pbni-rs 0.1.2

//! # pbni-rs
//! [![github](https://img.shields.io/badge/github-8da0cb?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=555555&logo=github)](https://github.com/gaoqiangz/pbni-rs)
//! [![crates.io](https://meritbadge.herokuapp.com/pbni-rs)](https://crates.io/crates/pbni-rs)
//! [![docs.rs](https://docs.rs/pbni-rs/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/pbni-rs)
//! ![BSD-2-Clause licensed](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/pbni-rs.svg)
//!
//! pbni-rs是[`PBNI`]的Rust绑定,使开发者可以使用Rust语言进行PowerBuilder扩展开发.<br>
//! **[注意]** pbni-rs只支持PowerBuilder 10及以上版本.
//!
//! # Feature flags
//!
//! | Flag              | Description                                              | Default    |
//! |-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|------------|
//! | `global_function` | 全局函数导出                                              | `enabled`  |
//! | `nonvisualobject` | 不可视对象导出                                            | `enabled`  |
//! | `visualobject`    | 可视对象导出                                              | `enabled`  |
//! | `decimal`         | 日期类型处理,将引入[`rust_decimal`]库                      | `enabled`  |
//! | `datetime`        | 日期类型处理,将引入[`chrono`]库                            | `enabled`  |
//! | `vm`              | 加载虚拟机以及创建[`Session`]等功能,将引入[`libloading`]库  | `disabled`  |
//!
//! [`rust_decimal`]: https://crates.io/crates/rust_decimal
//! [`chrono`]: https://crates.io/crates/chrono
//! [`libloading`]: https://crates.io/crates/libloading
//!
//! # 什么是PBNI?
//!
//! [`PBNI`]是PowerBuilder虚拟机的C++扩展接口(PowerBuilder Native Interface).
//!
//! ![Figure]
//!
//! 通过[`PBNI`]接口我们可以使用底层语言与PBVM进行集成交互,极大的扩展了PowerBuilder的能力.
//!
//! 其他托管语言类似的技术有[`JNI`],[`C++/CLI`]等.
//!
//! [`PBNI`]: https://docs.appeon.com/pb2019/native_interface_programmers_guide_and_reference/ch01s01.html
//! [`JNI`]: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/jni/spec/intro.html
//! [`C++/CLI`]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/dotnet/native-and-dotnet-interoperability?view=msvc-160
//! [Figure]: http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/topic/com.sybase.infocenter.dc37794.1250/html/pbnigref/pbni03.gif
//!
//! # 开始使用
//!
//! 添加`pbni-rs`到`Cargo.toml`即可使用:
//!
//! ```toml
//! [lib]
//! crate-type = ["cdylib"]
//!
//! [dependencies]
//! pbni-rs = "0.1.0"
//! ```
//!
//! # 数据类型映射
//!
//! |PowerBuilder|Rust|
//! |---|---|
//! |`int`|`pbint`,`i16`|
//! |`uint`|`pbuint`,`u16`|
//! |`long`|`pblong`,`i32`|
//! |`ulong`|`pbulong`,`u32`|
//! |`longlong`|`pblonglong`,`i64`|
//! |`real`|`pbreal`,`f32`|
//! |`double`|`pbdouble`,`f64`|
//! |`decimal`|[`Decimal`] (需要开启`decimal`特性)|
//! |`byte`|`pbbyte`,`u8`|
//! |`boolean`|`bool`|
//! |`char`|`PBChar`|
//! |`string`|`&PBStr`,`PBString`,`String`|
//! |`blob`|`&[u8]`,`Vec<u8>`|
//! |`date`|[`NaiveDate`] (需要开启`datetime`特性)|
//! |`time`|[`NaiveTime`] (需要开启`datetime`特性)|
//! |`datetime`|[`NaiveDateTime`] (需要开启`datetime`特性)|
//! |`any`|`Value`|
//! |任意对象|`Object`|
//! |任意数组|`Array`|
//!
//! > PowerBuilder的所有类型都是Nullable的,Rust里使用`Option<T>`表示.<br>
//!
//! # 字符串
//!
//! PowerBuilder字符编码是[UTF-16LE],而Rust字符串编码采用的是[UTF-8]编码,这使得字符串操作时可能会有一点的性能损失.如果对性能有较高要求,请使用`&PBStr`进行交互,避免发生内存拷贝和编码转换.
//!
//! pbni-rs提供了[`pbstr!`]宏在编译时生成`&'static PBStr`:
//!
//! ```rust
//! let rstr: &'static str = "hell world!";
//! let pstr: &'static PBStr = pbstr!("hell world!");
//! ```
//!
//! > pbni-rs使用[`widestring`]进行UTF-16编码转换.
//!
//! [UTF-16LE]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
//! [UTF-8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
//! [`widestring`]: https://crates.io/crates/widestring
//!
//! # 内存安全
//!
//! pbni-rs的Safe代码提供100%类型和内存安全保证,对于无法提供100%的内存安全保证的接口都使用了`unsafe`标记.最常见的就是获取引用,比如`&PBStr`.
//!
//! ```rust
//! impl<'obj> Object<'obj> {
//!     pub unsafe fn get_var_str(&self, fid: impl VarId) -> Option<&'obj PBStr> { ... }
//!     pub fn get_var_string(&self, fid: impl VarId) -> Option<PBString> { ... }
//!     pub fn set_var_str(&mut self, fid: impl VarId, value: impl AsPBStr) -> Result<()> { ... }
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! 可以看到`Object`的`get_var_str`是`unsafe`方法,而`get_var_string`则是Safe的,这是因为像`set_var_str`这样的方法可能会修改`get_var_str`返回引用的内存,导致垂悬引用([Dangling Reference]).<br>
//! pbni-rs无法避免这种情况,因为对象的内部状态不完全由Rust维护,有很多途径会导致内存被修改,所以pbni-rs中所有返回引用的方法都将是[Unsafe]的,需要开发者自己保证对其正确使用.
//!
//! [Unsafe]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html
//! [Dangling Reference]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html#dangling-references
//!
//! # 线程安全
//!
//! `Session`及其所有分配的资源都不能跨线程访问(包括`Object`/`Array`),因此它们都不是`Send`和`Sync`的,跨线程访问建议结合消息队列实现.
//!
//! # 代码生成
//!
//! pbni-rs可以非常方便将Rust对象或函数与PowerBuilder建立映射,全部由pbni-rs生成代码,省去手写繁琐的样板代码的同时保证了类型安全.
//!
//! #### 映射PowerBuilder全局函数
//!
//! - PowerBuilder
//!
//! ```vbscript
//! global type gf_bit_or from function_object native "pbrs.dll"
//! end type
//!
//! forward prototypes
//! global function long gf_bit_or (readonly long a,readonly long b)
//! end prototypes
//! ```
//!
//! - C++
//!
//! ```cpp
//! #include <pbext.h>
//!
//! PBXRESULT bit_or(PBCallInfo *ci)
//! {
//!     pblong a = ci->pArgs->GetAt(0)->GetLong();
//!     pblong b = ci->pArgs->GetAt(1)->GetLong();
//!     return ci->returnValue->SetLong(a|b);
//! }
//! PBXRESULT PBXCALL PBX_InvokeGlobalFunction(
//!     IPB_Session *pbsession,
//!     LPCWSTR functionName,
//!     PBCallInfo *ci)
//! {
//!     if(::wcscmp(functionName,L"gf_bit_or") == 0)
//!         return bit_or(ci);
//!     return PBX_E_NO_REGISTER_FUNCTION;
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! - Rust(pbni-rs)
//!
//! ```rust
//! use pbni::*;
//!
//! #[global_function(name="gf_bit_or")]
//! fn bit_or(a: pblong, b: pblong) -> pblong {
//!     a | b
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! #### 映射PowerBuilder对象
//!
//! - PowerBuilder
//!
//! ```vbscript
//! forward
//! global type n_pbni from nonvisualobject
//! end type
//! end forward

