use crate::rag::AssembledContext;
use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use oxirs_core::model::triple::Triple;
use regex::Regex;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use tracing::{debug, info};
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ReasoningConfig {
pub max_inference_depth: usize,
pub confidence_threshold: f64,
pub enable_causal_reasoning: bool,
pub enable_temporal_reasoning: bool,
pub enable_analogical_reasoning: bool,
pub uncertainty_quantification: bool,
}
impl Default for ReasoningConfig {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
max_inference_depth: 5,
confidence_threshold: 0.7,
enable_causal_reasoning: true,
enable_temporal_reasoning: true,
enable_analogical_reasoning: true,
uncertainty_quantification: true,
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ReasoningType {
Deductive,
Inductive,
Causal,
Temporal,
Analogical,
Probabilistic,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ReasoningStep {
pub step_id: String,
pub reasoning_type: ReasoningType,
pub premise_triples: Vec<Triple>,
pub conclusion_triple: Option<Triple>,
pub confidence: f64,
pub explanation: String,
pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ReasoningChain {
pub chain_id: String,
pub query: String,
pub steps: Vec<ReasoningStep>,
pub final_conclusion: Option<Triple>,
pub overall_confidence: f64,
pub reasoning_time_ms: u64,
pub alternative_chains: Vec<AlternativeChain>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AlternativeChain {
pub chain_id: String,
pub steps: Vec<ReasoningStep>,
pub conclusion: Option<Triple>,
pub confidence: f64,
pub divergence_point: usize,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ReasoningResult {
pub primary_chain: ReasoningChain,
pub supporting_evidence: Vec<Triple>,
pub contradicting_evidence: Vec<Triple>,
pub uncertainty_factors: Vec<UncertaintyFactor>,
pub reasoning_quality: ReasoningQuality,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct UncertaintyFactor {
pub factor_type: UncertaintyType,
pub description: String,
pub impact_score: f64,
pub mitigation_strategy: Option<String>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum UncertaintyType {
InsufficientEvidence,
ConflictingEvidence,
TemporalInconsistency,
CausalGaps,
StatisticalUncertainty,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ReasoningQuality {
pub logical_consistency: f64,
pub evidence_strength: f64,
pub chain_completeness: f64,
pub temporal_coherence: f64,
pub overall_quality: f64,
}
pub struct AdvancedReasoningEngine {
config: ReasoningConfig,
reasoning_patterns: HashMap<String, ReasoningPattern>,
causal_knowledge: CausalKnowledgeBase,
temporal_model: TemporalReasoningModel,
analogical_matcher: AnalogicalMatcher,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ReasoningPattern {
pattern_id: String,
pattern_type: ReasoningType,
premise_template: String,
conclusion_template: String,
confidence_modifier: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct CausalKnowledgeBase {
causal_relations: HashMap<String, Vec<CausalRelation>>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct TemporalReasoningModel {
temporal_relations: HashMap<String, TemporalRelation>,
time_constraints: Vec<TimeConstraint>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct AnalogicalMatcher {
similarity_patterns: HashMap<String, Vec<AnalogicalPattern>>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct CausalRelation {
cause: String,
effect: String,
strength: f64,
conditions: Vec<String>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct TemporalRelation {
relation_type: String,
before_entity: String,
after_entity: String,
time_interval: Option<std::time::Duration>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct TimeConstraint {
constraint_type: String,
entities: Vec<String>,
temporal_bound: DateTime<Utc>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct AnalogicalPattern {
source_domain: String,
target_domain: String,
mapping_strength: f64,
structural_similarity: f64,
}
impl AdvancedReasoningEngine {
pub fn new(config: ReasoningConfig) -> Self {
Self {
config,
reasoning_patterns: Self::initialize_reasoning_patterns(),
causal_knowledge: CausalKnowledgeBase {
causal_relations: HashMap::new(),
},
temporal_model: TemporalReasoningModel {
temporal_relations: HashMap::new(),
time_constraints: Vec::new(),
},
analogical_matcher: AnalogicalMatcher {
similarity_patterns: HashMap::new(),
},
}
}
fn initialize_reasoning_patterns() -> HashMap<String, ReasoningPattern> {
let mut patterns = HashMap::new();
patterns.insert(
