panini-lang-engine 0.2.0

Pāṇini is a linguistic feature extraction framework: describe your language's morphology as Rust types, write extraction directives, and the pipeline handles the rest — prompt assembly, JSON schema generation, LLM orchestration, response parsing, and validation. No universal schema imposed; you define exactly the features your language needs.

Table of Contents

• Extraction Capabilities
  • Available components
  • Examples
• Usage
  • As a library (Rust API)
  • As a standalone CLI
  • Python
• Adding a language
• Adding an analysis component
• Building
• License

Extraction Capabilities

Extraction is built around composable components (AnalysisComponent). Each component provides a different axis of analysis or extracts specific features. You choose which components to run per request — pick only what you need.

By default, all compatible components are run. You can restrict the selection with --components:

# Run only morphology and Leipzig glossing
panini extract --components morphology,leipzig_alignment \
  --text "Gila abur-u-n ferma güğüna amuq'-da-č." \
  --target "amuq'-da-č"

# Run everything (default)
panini extract --text "Dał kotowi mleko." --target kotowi

From the Rust API, pass an optional list of component keys to extract_erased_with_components():

let result = registry::extract_erased_with_components(
    "pol", &model, &request,
    Some(&["morphology", "pedagogical_explanation"]),
    0.2, 4096, None, &prompts,
).await?;

Available components

*Agglutinative languages are marked with a "Agglutinative" trait implementation in the framework. You can define the implementation for any language, even for low-agglutination languages like french, etc.

Output examples

morphology

Polish — "Studentka czyta interesującą książkę w bibliotece."

{
  "morphology": {
    "target_features": [
      { "word": "studentka", "morphology": { "pos": "noun", "lemma": "studentka", "gender": "feminine", "case": "nominative" } },
      { "word": "czyta",     "morphology": { "pos": "verb", "lemma": "czytać", "tense": "present", "aspect": "imperfective" } }
    ],
    "context_features": [
      { "word": "interesującą", "morphology": { "pos": "adjective", "lemma": "interesujący", "gender": "feminine", "case": "accusative" } },
      { "word": "w",            "morphology": { "pos": "adposition", "lemma": "w", "governed_case": "locative" } },
      { "word": "bibliotece",   "morphology": { "pos": "noun", "lemma": "biblioteka", "gender": "feminine", "case": "locative" } }
    ]
  }
}

pedagogical_explanation

{
  "pedagogical_explanation": "<p><b>Translations:</b><br><i>Lit:</i> Student-female reads interesting book in library.<br><i>Nat:</i> The (female) student reads an interesting book in the library.</p><p><b>Analysis:</b></p><ul><li><span style='color:#3498db'><b>studentka</b></span> — nominative (subject)...</li></ul><div style='background-color:#3a3a3a;color:#e0e0e0;padding:10px;border-radius:5px;margin-top:10px;border-left:4px solid #3498db'><b>Grammar Recap:</b><br>Accusative case marks the direct object...</div>"
}

morpheme_segmentation

Turkish — "Öğrenciler kütüphanede kitap okuyorlar."

{
  "morpheme_segmentation": [
    {
      "word": "öğrenciler",
      "morphemes": [
        { "surface": "ler", "base_form": "lAr", "function": { "category": "number", "value": "plural" } }
      ]
    },
    {
      "word": "okuyorlar",
      "morphemes": [
        { "surface": "yor", "base_form": "(I)yor", "function": { "category": "tense", "value": "present" } },
        { "surface": "lar", "base_form": "lAr", "function": { "category": "agreement", "person": "third", "number": "plural" } }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

multiword_expressions

Polish — "Dał nogę przed policją."

{
  "multiword_expressions": [
    {
      "expression": "dać nogę",
      "translation": "to run away / to bolt",
      "type": "idiom"
    }
  ]
}

leipzig_alignment

Lezgian — "Gila abur-u-n ferma hamišaluǧ güǧüna amuq'-da-č."

