orx-split-vec 3.22.0

use crate::{Doubling, Growth, fragment::fragment_struct::Fragment};
use alloc::string::String;
use alloc::vec::Vec;

/// A split vector consisting of a vector of fragments.
///
/// A fragment is a contiguous memory storing elements of the vector.
/// Therefore, SplitVec is not one large contiguous memory fragment;
/// it is rather a sequence of contiguous fragments.
///
/// Different [`Growth`] strategies define the size of the fragments:
/// * [`Doubling`] (similarly [`Recursive`]) strategy keeps doubling the capacity
///   of fragments. Therefore, for sequential iteration, its amortized time
///   complexity is equal to one large contiguous fragment.
///   Furthermore, it allows for constant time random access.
/// * [`Linear`], on the other hand, keeps creating fragments of equal
///   sizes. It is then the caller's choice to decide on the level of
///   fragmentation. Linear growth strategy also allows for constant time random
///   access.
/// * It is also possible to define a custom growth strategy where the implementation
///   decides on the size of each next fragment to be allocated. Please see the
///   [`Growth`] trait documentation for details.
///
///
/// # Features
///
/// SplitVec behaves pretty much like a standard vector. However, since it implements [`PinnedVec`],
/// it can be used as the vector storage that requires pinned elements.
/// For instance, we cannot use a standard vector as the backing storage of a
/// [`LinkedList`](https://crates.io/crates/orx-linked-list), [`ImpVec`](https://crates.io/crates/orx-imp-vec)
/// or [`ConcurrentVec`](https://crates.io/crates/orx-concurrent-vec), while we can use SplitVec due to
/// its pinned elements guarantee.
///
/// A split vec has the following features:
///
/// * Flexible in growth strategies; custom strategies can be defined.
/// * Growth does not cause memory copies.
/// * Capacity of an already created fragment is never changed.
/// * Memory location of an item added to the split vector will never change unless
///   either of `remove`, `pop`, `insert`, `clear` or `truncate` mutation methods are
///   called.
///
/// [`Recursive`]: crate::Recursive
/// [`Linear`]: crate::Linear
/// [`PinnedVec`]: orx_pinned_vec::PinnedVec
pub struct SplitVec<T, G = Doubling>
where
    G: Growth,
{
    pub(crate) len: usize,
    pub(crate) fragments: Vec<Fragment<T>>,
    pub(crate) growth: G,
}

impl<T, G> SplitVec<T, G>
where
    G: Growth,
{
    pub(crate) fn from_raw_parts(len: usize, fragments: Vec<Fragment<T>>, growth: G) -> Self {
        debug_assert_eq!(len, fragments.iter().map(|x| x.len()).sum::<usize>());
        Self {
            len,
            fragments,
            growth,
        }
    }

    // get

    /// Growth strategy of the split vector.
    ///
    /// Note that allocated data of split vector is pinned and allocated in fragments.
    /// Therefore, growth does not require copying data.
    ///
    /// The growth strategy determines the capacity of each fragment
    /// that will be added to the split vector when needed.
    ///
    /// Furthermore, it has an impact on index-access to the elements.
    /// See below for the complexities:
    ///
    /// * `Linear` (`SplitVec::with_linear_growth`) -> O(1)
    /// * `Doubling` (`SplitVec::with_doubling_growth`) -> O(1)
    /// * `Recursive` (`SplitVec::with_recursive_growth`) -> O(f) where f is the number of fragments; and O(1) append time complexity
    pub fn growth(&self) -> &G {
        &self.growth
    }

    /// Returns a mutable reference to the vector of fragments.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// Fragments of the split vector maintain the following structure:
    /// * the fragments vector is never empty, it has at least one fragment;
    /// * all fragments have a positive capacity;
    ///     * capacity of fragment f is equal to `self.growth.get_capacity(f)`.
    /// * if there exist F fragments in the vector:
    ///     * none of the fragments with indices `0..F-2` has capacity; i.e., len==capacity,
    ///     * the last fragment at position `F-1` might or might not have capacity.
    ///
    /// Breaking this structure invalidates the `SplitVec` struct,
    /// and its methods lead to UB.
    pub unsafe fn fragments_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<Fragment<T>> {
        &mut self.fragments
    }