"modus_ponens".to_string(),
ReasoningPattern {
pattern_id: "modus_ponens".to_string(),
pattern_type: ReasoningType::Deductive,
premise_template: "If {P} then {Q}; {P} is true".to_string(),
conclusion_template: "Therefore {Q} is true".to_string(),
confidence_modifier: 0.95,
},
);
patterns.insert(
"causal_chain".to_string(),
ReasoningPattern {
pattern_id: "causal_chain".to_string(),
pattern_type: ReasoningType::Causal,
premise_template: "{A} causes {B}; {B} causes {C}".to_string(),
conclusion_template: "{A} causes {C}".to_string(),
confidence_modifier: 0.8,
},
);
patterns.insert(
"temporal_sequence".to_string(),
ReasoningPattern {
pattern_id: "temporal_sequence".to_string(),
pattern_type: ReasoningType::Temporal,
premise_template: "{A} happens before {B}; {B} happens before {C}".to_string(),
conclusion_template: "{A} happens before {C}".to_string(),
confidence_modifier: 0.9,
},
);
patterns
}
pub async fn reason(
&mut self,
query: &str,
context: &AssembledContext,
) -> Result<ReasoningResult> {
let start_time = std::time::Instant::now();
info!("Starting advanced reasoning for query: {}", query);
let mut reasoning_chains = Vec::new();
if let Some(deductive_chain) = self.build_deductive_chain(query, context).await? {
reasoning_chains.push(deductive_chain);
}
if self.config.enable_causal_reasoning {
if let Some(causal_chain) = self.build_causal_chain(query, context).await? {
reasoning_chains.push(causal_chain);
}
}
if self.config.enable_temporal_reasoning {
if let Some(temporal_chain) = self.build_temporal_chain(query, context).await? {
reasoning_chains.push(temporal_chain);
}
}
if self.config.enable_analogical_reasoning {
if let Some(analogical_chain) = self.build_analogical_chain(query, context).await? {
reasoning_chains.push(analogical_chain);
}
}
let primary_chain = self.select_best_chain(reasoning_chains)?;
let (supporting_evidence, contradicting_evidence) =
self.gather_evidence(&primary_chain, context).await?;
let uncertainty_factors = if self.config.uncertainty_quantification {
self.quantify_uncertainty(&primary_chain, context).await?
} else {
Vec::new()
};
let reasoning_quality = self
.assess_reasoning_quality(&primary_chain, context)
.await?;
let reasoning_time = start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
info!("Advanced reasoning completed in {}ms", reasoning_time);
Ok(ReasoningResult {
primary_chain,
supporting_evidence,
contradicting_evidence,
uncertainty_factors,
reasoning_quality,
})
}
async fn build_deductive_chain(
&self,
query: &str,
context: &AssembledContext,
) -> Result<Option<ReasoningChain>> {
debug!("Building deductive reasoning chain");
let mut steps = Vec::new();
let mut current_premises = context
.semantic_results
.iter()
.map(|r| r.triple.clone())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
for depth in 0..self.config.max_inference_depth {
if let Some(new_conclusion) = self.apply_modus_ponens(¤t_premises)? {
let step = ReasoningStep {
step_id: format!("deductive_step_{depth}"),
reasoning_type: ReasoningType::Deductive,
premise_triples: current_premises.clone(),
conclusion_triple: Some(new_conclusion.clone()),
confidence: 0.9 - (depth as f64 * 0.1),
explanation: format!("Applied deductive inference at depth {depth}"),
timestamp: Utc::now(),
};
steps.push(step);
current_premises.push(new_conclusion);
} else {
break;
}
}
if steps.is_empty() {
return Ok(None);
}
let overall_confidence = steps
.iter()
.map(|s| s.confidence)
.fold(1.0, |acc, conf| acc * conf);
Ok(Some(ReasoningChain {
chain_id: uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
query: query.to_string(),
steps,
final_conclusion: current_premises.last().cloned(),
overall_confidence,
reasoning_time_ms: 0, alternative_chains: Vec::new(),
}))
}
async fn build_causal_chain(
&self,
query: &str,
context: &AssembledContext,
) -> Result<Option<ReasoningChain>> {
debug!("Building causal reasoning chain");
let causal_triples = context
.semantic_results
.iter()
.filter(|r| self.is_causal_relation(&r.triple))
.map(|r| r.triple.clone())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
if causal_triples.is_empty() {
return Ok(None);
}
let mut steps = Vec::new();
let mut causal_chain = Vec::new();
for (i, triple) in causal_triples.iter().enumerate() {
let step = ReasoningStep {
step_id: format!("causal_step_{i}"),
reasoning_type: ReasoningType::Causal,
premise_triples: vec![triple.clone()],
conclusion_triple: None, confidence: 0.8,
explanation: format!("Identified causal relationship: {}", triple.object()),
timestamp: Utc::now(),
};
steps.push(step);
causal_chain.push(triple.clone());
}
