optirs-core 0.3.2

OptiRS core optimization algorithms and utilities
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
// Real metric accumulation for the streaming metrics collector (finding M1).
//
// The four `update_*_metrics` methods used to be `Ok(())` with a comment. They
// now derive every metric from the rolling raw observations kept here, and
// leave an `Option` at `None` whenever the underlying measurement was never
// supplied.

use super::*;
use std::collections::VecDeque;

/// OS-level resource measurements the collector cannot take itself.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct ResourceProbe {
    /// CPU utilization percentage (0-100)
    pub cpu_utilization: Option<f64>,
    /// GPU utilization percentage (0-100)
    pub gpu_utilization: Option<f64>,
    /// Network bandwidth in MB/s
    pub network_bandwidth_mbps: Option<f64>,
    /// Disk I/O in MB/s
    pub disk_io_mbps: Option<f64>,
    /// Fraction of available threads busy (0-1)
    pub thread_utilization: Option<f64>,
    /// Bytes handed out by the allocator
    pub total_allocated_bytes: Option<u64>,
    /// Allocator fragmentation ratio (0-1)
    pub fragmentation_ratio: Option<f64>,
}

/// Robustness measurements obtained from deliberate perturbation experiments.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct RobustnessProbe<A: Float + Send + Sync> {
    /// Retained accuracy under input noise
    pub noise_tolerance: Option<A>,
    /// Retained accuracy under adversarial perturbation
    pub adversarial_robustness: Option<A>,
    /// Output sensitivity to a unit input perturbation
    pub perturbation_sensitivity: Option<A>,
    /// Fraction of performance recovered after a shock
    pub recovery_capability: Option<A>,
    /// Fraction of injected faults survived
    pub fault_tolerance: Option<A>,
}

impl<A: Float + Send + Sync> Default for RobustnessProbe<A> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            noise_tolerance: None,
            adversarial_robustness: None,
            perturbation_sensitivity: None,
            recovery_capability: None,
            fault_tolerance: None,
        }
    }
}

/// Most recent externally reported drift event.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct DriftReport<A: Float + Send + Sync> {
    magnitude: A,
    confidence: A,
    detection_latency: Duration,
    adaptation_effectiveness: Option<A>,
}

/// Rolling raw observations every aggregate metric is derived from.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct MetricsAccumulator<A: Float + Send + Sync> {
    window: usize,

    losses: VecDeque<A>,
    gradients: VecDeque<A>,
    latencies: VecDeque<Duration>,
    inter_arrival: VecDeque<Duration>,
    memory: VecDeque<u64>,
    gradient_times: VecDeque<Duration>,
    update_times: VecDeque<Duration>,
    communication_times: VecDeque<Duration>,
    queue_times: VecDeque<Duration>,

    first_timestamp: Option<SystemTime>,
    last_timestamp: Option<SystemTime>,
    first_loss: Option<A>,

    sample_count: u64,
    valid_sample_count: u64,
    peak_memory: u64,
    peak_rate: Option<f64>,
    min_rate: Option<f64>,

    // Welford accumulator over the loss stream, used for the anomaly z-score.
    loss_n: u64,
    loss_mean: f64,
    loss_m2: f64,
    anomaly_count: u64,

    slo_evaluated: u64,
    slo_met: u64,

    downtime: Duration,
    drift_events: u64,
    last_drift: Option<DriftReport<A>>,
    energy_joules: Option<f64>,

    resource_probe: Option<ResourceProbe>,
    robustness_probe: Option<RobustnessProbe<A>>,
}

fn push_capped<T>(queue: &mut VecDeque<T>, value: T, window: usize) {
    queue.push_back(value);
    while queue.len() > window {
        queue.pop_front();
    }
}

pub(crate) fn to_scalar<A: Float>(value: f64) -> A {
    A::from(value).unwrap_or_else(A::zero)
}

pub(crate) fn from_scalar<A: Float>(value: A) -> f64 {
    value.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0)
}

pub(crate) fn mean_f64(values: &[f64]) -> f64 {
    if values.is_empty() {
        return 0.0;
    }
    values.iter().sum::<f64>() / values.len() as f64
}

pub(crate) fn variance_f64(values: &[f64]) -> f64 {
    if values.len() < 2 {
        return 0.0;
    }
    let mean = mean_f64(values);
    values.iter().map(|v| (v - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / values.len() as f64
}

/// Ordinary-least-squares slope of `values` against their index.
pub(crate) fn ols_slope(values: &[f64]) -> f64 {
    let n = values.len();
    if n < 2 {
        return 0.0;
    }
    let x_mean = (n - 1) as f64 / 2.0;
    let y_mean = mean_f64(values);
    let mut numerator = 0.0;
    let mut denominator = 0.0;
    for (index, value) in values.iter().enumerate() {
        let dx = index as f64 - x_mean;
        numerator += dx * (value - y_mean);
        denominator += dx * dx;
    }
    if denominator == 0.0 {
        0.0
    } else {
        numerator / denominator
    }
}

