker = (&self).into();

        unsafe {
            pg_sys::RegisterBackgroundWorker(&mut bgw);
            if self.bgw_flags.contains(BGWflags::BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS)
                && self.shared_memory_startup_fn.is_some()
            {
                PREV_SHMEM_STARTUP_HOOK = pg_sys::shmem_startup_hook;
                pg_sys::shmem_startup_hook = self.shared_memory_startup_fn;
            }
        };
    }

    /// Once properly configured, call `load_dynamic()` to get the BackgroundWorker registered and started dynamically.
    pub fn load_dynamic(self: Self) -> DynamicBackgroundWorker {
        let mut bgw: pg_sys::BackgroundWorker = (&self).into();
        let mut handle: *mut pg_sys::BackgroundWorkerHandle = null_mut();

        unsafe {
            pg_sys::RegisterDynamicBackgroundWorker(&mut bgw, &mut handle);
        };

        DynamicBackgroundWorker { handle, notify_pid: bgw.bgw_notify_pid }
    }
}

/// This conversion is useful only in limited context outside of pgx, such as when this structure is required
/// by other libraries and the worker is not to be started by pgx itself. In this case,
/// the builder is useful for building this structure.
impl<'a> Into<pg_sys::BackgroundWorker> for &'a BackgroundWorkerBuilder {
    fn into(self) -> pg_sys::BackgroundWorker {
        #[cfg(any(
            feature = "pg11",
            feature = "pg12",
            feature = "pg13",
            feature = "pg14",
            feature = "pg15"
        ))]
        let bgw = pg_sys::BackgroundWorker {
            bgw_name: RpgffiChar::from(&self.bgw_name[..]).0,
            bgw_type: RpgffiChar::from(&self.bgw_type[..]).0,
            bgw_flags: self.bgw_flags.bits(),
            bgw_start_time: self.bgw_start_time as u32,
            bgw_restart_time: match self.bgw_restart_time {
                None => -1,
                Some(d) => d.as_secs() as i32,
            },
            bgw_library_name: RpgffiChar::from(&self.bgw_library_name[..]).0,
            bgw_function_name: RpgffiChar::from(&self.bgw_function_name[..]).0,
            bgw_main_arg: self.bgw_main_arg,
            bgw_extra: RpgffiChar128::from(&self.bgw_extra[..]).0,
            bgw_notify_pid: self.bgw_notify_pid,
        };

        bgw
    }
}

fn wait_latch(timeout: libc::c_long, wakeup_flags: WLflags) -> i32 {
    unsafe {
        let latch = pg_sys::WaitLatch(
            pg_sys::MyLatch,
            wakeup_flags.bits(),
            timeout,
            pg_sys::PG_WAIT_EXTENSION,
        );
        pg_sys::ResetLatch(pg_sys::MyLatch);
        pg_sys::check_for_interrupts!();

        latch
    }
}

#[cfg(any(
    feature = "pg11",
    feature = "pg12",
    feature = "pg13",
    feature = "pg14",
    feature = "pg15"
))]
type RpgffiChar = RpgffiChar96;

struct RpgffiChar64([c_char; 64]);

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for RpgffiChar64 {
    fn from(string: &str) -> Self {
        let mut r = [0; 64];
        for (dest, src) in r.iter_mut().zip(string.as_bytes()) {
            *dest = *src as c_char;
        }
        RpgffiChar64(r)
    }
}

struct RpgffiChar96([c_char; 96]);

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for RpgffiChar96 {
    fn from(string: &str) -> Self {
        let mut r = [0; 96];
        for (dest, src) in r.iter_mut().zip(string.as_bytes()) {
            *dest = *src as c_char;
        }
        RpgffiChar96(r)
    }
}

struct RpgffiChar128([c_char; 128]);

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for RpgffiChar128 {
    fn from(string: &str) -> Self {
        let mut r = [0; 128];
        for (dest, src) in r.iter_mut().zip(string.as_bytes()) {
            *dest = *src as c_char;
        }
        RpgffiChar128(r)
    }
}