let overall_confidence = 0.8_f64.powi(steps.len() as i32);
Ok(Some(ReasoningChain {
chain_id: uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
query: query.to_string(),
steps,
final_conclusion: causal_chain.last().cloned(),
overall_confidence,
reasoning_time_ms: 0,
alternative_chains: Vec::new(),
}))
}
async fn build_temporal_chain(
&self,
query: &str,
context: &AssembledContext,
) -> Result<Option<ReasoningChain>> {
debug!("Building temporal reasoning chain");
let temporal_triples = context
.semantic_results
.iter()
.filter(|r| self.is_temporal_relation(&r.triple))
.map(|r| r.triple.clone())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
if temporal_triples.is_empty() {
return Ok(None);
}
let mut sorted_triples = temporal_triples;
sorted_triples.sort_by(|a, b| {
let a_temporal_score = self.extract_temporal_score(a);
let b_temporal_score = self.extract_temporal_score(b);
a_temporal_score
.partial_cmp(&b_temporal_score)
.unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
});
let mut steps = Vec::new();
for (i, triple) in sorted_triples.iter().enumerate() {
let step = ReasoningStep {
step_id: format!("temporal_step_{i}"),
reasoning_type: ReasoningType::Temporal,
premise_triples: vec![triple.clone()],
conclusion_triple: None,
confidence: 0.85,
explanation: format!("Temporal sequence element: {}", triple.object()),
timestamp: Utc::now(),
};
steps.push(step);
}
let overall_confidence = 0.85_f64.powi(steps.len() as i32);
Ok(Some(ReasoningChain {
chain_id: uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
query: query.to_string(),
steps,
final_conclusion: sorted_triples.last().cloned(),
overall_confidence,
reasoning_time_ms: 0,
alternative_chains: Vec::new(),
}))
}
async fn build_analogical_chain(
&self,
query: &str,
context: &AssembledContext,
) -> Result<Option<ReasoningChain>> {
debug!("Building analogical reasoning chain");
let analogical_candidates = context
.semantic_results
.iter()
.filter(|r| self.has_analogical_potential(&r.triple))
.map(|r| r.triple.clone())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
if analogical_candidates.is_empty() {
return Ok(None);
}
let mut steps = Vec::new();
for (i, triple) in analogical_candidates.iter().enumerate() {
let step = ReasoningStep {
step_id: format!("analogical_step_{i}"),
reasoning_type: ReasoningType::Analogical,
premise_triples: vec![triple.clone()],
conclusion_triple: None,
confidence: 0.7, explanation: format!("Analogical pattern identified: {}", triple.object()),
timestamp: Utc::now(),
};
steps.push(step);
}
let overall_confidence = 0.7_f64.powi(steps.len() as i32);
Ok(Some(ReasoningChain {
chain_id: uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
query: query.to_string(),
steps,
final_conclusion: analogical_candidates.last().cloned(),
overall_confidence,
reasoning_time_ms: 0,
alternative_chains: Vec::new(),
}))
}
fn apply_modus_ponens(&self, premises: &[Triple]) -> Result<Option<Triple>> {
for premise in premises {
let predicate_str = premise.predicate().to_string();
if predicate_str.contains("implies") || predicate_str.contains("causes") {
return Ok(Some(premise.clone()));
}
}
Ok(None)
}
fn is_causal_relation(&self, triple: &Triple) -> bool {
let predicate = triple.predicate().to_string().to_lowercase();
predicate.contains("cause")
|| predicate.contains("result")
|| predicate.contains("lead")
|| predicate.contains("effect")
}
fn is_temporal_relation(&self, triple: &Triple) -> bool {
let predicate = triple.predicate().to_string().to_lowercase();
predicate.contains("before")
|| predicate.contains("after")
|| predicate.contains("during")
|| predicate.contains("when")
|| predicate.contains("time")
}
fn has_analogical_potential(&self, triple: &Triple) -> bool {
let predicate = triple.predicate().to_string().to_lowercase();
predicate.contains("similar")
|| predicate.contains("like")
|| predicate.contains("analogy")
|| predicate.contains("resemble")
}
fn select_best_chain(&self, chains: Vec<ReasoningChain>) -> Result<ReasoningChain> {
if chains.is_empty() {
return Err(anyhow!("No valid reasoning chains found"));
}
let best_chain = chains
.into_iter()
.filter(|chain| chain.overall_confidence >= self.config.confidence_threshold)
.max_by(|a, b| {
a.overall_confidence
.partial_cmp(&b.overall_confidence)
.unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
});
best_chain.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("No reasoning chain meets confidence threshold"))
}
async fn gather_evidence(
&self,
_chain: &ReasoningChain,
context: &AssembledContext,
) -> Result<(Vec<Triple>, Vec<Triple>)> {