//! global type n_pbni from nonvisualobject native "pbrs.dll"
//! public function string of_hello (string world)
//! end type
//! global n_pbni n_pbni
//!
//! on n_pbni.create
//! call super::create
//! TriggerEvent( this, "constructor" )
//! end on
//!
//! on n_pbni.destroy
//! TriggerEvent( this, "destructor" )
//! call super::destroy
//! end on
//! ```
//!
//! - C++
//!
//! ```cpp
//! #include <pbext.h>
//!
//! class CppObject: public IPBX_NonVisualObject
//! {
//!     IPB_Session *session;
//!     pbobject ctx;
//!
//!     PBXRESULT handle_hello(PBCallInfo *ci)
//!     {
//!         LPCWSTR lpcsWorld = this->session->GetString(ci->pArgs->GetAt(0)->GetString());
//!         std::wostringstream ss;
//!         ss << L"hello " << lpcsWorld << L"!";
//!         return ci->returnValue->SetString(ss.str().c_str());
//!     }
//!
//! public:
//!     CppObject(IPB_Session *pbsession,pbobject pbobj)
//!     :session(pbsession),
//!     ctx(pbobj)
//!     {}
//!     virtual ~CppObject() override {};
//!
//!     virtual void Destroy() override { delete this; }
//!
//!     virtual PBXRESULT Invoke(
//!         IPB_Session *session,
//!         pbobject obj,
//!         pbmethodID mid,
//!         PBCallInfo *ci) override
//!    {
//!         if(mid == 0)
//!             return this->handle_hello(ci);
//!         return PBX_E_NO_REGISTER_FUNCTION;
//!    }
//! };
//!
//! PBXRESULT PBXCALL PBX_CreateNonVisualObject(
//!     IPB_Session *pbsession,
//!     pbobject pbobj,
//!     LPCWSTR className,
//!     IPBX_NonVisualObject **obj)
//! {
//!     if(::wcscmp(className,L"n_pbni") == 0)
//!     {
//!         *obj = new CppObject(pbsession,pbobj);
//!         return PBX_OK;
//!     }
//!     return PBX_E_NO_SUCH_CLASS;
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! - Rust(pbni-rs)
//!
//! ```rust
//! use pbni::*;
//!
//! struct RustObject {
//!     session: Session,
//!     ctx: ContextObject
//! }
//!
//! #[nonvisualobject(name = "n_pbni")]
//! impl RustObject {
//!     #[constructor]
//!     fn new(session: Session, ctx: ContextObject) -> RustObject {
//!         RustObject {
//!             session,
//!             ctx
//!         }
//!     }
//!     #[method(name="of_Hello")]
//!     fn hello(&self, world: String) -> String {
//!         format!("hello {}!",world)
//!     }
//! }
//! ```
//! #### 参数提取
//!
//! pbni-rs代码生成宏会自动提取PB参数为Rust映射的[数据类型],参数的提取顺序与PB端定义的顺序保持一致.其中有几个特殊的参数: [`Session`]/[`CallInfoRef`]/[`ArgumentsRef`],这几个参数对位置没有要求并且数量任意.
//!
//! [数据类型]: #数据类型映射
//!
//! ```rust
//! use pbni::*;
//!
//! #[global_function(name="gf_bit_or")]
//! fn bit_or(session: Session,a: pblong, b: pblong) -> pblong {
//!     a | b
//! }
//!
//! //等同于
//!
//! #[global_function(name="gf_bit_or")]
//! fn bit_or(session: Session,args: ArgumentsRef,a: pblong) -> pblong {
//!     a | args.get(1).get_long().unwrap()
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! **注意** Rust端参数列表须与PB端定义的类型数量以及顺序一致,任何不匹配的情况都会在运行时触发异常. <br>
//! 当参数列表通过`CallInfoRef`/`ArgumentsRef`接收后,将不再匹配参数数量,因为这两个参数已经隐式表示接收了所有的参数.`CallInfoRef`/`ArgumentsRef`一般用于处理引用传递参数以及变长参数列表.
//!
//! #### 可选参数列表匹配
//!
//! 以下示例为重载可选参数列表的匹配映射
//!
//! - PowerBuilder
//!
//! ```vbscript
//! global type gf_test from function_object native "pbrs.dll"
//! end type
//!
//! forward prototypes
//! global function long gf_test (readonly long a,readonly long b)
//! global function long gf_test (readonly long a,readonly long b,readonly long c)
//! global function long gf_test (readonly long a,readonly long b,readonly long c,readonly long d)
//! end prototypes
//! ```
//!
//! - Rust(pbni-rs)
//!
//! ```rust
//! use pbni::*;
//!
//! #[global_function(name="gf_test")]
//! fn test(a: pblong, b: pblong, c: Option<long>, d: Option<long>) -> pblong {
//!     a | b
//! }
//! ```