    /// Returns the fragments of the split vector.
    ///
    /// The fragments of the split vector satisfy the following structure:
    /// * the fragments vector is never empty, it has at least one fragment;
    /// * all fragments have a positive capacity;
    ///     * capacity of fragment f is equal to `self.growth.get_capacity(f)`.
    /// * if there exist F fragments in the vector:
    ///     * none of the fragments with indices `0..F-2` has capacity; i.e., len==capacity,
    ///     * the last fragment at position `F-1` might or might not have capacity.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use orx_split_vec::*;
    ///
    /// let mut vec = SplitVec::with_linear_growth(2);
    ///
    /// for i in 0..6 {
    ///     vec.push(i);
    /// }
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(2, vec.fragments().len());
    /// assert_eq!(&[0, 1, 2, 3], vec.fragments()[0].as_slice());
    /// assert_eq!(&[4, 5], vec.fragments()[1].as_slice());
    ///
    /// ```
    pub fn fragments(&self) -> &[Fragment<T>] {
        &self.fragments
    }

    /// Maximum capacity that can safely be reached by the vector in a concurrent program.
    /// This value is often related with the capacity of the container holding meta information about allocations.
    /// Note that the split vector can naturally grow beyond this number, this bound is only relevant when the vector is `Sync`ed among threads.
    pub fn maximum_concurrent_capacity(&self) -> usize {
        self.growth()
            .maximum_concurrent_capacity(&self.fragments, self.fragments.capacity())
    }

    /// Makes sure that the split vector can safely reach the given `maximum_capacity` in a concurrent program.
    /// * returns Ok of the new maximum capacity if the vector succeeds to reserve.
    /// * returns the corresponding error message otherwise.
    ///
    /// Note that this method does not allocate the `maximum_capacity`, it only ensures that the concurrent growth to this capacity is safe.
    /// In order to achieve this, it might need to extend allocation of the fragments collection.
    /// However, note that by definition number of fragments is insignificant in a split vector.
    pub fn concurrent_reserve(&mut self, maximum_capacity: usize) -> Result<usize, String> {
        let required_num_fragments = self
            .growth
            .required_fragments_len(&self.fragments, maximum_capacity)?;

        let additional_fragments = match required_num_fragments > self.fragments.capacity() {
            true => required_num_fragments - self.fragments.capacity(),
            false => 0,
        };

        if additional_fragments > 0 {
            let prior_fragments_capacity = self.fragments.capacity();
            let num_fragments = self.fragments.len();

            unsafe { self.fragments.set_len(prior_fragments_capacity) };

            self.fragments.reserve(additional_fragments);

            #[allow(clippy::uninit_vec)]
            unsafe {
                self.fragments.set_len(num_fragments)
            };
        }

        Ok(self.maximum_concurrent_capacity())
    }

    /// Returns the fragment index and the index within fragment of the item with the given `index`;
    /// None if the index is out of bounds.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use orx_split_vec::*;
    ///
    /// let mut vec = SplitVec::with_linear_growth(2);
    ///
    /// for i in 0..6 {
    ///     vec.push(i);
    /// }
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(&[0, 1, 2, 3], vec.fragments()[0].as_slice());
    /// assert_eq!(&[4, 5], vec.fragments()[1].as_slice());
    ///
    /// // first fragment
    /// assert_eq!(Some((0, 0)), vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(0));
    /// assert_eq!(Some((0, 1)), vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(1));
    /// assert_eq!(Some((0, 2)), vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(2));
    /// assert_eq!(Some((0, 3)), vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(3));
    ///
    /// // second fragment
    /// assert_eq!(Some((1, 0)), vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(4));
    /// assert_eq!(Some((1, 1)), vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(5));
    ///
    /// // out of bounds
    /// assert_eq!(None, vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(6));
    /// ```
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn get_fragment_and_inner_indices(&self, index: usize) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
        self.growth
            .get_fragment_and_inner_indices(self.len, &self.fragments, index)
    }

    // helpers

    #[inline(always)]
    pub(crate) fn has_capacity_for_one(&self) -> bool {
        // TODO: below line should not fail but it does when clear or truncate is called
        // self.fragments[self.fragments.len() - 1].has_capacity_for_one()

        self.fragments
            .last()
            .map(|f| f.has_capacity_for_one())
            .unwrap_or(false)
    }

    /// Adds a new fragment to fragments of the split vector; returns the capacity of the new fragment.
    #[inline(always)]
    pub(crate) fn add_fragment(&mut self) -> usize {
        self.add_fragment_get_fragment_capacity(false)
    }