/// Full latency statistics over a sample window, or `None` when empty.
pub(crate) fn duration_stats(samples: &VecDeque<Duration>) -> Option<LatencyStats> {
    if samples.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }
    let mut sorted: Vec<Duration> = samples.iter().copied().collect();
    sorted.sort();
    let last = sorted.len() - 1;
    let quantile = |q: f64| sorted[((sorted.len() as f64 * q) as usize).min(last)];

    let seconds: Vec<f64> = sorted.iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64()).collect();
    let mean_seconds = mean_f64(&seconds);
    let std_seconds = variance_f64(&seconds).sqrt();

    Some(LatencyStats {
        mean: Duration::from_secs_f64(mean_seconds.max(0.0)),
        median: quantile(0.50),
        p95: quantile(0.95),
        p99: quantile(0.99),
        p999: quantile(0.999),
        max: sorted[last],
        min: sorted[0],
        std_dev: Duration::from_secs_f64(std_seconds.max(0.0)),
    })
}

impl<A: Float + Send + Sync> MetricsAccumulator<A> {
    /// Create an accumulator retaining `window` observations per series.
    pub fn new(window: usize) -> Self {
        let window = window.max(2);
        Self {
            window,
            losses: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            gradients: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            latencies: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            inter_arrival: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            memory: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            gradient_times: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            update_times: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            communication_times: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            queue_times: VecDeque::with_capacity(window),
            first_timestamp: None,
            last_timestamp: None,
            first_loss: None,
            sample_count: 0,
            valid_sample_count: 0,
            peak_memory: 0,
            peak_rate: None,
            min_rate: None,
            loss_n: 0,
            loss_mean: 0.0,
            loss_m2: 0.0,
            anomaly_count: 0,
            slo_evaluated: 0,
            slo_met: 0,
            downtime: Duration::ZERO,
            drift_events: 0,
            last_drift: None,
            energy_joules: None,
            resource_probe: None,
            robustness_probe: None,
        }
    }

    /// Fold one sample into the rolling state.
    pub fn ingest(&mut self, sample: &MetricsSample<A>) {
        self.sample_count += 1;

        let loss = from_scalar(sample.loss);
        let gradient = from_scalar(sample.gradient_magnitude);
        if loss.is_finite() && gradient.is_finite() && gradient >= 0.0 {
            self.valid_sample_count += 1;
        }

        if self.first_timestamp.is_none() {
            self.first_timestamp = Some(sample.timestamp);
        }
        if self.first_loss.is_none() && loss.is_finite() {
            self.first_loss = Some(sample.loss);
        }

        if let Some(previous) = self.last_timestamp {
            let gap = saturating_elapsed(sample.timestamp, previous);
            push_capped(&mut self.inter_arrival, gap, self.window);
            let seconds = gap.as_secs_f64();
            if seconds > 0.0 {
                let rate = 1.0 / seconds;
                self.peak_rate = Some(self.peak_rate.map_or(rate, |p| p.max(rate)));
                self.min_rate = Some(self.min_rate.map_or(rate, |p| p.min(rate)));
            }
        }
        self.last_timestamp = Some(sample.timestamp);

        push_capped(&mut self.losses, sample.loss, self.window);
        push_capped(&mut self.gradients, sample.gradient_magnitude, self.window);
        push_capped(&mut self.latencies, sample.processing_time, self.window);
        push_capped(&mut self.memory, sample.memory_usage, self.window);
        self.peak_memory = self.peak_memory.max(sample.memory_usage);

        if let Some(value) = sample.gradient_computation_time {
            push_capped(&mut self.gradient_times, value, self.window);
        }
        if let Some(value) = sample.update_application_time {
            push_capped(&mut self.update_times, value, self.window);
        }
        if let Some(value) = sample.communication_time {
            push_capped(&mut self.communication_times, value, self.window);
        }
        if let Some(value) = sample.queue_wait_time {
            push_capped(&mut self.queue_times, value, self.window);
        }

        // Welford update plus anomaly counting against the *previous*
        // statistics, so a sample never suppresses its own anomaly score.
        if loss.is_finite() {
            let previous_std = self.loss_std();
            if self.loss_n >= 2 && previous_std > 0.0 {
                let z = (loss - self.loss_mean).abs() / previous_std;
                if z >= 3.0 {
                    self.anomaly_count += 1;
                }
            }
            self.loss_n += 1;
            let delta = loss - self.loss_mean;
            self.loss_mean += delta / self.loss_n as f64;
            self.loss_m2 += delta * (loss - self.loss_mean);
        }
    }

    fn loss_std(&self) -> f64 {
        if self.loss_n < 2 {
            0.0
        } else {
            (self.loss_m2 / self.loss_n as f64).sqrt()
        }
    }

