packed_struct_codegen 0.10.1

This crate implements the code generation for the packed_struct library.
Documentation
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extern crate quote;
extern crate syn;

use crate::pack::*;
use crate::pack_parse_attributes::*;

use syn::spanned::Spanned;
use crate::utils::*;

use std::ops::Range;

use crate::utils_syn::{get_expr_int_val, get_single_segment, tokens_to_string};

pub fn parse_sub_attributes(attributes: &[syn::Attribute], main_attribute: &str, wrong_attribute: &str) -> syn::Result<Vec<(String, String)>> {
    let mut r = vec![];

    for attr in attributes {
        let meta = attr.parse_meta()?;
        if let syn::Meta::List(ref metalist) = meta {
            if let Some(path) = metalist.path.get_ident() {
                if path == wrong_attribute {
                    return Err(syn::Error::new(path.span(), format!("This attribute is not supported here, did you mean {:?}?", main_attribute)));
                }
                if path == main_attribute {
                    for nv in &metalist.nested {
                        match nv {
                            syn::NestedMeta::Meta(m) => {

                                match m {
                                    syn::Meta::Path(_) => {}
                                    syn::Meta::List(_) => {}
                                    syn::Meta::NameValue(nv) => {
                                        if let (Some(key), syn::Lit::Str(lit)) = (nv.path.get_ident(), &nv.lit) {
                                            r.push((key.to_string(), lit.value()));
                                        }
                                    }
                                }

                            }
                            syn::NestedMeta::Lit(_) => {}
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    Ok(r)
}


#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
/// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_numbering
pub enum BitNumbering {
    Lsb0,
    Msb0
}

impl BitNumbering {
    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
        let s = s.to_lowercase();
        match s.as_str() {
            "lsb0" => Some(BitNumbering::Lsb0),
            "msb0" => Some(BitNumbering::Msb0),
            _ => None
        }
    }
}


#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
/// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness
pub enum IntegerEndianness {
    Msb,
    Lsb
}

impl IntegerEndianness {
    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
        let s = s.to_lowercase();
        match s.as_str() {
            "lsb" | "le" => Some(IntegerEndianness::Lsb),
            "msb" | "be" => Some(IntegerEndianness::Msb),
            _ => None
        }
    }
}


fn get_builtin_type_bit_width(p: &syn::PathSegment) -> syn::Result<Option<usize>> {
    match p.ident.to_string().as_str() {
        "bool" => Ok(Some(1)),
        "u8" | "i8" => Ok(Some(8)),
        "u16" | "i16" => Ok(Some(16)),
        "u32" | "i32" => Ok(Some(32)),
        "u64" | "i64" => Ok(Some(64)),
        "ReservedZero" | "ReservedZeroes" | "ReservedOne" | "ReservedOnes" |
        "Integer" => {
            match p.arguments {
                ::syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref args) => {
                    for t in &args.args {
                        if let syn::GenericArgument::Type(ty) = t {                            
                            let ty_str = tokens_to_string(ty);                            
                            let p = " Bits ";
                            if let Some(bits_pos) = ty_str.find(p) {
                                let ty_start = &ty_str[(bits_pos+p.len())..];                                
                                let start = ty_start.find(|p: char| p.is_numeric());
                                if let Some(start) = start {
                                    let num_start = &ty_start[start..];                                    
                                    let end = num_start.find(|p: char| !p.is_numeric());
                                    if let Some(end) = end {
                                        let num = &num_start[..end];
                                        if let Ok(bits) = num.parse::<usize>() {
                                            return Ok(Some(bits));
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    Ok(None)
                },
                _ => Ok(None)
            }
        },
        _ => {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }
}


fn get_field_mid_positioning(field: &syn::Field) -> syn::Result<FieldMidPositioning> {
    
    let mut array_size = 1;
    let bit_width_builtin: Option<usize>;

    let _ty = match &field.ty {
        syn::Type::Path(type_path) => {
            let segment = get_single_segment(type_path)?;

            bit_width_builtin = get_builtin_type_bit_width(segment)?;
            segment.clone()
        },
        syn::Type::Array(type_array) => {
            