{
  "leipzig_alignment": {
    "original_script": "Gila abur-u-n ferma hamišaluǧ güǧüna amuq'-da-č.",
    "words": [
      { "source": "Gila",           "gloss": "now" },
      { "source": "abur-u-n",       "gloss": "they-OBL-GEN" },
      { "source": "ferma",          "gloss": "farm" },
      { "source": "hamišaluǧ",      "gloss": "forever" },
      { "source": "güǧüna",         "gloss": "behind" },
      { "source": "amuq'-da-č",     "gloss": "stay-FUT-NEG" }
    ],
    "free_translation": "Now their farm will not stay behind forever."
  }
}

Usage

As a library (Rust API)

Add panini-engine and rig-core to your Cargo.toml:

panini-engine = { path = "…" }
panini-langs   = { path = "…" }
rig-core       = "0.33"

Then call extract_features_via_llm with any rig::completion::CompletionModel:

use panini_engine::{extract_features_via_llm, ExtractionOptions, ExtractionRequest};
use panini_engine::prompts::ExtractorPrompts;
use panini_langs::polish::Polish;
use rig::providers::openai;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let client = openai::Client::new(&std::env::var("OPENAI_API_KEY")?)?;
    let model  = client.completion_model("gpt-4o");
    let prompts = ExtractorPrompts::load("prompts/default.yml")?;

    let request = ExtractionRequest::builder()
        .content("Dał kotowi mleko.")
        .targets(vec!["kotowi".to_string()])
        .build();

    let options = ExtractionOptions {
        temperature: 0.2,
        max_tokens: 4096,
        previous_attempt: None,
        extractor_prompts: &prompts,
    };

    let result = extract_features_via_llm(&Polish, &model, &request, options).await?;

    println!("{:#?}", result.target_features);
    Ok(())
}

As a standalone CLI

1. Install

# from the workspace root
cargo install --path panini-cli

# or build locally
cargo build -p panini-cli --release

2. Create a config file (copy from panini.example.toml):

# panini.toml
provider     = "google"           # openai | anthropic | google
model        = "gemini-2.0-flash"
language     = "pol"              # pol | tur | ara
api_key      = "$GEMINI_API_KEY"
prompts_file = "panini-cli/prompts/default.yml"

3. Run

export GEMINI_API_KEY="$GEMINI_API_KEY"

panini extract \
  --config panini.toml \
  --text "Studentka czyta interesującą książkę." \
  --target studentka --target czyta --target książkę

# Select specific components
panini extract --config panini.toml \
  --text "Dał kotowi mleko." --target kotowi \
  --components morphology,leipzig_alignment

# List supported languages
panini languages

# Pipe output to jq
panini extract --config panini.toml --text "…" --target "…" \
  | jq '.morphology.target_features'

CLI options

Python

pip install panini-lang

from panini import extract

result = extract(
    provider="openai",        # "openai" | "anthropic" | "google"
    model="gpt-4o",
    api_key="sk-...",
    language="pol",           # ISO 639-3 code
    text="Dał kotowi mleko.",
    targets=["kotowi"],
)

→ See pynini/README.md for the full Python API reference.

What you define, what the framework does

You define:

• A morphology enum — the features you want extracted (POS, case, tense, aspect, gender… whatever your language needs)
• Extraction directives — natural-language instructions that guide the LLM on how to analyze your language
• Optional morpheme segmentation — for agglutinative languages, a morpheme inventory with validation rules
• Optional post-processing — hooks to validate or enrich the LLM's output after parsing

The framework handles:

• Prompt assembly — combines your directives, the generated schema, learner context, and pedagogical focus into a structured prompt
• JSON schema generation — automatically derived from your Rust types, so the LLM is constrained to return exactly what you defined
• LLM orchestration — provider-agnostic; bring your own client (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, local)
• Response parsing & validation — deserializes the LLM output into your typed structs, rejects malformed responses, supports retry with self-correction