let mut supporting = Vec::new();
let mut contradicting = Vec::new();
for result in &context.semantic_results {
if result.score > 0.8 {
supporting.push(result.triple.clone());
} else if result.score < 0.3 {
contradicting.push(result.triple.clone());
}
}
Ok((supporting, contradicting))
}
async fn quantify_uncertainty(
&self,
chain: &ReasoningChain,
context: &AssembledContext,
) -> Result<Vec<UncertaintyFactor>> {
let mut factors = Vec::new();
if context.semantic_results.len() < 3 {
factors.push(UncertaintyFactor {
factor_type: UncertaintyType::InsufficientEvidence,
description: "Limited evidence available for reasoning".to_string(),
impact_score: 0.3,
mitigation_strategy: Some("Gather more relevant information".to_string()),
});
}
let confidence_variance = chain
.steps
.iter()
.map(|s| s.confidence)
.fold((0.0, 0.0), |acc, conf| (acc.0 + conf, acc.1 + conf * conf));
let mean_confidence = confidence_variance.0 / chain.steps.len() as f64;
let variance =
(confidence_variance.1 / chain.steps.len() as f64) - mean_confidence * mean_confidence;
if variance > 0.1 {
factors.push(UncertaintyFactor {
factor_type: UncertaintyType::ConflictingEvidence,
description: "High variance in step confidences".to_string(),
impact_score: variance,
mitigation_strategy: Some("Resolve conflicting information".to_string()),
});
}
Ok(factors)
}
async fn assess_reasoning_quality(
&self,
chain: &ReasoningChain,
context: &AssembledContext,
) -> Result<ReasoningQuality> {
let logical_consistency = chain
.steps
.iter()
.map(|s| s.confidence)
.fold(0.0, |acc, conf| acc + conf)
/ chain.steps.len() as f64;
let evidence_strength = context
.semantic_results
.iter()
.map(|r| r.score as f64)
.fold(0.0, |acc, score| acc + score)
/ context.semantic_results.len().max(1) as f64;
let chain_completeness = if chain.final_conclusion.is_some() {
1.0
} else {
0.5
};
let temporal_coherence = self.analyze_temporal_coherence(chain);
let overall_quality =
(logical_consistency + evidence_strength + chain_completeness + temporal_coherence)
/ 4.0;
Ok(ReasoningQuality {
logical_consistency,
evidence_strength,
chain_completeness,
temporal_coherence,
overall_quality,
})
}
fn extract_temporal_score(&self, triple: &Triple) -> f64 {
let object_str = triple.object().to_string().to_lowercase();
if object_str.contains("before")
|| object_str.contains("first")
|| object_str.contains("initial")
{
0.0
} else if object_str.contains("during")
|| object_str.contains("while")
|| object_str.contains("concurrent")
{
0.5
} else if object_str.contains("after")
|| object_str.contains("then")
|| object_str.contains("following")
{
1.0
} else if object_str.contains("finally")
|| object_str.contains("last")
|| object_str.contains("end")
{
2.0
} else {
if let Some(year) = self.extract_year_from_string(&object_str) {
year as f64 / 10000.0 } else {
0.5 }
}
}
fn extract_year_from_string(&self, text: &str) -> Option<i32> {
let year_regex = Regex::new(r"\b(1[0-9]{3}|20[0-9]{2}|21[0-9]{2})\b").ok()?;
if let Some(captures) = year_regex.find(text) {
captures.as_str().parse().ok()
} else {
None
}
}
fn analyze_temporal_coherence(&self, chain: &ReasoningChain) -> f64 {
if chain.steps.len() < 2 {
return 1.0; }
let mut coherence_scores = Vec::new();
for i in 1..chain.steps.len() {
let prev_step = &chain.steps[i - 1];
let curr_step = &chain.steps[i];
let prev_temporal = self.extract_temporal_info_from_step(prev_step);
let curr_temporal = self.extract_temporal_info_from_step(curr_step);
let coherence = if prev_temporal <= curr_temporal {
1.0 } else {
0.3 };
coherence_scores.push(coherence);
}
coherence_scores.iter().sum::<f64>() / coherence_scores.len() as f64
}
fn extract_temporal_info_from_step(&self, step: &ReasoningStep) -> f64 {
if let Some(conclusion) = &step.conclusion_triple {
self.extract_temporal_score(conclusion)
} else if !step.premise_triples.is_empty() {
self.extract_temporal_score(&step.premise_triples[0])
} else {
0.5 }
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_reasoning_engine_creation() {
let config = ReasoningConfig::default();
let engine = AdvancedReasoningEngine::new(config);
assert_eq!(engine.config.max_inference_depth, 5);
assert_eq!(engine.config.confidence_threshold, 0.7);
}
#[test]
fn test_reasoning_patterns_initialization() {
let patterns = AdvancedReasoningEngine::initialize_reasoning_patterns();
assert!(patterns.contains_key("modus_ponens"));
assert!(patterns.contains_key("causal_chain"));
assert!(patterns.contains_key("temporal_sequence"));
}
#[test]
fn test_causal_relation_detection() {
let _engine = AdvancedReasoningEngine::new(ReasoningConfig::default());
}
}