            let path = match *type_array.elem {
                syn::Type::Path(ref p) => p,
                _ => return Err(syn::Error::new(type_array.elem.span(), "Unknown array path type"))
            };

            let segment = get_single_segment(path)?;
            
            bit_width_builtin = get_builtin_type_bit_width(segment)?;
            let size = get_expr_int_val(&type_array.len)?;

            if size == 0 { 
                return Err(syn::Error::new(type_array.len.span(), "Arrays sized 0 are not supported."));
            }            
            
            array_size = size;

            segment.clone()
        },
        _ => { return Err(syn::Error::new(field.ty.span(), "Unsupported type")); }
    };

    let field_attributes = PackFieldAttribute::parse_all(&parse_sub_attributes(&field.attrs, "packed_field", "packed_struct")?);

    let bits_position = field_attributes.iter().filter_map(|a| match a {
        &PackFieldAttribute::BitPosition(b) | &PackFieldAttribute::BytePosition(b) => Some(b),
        _ => None
    }).next().unwrap_or(BitsPositionParsed::Next);

    let bit_width = if let Some(bits) = field_attributes.iter().filter_map(|a| if let PackFieldAttribute::SizeBits(bits) = *a { Some(bits) } else { None }).next() {
        if array_size > 1 {
            return Err(syn::Error::new(field.span(), "Please use the 'element_size_bits' or 'element_size_bytes' for arrays."));
        }
        bits
    } else if let Some(bits) = field_attributes.iter().filter_map(|a| if let PackFieldAttribute::ElementSizeBits(bits) = *a { Some(bits) } else { None }).next() {
        bits * array_size
    } else if let BitsPositionParsed::Range(a, b) = bits_position {
        (b as isize - a as isize).unsigned_abs() as usize + 1
    } else if let Some(bit_width_builtin) = bit_width_builtin {
        // todo: is it even possible to hit this branch?
        bit_width_builtin * array_size
    } else {
        return Err(syn::Error::new(field.span(), "Couldn't determine the bit/byte width for this field."));
    };

    Ok(FieldMidPositioning {
        bit_width,
        bits_position
    })
}


fn parse_field(field: &syn::Field, mp: &FieldMidPositioning, bit_range: &Range<usize>, default_endianness: Option<IntegerEndianness>) -> syn::Result<FieldKind> {

    match &field.ty {
        syn::Type::Path(_) => {
            return Ok(
                FieldKind::Regular {
                    field: Box::new(parse_reg_field(field, &field.ty, bit_range, default_endianness)?),
                    ident: field.ident.clone().ok_or_else(|| syn::Error::new(field.span(), "Missing ident!"))?
                }
            );
        },
        syn::Type::Array(type_array) => {

            let size = get_expr_int_val(&type_array.len)?;

            let element_size_bits: usize = mp.bit_width as usize / size as usize;
            if (mp.bit_width % element_size_bits) != 0 {
                return Err(syn::Error::new(type_array.span(), "Element and array size mismatch!"));
            }

            let mut elements = vec![];
            for i in 0..size as usize {
                let s = bit_range.start + (i * element_size_bits);
                let element_bit_range = s..(s + element_size_bits - 1);
                elements.push(parse_reg_field(field, &type_array.elem, &element_bit_range, default_endianness)?);
            }
            
            return Ok(FieldKind::Array {
                ident: field.ident.clone().ok_or_else(|| syn::Error::new(field.span(), "Missing ident!"))?,
                size,
                elements
            });
        },
        _ => ()
    };

    Err(syn::Error::new(field.span(), "Field not supported."))
}

fn parse_reg_field(field: &syn::Field, ty: &syn::Type, bit_range: &Range<usize>, default_endianness: Option<IntegerEndianness>) -> syn::Result<FieldRegular> {
    
    let mut wrappers = vec![];

    let bit_width = (bit_range.end - bit_range.start) + 1;
    
    let ty_str = tokens_to_string(ty);
    let field_attributes = PackFieldAttribute::parse_all(&parse_sub_attributes(&field.attrs, "packed_field", "packed_struct")?);