Design principles

• No universal schema. Each language defines its own morphology enum with exactly the features it needs. Polish has 7 cases and verbal aspect. Arabic has triliteral roots and wazn patterns. There is no lowest-common-denominator Morphology struct.
• Type safety over convention. Morphology variants are strongly typed Rust enums, validated at compile time via #[derive(MorphologyInfo)]. Every variant must carry a lemma. The LLM's JSON output is parsed into these types and rejected if it doesn't conform.
• LLM as untrusted source. Responses are validated against a JSON schema, deserialized into typed structs, then post-processed. On parse failure, the raw output and error are returned for retry with self-correction.
• Provider-agnostic via rig. The engine accepts any rig::completion::CompletionModel — OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Mistral, Ollama, or any custom provider.
• Opt-in complexity. A simple language (Polish) needs a morphology enum and a few directives. An agglutinative language (Turkish) can opt into morpheme inventories, segmentation, and validation. You only implement what you need.

Workspace structure

panini/              # Facade crate, re-exports everything
panini-core/         # Traits, domain types, morphology enums, components
  src/components/    # AnalysisComponent implementations
panini-engine/       # LLM extraction pipeline, prompt assembly, schema composer
panini-langs/        # Per-language implementations (Polish, Arabic, Turkish)
panini-macro/        # #[derive(MorphologyInfo)], #[derive(PaniniResult)] proc macros

Adding a language

Automatically (LLM-assisted)

Fill your panini.toml config, choose a language (with its ISO 639-3 code) and run:

cargo run -p panini-cli -- add-language --language "French" --iso-code fra --config panini.toml

You should ALWAYS check the file output, especially for linguistic definitions, to ensure the LLM properly described the language.

Manually (step by step)

1. Create panini-langs/src/<language>.rs
2. Define a Morphology enum with #[derive(MorphologyInfo)] and #[serde(tag = "pos")] -- every variant must have lemma: String as its first field
3. Implement LinguisticDefinition on a unit struct
4. For agglutinative languages, also implement Agglutinative with a morpheme inventory

See panini-langs/src/polish.rs or panini-langs/src/turkish.rs as references.

Adding an analysis component

To add a new component (e.g. leipzig_alignment), touch 3 files:

1. Create the component in panini-core/src/components/<name>.rs:

use std::fmt::Debug;
use crate::component::{AnalysisComponent, ComponentContext};
use crate::traits::LinguisticDefinition;

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct MyComponent;

impl<L: LinguisticDefinition> AnalysisComponent<L> for MyComponent {
    fn name(&self) -> &'static str { "My Component" }
    fn schema_key(&self) -> &'static str { "my_component" }

    fn schema_fragment(&self, _lang: &L) -> serde_json::Value {
        // JSON Schema for the component's output
        serde_json::json!({
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
                "field": { "type": "string" }
            },
            "required": ["field"]
        })
    }

    fn prompt_fragment(&self, _lang: &L, _ctx: &ComponentContext) -> String {
        "Instructions for the LLM on how to produce this component's output.".to_string()
    }

    // Optional overrides:
    // fn is_compatible(&self, lang: &L) -> bool  — filter by language/typology
    // fn output_instruction(&self) -> Option<&str>  — extra output rules
    // fn pre_process(&self, raw: &str) -> String  — clean raw JSON before parsing
    // fn validate(&self, lang: &L, section: &Value) -> Result<(), String>
    // fn post_process(&self, lang: &L, section: &mut Value) -> Result<(), String>
}

2. Register the module in panini-core/src/components/mod.rs:

pub mod my_component;
pub use my_component::MyComponent;

3. Add to the registry in panini-langs/src/registry.rs (extract_for_language):

let my_comp = MyComponent;
let all_components: Vec<(&str, &dyn AnalysisComponent<L>)> = vec![
    // ...existing...
    ("my_component", &my_comp),
];

That's it. The component is automatically integrated into the schema and prompt via compose_schema() / compose_prompt(). Use it with --components my_component.

Building

cargo build
cargo test

License

MIT