#![allow(non_snake_case)]
#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
#![allow(dead_code)]
#![feature(extern_types)]
#![feature(const_raw_ptr_deref)]
#![feature(try_trait)]
#![feature(core_intrinsics)]

mod bindings;
#[cfg(feature = "vm")]
mod vm;
mod session;
mod callinfo;
mod value;
mod object;
mod invoker;
mod arguments;
#[cfg(any(feature = "global_function", feature = "nonvisualobject", feature = "visualobject"))]
mod export;
#[doc(hidden)]
mod codegen;

pub use arguments::{Arguments, ArgumentsRef};
pub use bindings::{
    pbbyte, pbdouble, pbint, pblong, pblonglong, pbreal, pbuint, pbulong, AsPBStr, FieldId, MethodId, PBStr, PBString, PBXRESULT
};
pub use callinfo::{CallInfo, CallInfoRef};
pub use invoker::Invoker;
pub use object::{ContextObject, Object, SharedObject};
pub use session::{LocalFrame, OwnedSession, Session};
pub use value::{Array, OwnedValue, Value};

#[cfg(feature = "vm")]
pub use vm::VM;

#[cfg(any(feature = "nonvisualobject", feature = "visualobject"))]
pub use object::UserObject;

#[cfg(feature = "nonvisualobject")]
pub use object::NonVisualObject;

#[cfg(feature = "visualobject")]
pub use object::VisualObject;

#[cfg(feature = "datetime")]
#[doc(no_inline)]
pub use chrono::{Datelike, NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime, NaiveTime, Timelike};

#[cfg(feature = "decimal")]
#[doc(no_inline)]
pub use rust_decimal::prelude::*;

#[cfg(any(feature = "global_function", feature = "nonvisualobject", feature = "visualobject"))]
pub use pbni_codegen::*;

#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod __private {
    pub use crate::codegen::__private as codegen;
}

pub type Result<T> = ::std::result::Result<T, PBXRESULT>;