    /// Adds a new fragment and return the capacity of the added (now last) fragment.
    fn add_fragment_get_fragment_capacity(&mut self, zeroed: bool) -> usize {
        let new_fragment_capacity = self.growth.new_fragment_capacity(&self.fragments);

        let mut new_fragment = Fragment::new(new_fragment_capacity);
        if zeroed {
            // SAFETY: new_fragment empty with len=0, zeroed elements will not be read with safe api
            unsafe { new_fragment.zero() };
        }

        self.fragments.push(new_fragment);

        new_fragment_capacity
    }

    pub(crate) fn add_fragment_with_first_value(&mut self, first_value: T) {
        let capacity = self.growth.new_fragment_capacity(&self.fragments);
        let new_fragment = Fragment::new_with_first_value(capacity, first_value);
        self.fragments.push(new_fragment);
    }

    pub(crate) fn drop_last_empty_fragment(&mut self) {
        let drop_empty_last_fragment = self.fragments.last().map(|f| f.is_empty()).unwrap_or(false);
        if drop_empty_last_fragment {
            _ = self.fragments.pop();
        }
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub(crate) fn growth_get_ptr(&self, index: usize) -> Option<*const T> {
        self.growth.get_ptr(&self.fragments, index)
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub(crate) fn growth_get_ptr_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<*mut T> {
        self.growth.get_ptr_mut(&mut self.fragments, index)
    }

    /// Makes sure that the split vector can safely reach the given `maximum_capacity` in a concurrent program.
    ///
    /// Returns new maximum capacity.
    ///
    /// Note that this method does not allocate the `maximum_capacity`, it only ensures that the concurrent growth to this capacity is safe.
    /// In order to achieve this, it might need to extend allocation of the fragments collection.
    /// However, note that by definition number of fragments is insignificant in a split vector.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the vector fails to reserve the requested capacity.
    pub fn reserve_maximum_concurrent_capacity(&mut self, new_maximum_capacity: usize) -> usize {
        let current_max = self.maximum_concurrent_capacity();
        match current_max < new_maximum_capacity {
            true => {
                self.concurrent_reserve(new_maximum_capacity)
                    .expect("Failed to reserve maximum capacity");
                self.maximum_concurrent_capacity()
            }
            false => self.maximum_concurrent_capacity(),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::growth::growth_trait::GrowthWithConstantTimeAccess;
    use crate::test_all_growth_types;
    use crate::*;
    use alloc::vec;

    #[test]
    fn fragments() {
        fn test<G: Growth>(mut vec: SplitVec<usize, G>) {
            for i in 0..42 {
                vec.push(i);
            }

            let mut combined = vec![];
            let mut combined_mut = vec![];
            for fra in vec.fragments() {
                combined.extend_from_slice(fra);
            }
            for fra in unsafe { vec.fragments_mut() } {
                combined_mut.extend_from_slice(fra);
            }

            for i in 0..42 {
                assert_eq!(i, vec[i]);
                assert_eq!(i, combined[i]);
                assert_eq!(i, combined_mut[i]);
            }
        }
        test_all_growth_types!(test);
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_fragment_and_inner_indices() {
        #[cfg(not(miri))]
        const LEN: usize = 432;
        #[cfg(miri)]
        const LEN: usize = 57;

        fn test<G: Growth>(mut vec: SplitVec<usize, G>) {
            for i in 0..LEN {
                vec.push(i);
                assert_eq!(None, vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(i + 1));
            }

            for i in 0..LEN {
                let (f, ii) = vec.get_fragment_and_inner_indices(i).expect("is-some");
                assert_eq!(vec[i], vec.fragments[f][ii]);
            }
        }
        test_all_growth_types!(test);
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_ptr_mut() {
        fn test<G: GrowthWithConstantTimeAccess>(mut vec: SplitVec<usize, G>) {
            for i in 0..65 {
                vec.push(i);
            }
            for i in 0..64 {
                let p = vec.get_ptr_mut(i).expect("is-some");
                assert_eq!(i, unsafe { *p });
            }
            for i in 64..vec.capacity() {
                let p = vec.get_ptr_mut(i);
                assert!(p.is_some());
            }

            for i in vec.capacity()..(vec.capacity() * 2) {
                let p = vec.get_ptr_mut(i);
                assert!(p.is_none());
            }
        }

        test(SplitVec::with_doubling_growth());
        test(SplitVec::with_linear_growth(6));
    }

    #[test]
    fn add_fragment() {
        fn test<G: Growth>(mut vec: SplitVec<usize, G>) {
            for _ in 0..10 {
                let expected_new_fragment_cap = vec.growth.new_fragment_capacity(&vec.fragments);
                let new_fragment_cap = vec.add_fragment();
                assert_eq!(expected_new_fragment_cap, new_fragment_cap);
            }

            vec.clear();

            let mut expected_capacity = vec.capacity();
            for _ in 0..2 {
                let expected_new_fragment_cap = vec.growth.new_fragment_capacity(&vec.fragments);
                expected_capacity += expected_new_fragment_cap;
                vec.add_fragment();
            }

            assert_eq!(expected_capacity, vec.capacity());
        }

        test_all_growth_types!(test);
    }
}