    let is_enum_ty = field_attributes.iter().filter_map(|a| match *a {
        PackFieldAttribute::Ty(TyKind::Enum) => Some(()),
        _ => None
    }).next().is_some();

    let needs_int_wrap = {
        let int_types = ["u8", "i8", "u16", "i16", "u32", "i32", "u64", "i64"];
        is_enum_ty || int_types.iter().any(|t| t == &ty_str)
    };

    let needs_endiannes_wrap = {
        let our_int_ty = ty_str.starts_with("Integer < ") && ty_str.contains("Bits");
        our_int_ty || needs_int_wrap
    };

    if is_enum_ty {
        wrappers.push(SerializationWrapper::PrimitiveEnum);
    }

    if needs_int_wrap {
        let ty = if is_enum_ty {
            format!("<{} as PrimitiveEnum>::Primitive", tokens_to_string(ty))
        } else {
            ty_str.clone()
        };
        let integer_wrap_ty = syn::parse_str(&format!("Integer<{}, Bits::<{}>>", ty, bit_width))?;
        wrappers.push(SerializationWrapper::Integer { integer: integer_wrap_ty });
    }

    if needs_endiannes_wrap {
        let mut endiannes = if let Some(endiannes) = field_attributes
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|a| if let PackFieldAttribute::IntEndiannes(endiannes) = a {
                                Some(*endiannes)
                            } else {
                                None
                            }).next()
        {
            Some(endiannes)
        } else {
            default_endianness
        };

        if bit_width <= 8 {
            endiannes = Some(IntegerEndianness::Msb);
        }

        if endiannes.is_none() {
            panic!("Missing serialization wrapper for simple type {:?} - did you specify the integer endiannes on the field or a default for the struct?", ty_str);
        }

        let ty_prefix = match endiannes.unwrap() {
            IntegerEndianness::Msb => "Msb",
            IntegerEndianness::Lsb => "Lsb"
        };

        let endiannes_wrap_ty = syn::parse_str(&format!("{}Integer", ty_prefix)).unwrap();
        wrappers.push(SerializationWrapper::Endiannes { endian: endiannes_wrap_ty });
    }

    Ok(FieldRegular {
        ty: ty.clone(),
        serialization_wrappers: wrappers,
        bit_width,
        bit_range: bit_range.clone(),
        bit_range_rust: bit_range.start..(bit_range.end + 1)
    })
}



#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum BitsPositionParsed {
    Next,
    Start(usize),
    Range(usize, usize)
}

impl BitsPositionParsed {
    fn to_bits_position(self) -> Box<dyn BitsRange> {
        match self {
            BitsPositionParsed::Next => Box::new(NextBits),
            BitsPositionParsed::Start(s) => Box::new(s),
            BitsPositionParsed::Range(a, b) => Box::new(a..b)
        }
    }

    pub fn range_in_order(a: usize, b: usize) -> Self {
        BitsPositionParsed::Range(::std::cmp::min(a, b), ::std::cmp::max(a, b))
    }
}



pub fn parse_num(s: &str) -> Result<usize, String> {
    let s = s.trim();

    if s.starts_with("0x") || s.starts_with("0X") {
        usize::from_str_radix(&s[2..], 16).map_err(|e| { format!("Invalid hex number: {:?}, parse error: {:?}", s, e) })
    } else {
        s.parse().map_err(|e| format!("Invalid decimal number: {:?}, parse error: {:?}", s, e))
    }
}



pub fn parse_struct(ast: &syn::DeriveInput) -> syn::Result<PackStruct> {
    let attributes = PackStructAttribute::parse_all(&parse_sub_attributes(&ast.attrs, "packed_struct", "packed_field")?);

    let data_struct = match &ast.data {
        syn::Data::Struct(data) => data,
        _ => return Err(syn::Error::new(ast.span(), "#[derive(PackedStruct)] can only be used with braced structs"))
    };
    let fields: Vec<_> = data_struct.fields.iter().collect();

    if !ast.generics.params.is_empty() {
        return Err(syn::Error::new(ast.span(), "Structures with generic fields currently aren't supported."));
    }

    let bit_positioning = {
        attributes.iter().filter_map(|a| match *a {
            PackStructAttribute::BitNumbering(b) => Some(b),
            _ => None
        }).next()
    };

    let default_int_endianness = attributes.iter().filter_map(|a| match *a {
        PackStructAttribute::DefaultIntEndianness(i) => Some(i),
        _ => None
    }).next();

    let struct_size_bytes = attributes.iter().filter_map(|a| {
        if let PackStructAttribute::SizeBytes(size_bytes) = *a {
            Some(size_bytes)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }).next();

    let first_field_is_auto_positioned = {
        if let Some(field) = fields.first() {
            let mp = get_field_mid_positioning(field)?;
            mp.bits_position == BitsPositionParsed::Next
        } else {
            false
        }
    };

    let mut fields_parsed: Vec<FieldKind> = vec![];
    {
        let mut prev_bit_range = None;
        for field in &fields {
            let mp = get_field_mid_positioning(field)?;
            let bits_position = match (bit_positioning, mp.bits_position) {
                (Some(BitNumbering::Lsb0), BitsPositionParsed::Next) | (Some(BitNumbering::Lsb0), BitsPositionParsed::Start(_)) => {
                    return Err(syn::Error::new(field.span(), "LSB0 field positioning currently requires explicit, full field positions."));
                },
                (Some(BitNumbering::Lsb0), BitsPositionParsed::Range(start, end)) => {
                    if let Some(struct_size_bytes) = struct_size_bytes {
                        BitsPositionParsed::range_in_order( (struct_size_bytes * 8) - 1 - start, (struct_size_bytes * 8) - 1 - end )
                    } else {
                        return Err(syn::Error::new(field.span(), "LSB0 field positioning currently requires explicit struct byte size."));
                    }
                },

                (None, p @ BitsPositionParsed::Next) => p,
                (Some(BitNumbering::Msb0), p) => p,

                (None, _) => {
                    return Err(syn::Error::new(field.span(), "Please explicitly specify the bit numbering mode on the struct with an attribute: #[packed_struct(bit_numbering=\"msb0\")] or \"lsb0\"."));
                }
            };
            let bit_range = bits_position.to_bits_position().get_bits_range(mp.bit_width, &prev_bit_range);

            fields_parsed.push(parse_field(field, &mp, &bit_range, default_int_endianness)?);

            prev_bit_range = Some(bit_range);
        }
    }

    let num_bits: usize = {
        if let Some(struct_size_bytes) = struct_size_bytes {
            struct_size_bytes * 8
        } else {
            let last_bit = fields_parsed.iter().map(|f| match f {
                FieldKind::Regular { ref field, .. } => field.bit_range_rust.end,
                FieldKind::Array { ref elements, .. } => elements.last().unwrap().bit_range_rust.end
            }).max().unwrap();
            last_bit
        }
    };

    let num_bytes = (num_bits as f32 / 8.0).ceil() as usize;

    if first_field_is_auto_positioned && (num_bits % 8) != 0 && struct_size_bytes.is_none() {
        return Err(syn::Error::new(fields[0].span(), "Please explicitly position the bits of the first field of this structure, as the alignment isn't obvious to the end user."));
    }

    // check for overlaps
    {
        let mut bits = vec![None; num_bytes * 8];
        for field in &fields_parsed {
            let mut find_overlaps = |name: String, range: &Range<usize>| {
                for i in range.start .. (range.end+1) {
                    if let Some(&Some(ref n)) = bits.get(i) {
                        return Err(syn::Error::new(name.span(), format!("Overlap in bits between fields {} and {}", n, name)));
                    }

                    bits[i] = Some(name.clone());
                }

                Ok(())
            };

            match field {
                FieldKind::Regular { ref field, ref ident } => {
                    find_overlaps(ident.to_string(), &field.bit_range)?;
                },
                FieldKind::Array { ref ident, ref elements, .. } => {
                    for (i, field) in elements.iter().enumerate() {
                        find_overlaps(format!("{}[{}]", ident, i), &field.bit_range)?;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    Ok(PackStruct {
        derive_input: ast,
        data_struct,
        fields: fields_parsed,
        num_bytes,
        num_bits
    })
}