    /// Robust z-score of the most recent loss against the running statistics.
    pub(crate) fn anomaly_score(&self) -> f64 {
        let Some(&latest) = self.losses.back() else {
            return 0.0;
        };
        let latest = from_scalar(latest);
        let std = self.loss_std();
        if !latest.is_finite() || std <= 0.0 {
            0.0
        } else {
            (latest - self.loss_mean).abs() / std
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn anomaly_frequency(&self) -> f64 {
        if self.loss_n == 0 {
            0.0
        } else {
            self.anomaly_count as f64 / self.loss_n as f64
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn observed_span(&self) -> Duration {
        match (self.first_timestamp, self.last_timestamp) {
            (Some(first), Some(last)) => saturating_elapsed(last, first),
            _ => Duration::ZERO,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn losses_f64(&self) -> Vec<f64> {
        self.losses.iter().map(|v| from_scalar(*v)).collect()
    }

    pub(crate) fn gradients_f64(&self) -> Vec<f64> {
        self.gradients.iter().map(|v| from_scalar(*v)).collect()
    }

    pub(crate) fn rates_f64(&self) -> Vec<f64> {
        self.inter_arrival
            .iter()
            .map(|d| d.as_secs_f64())
            .filter(|s| *s > 0.0)
            .map(|s| 1.0 / s)
            .collect()
    }

    pub(crate) fn total_processing_time(&self) -> f64 {
        self.latencies.iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64()).sum()
    }

    pub(crate) fn total_communication_time(&self) -> f64 {
        self.communication_times
            .iter()
            .map(|d| d.as_secs_f64())
            .sum()
    }

    /// Record an SLO evaluation outcome for the sample just ingested.
    pub(crate) fn record_slo_outcome(&mut self, met: bool) {
        self.slo_evaluated += 1;
        if met {
            self.slo_met += 1;
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn slo_compliance(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        if self.slo_evaluated == 0 {
            None
        } else {
            Some(self.slo_met as f64 / self.slo_evaluated as f64)
        }
    }

    /// Report observed downtime.
    pub fn record_outage(&mut self, downtime: Duration) {
        self.downtime = self.downtime.saturating_add(downtime);
    }

    pub(crate) fn availability(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        if self.downtime.is_zero() {
            // Without a single reported outage there is no evidence about
            // availability; reporting 100% would be an invention.
            return None;
        }
        let span = self.observed_span().as_secs_f64() + self.downtime.as_secs_f64();
        if span <= 0.0 {
            return None;
        }
        Some((span - self.downtime.as_secs_f64()) / span)
    }

    /// Report a detected concept-drift event.
    pub fn record_drift_event(
        &mut self,
        magnitude: A,
        confidence: A,
        detection_latency: Duration,
        adaptation_effectiveness: Option<A>,
    ) {
        self.drift_events += 1;
        self.last_drift = Some(DriftReport {
            magnitude,
            confidence,
            detection_latency,
            adaptation_effectiveness,
        });
    }

    /// Report measured energy consumption.
    pub fn record_energy(&mut self, joules: f64) {
        self.energy_joules = Some(self.energy_joules.unwrap_or(0.0) + joules);
    }

    pub fn record_resource_probe(&mut self, probe: ResourceProbe) {
        self.resource_probe = Some(probe);
    }

    pub fn record_robustness_probe(&mut self, probe: RobustnessProbe<A>) {
        self.robustness_probe = Some(probe);
    }
}

impl<A: Float + Default + Clone + std::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync> StreamingMetricsCollector<A> {
    pub(crate) fn update_performance_metrics(&mut self, sample: &MetricsSample<A>) -> Result<()> {
        let rates = self.accumulator.rates_f64();
        let losses = self.accumulator.losses_f64();
        let gradients = self.accumulator.gradients_f64();

        // ---- throughput -------------------------------------------------
        let throughput = &mut self.performance_metrics.throughput;
        if !rates.is_empty() {
            let mean_rate = mean_f64(&rates);
            throughput.samples_per_second = mean_rate;
            throughput.updates_per_second = mean_rate;
            throughput.gradients_per_second = mean_rate;
            throughput.throughput_variance = variance_f64(&rates);
            throughput.throughput_trend = ols_slope(&rates);
        }
        if let Some(peak) = self.accumulator.peak_rate {
            throughput.peak_throughput = peak;
        }
        if let Some(min) = self.accumulator.min_rate {
            throughput.min_throughput = min;
        }

        // ---- latency ----------------------------------------------------
        let latency = &mut self.performance_metrics.latency;
        if let Some(stats) = duration_stats(&self.accumulator.latencies) {
            latency.end_to_end = stats;
        }
        latency.gradient_computation = duration_stats(&self.accumulator.gradient_times);
        latency.update_application = duration_stats(&self.accumulator.update_times);
        latency.communication = duration_stats(&self.accumulator.communication_times);
        latency.queue_wait_time = duration_stats(&self.accumulator.queue_times);
        latency.jitter = {
            let seconds: Vec<f64> = self
                .accumulator
                .latencies
                .iter()
                .map(|d| d.as_secs_f64())
                .collect();
            if seconds.len() < 2 {
                0.0
            } else {
                seconds
                    .windows(2)
                    .map(|pair| (pair[1] - pair[0]).abs())
                    .sum::<f64>()
                    / (seconds.len() - 1) as f64
            }
        };

        // ---- accuracy / convergence --------------------------------------
        let span_seconds = self.accumulator.observed_span().as_secs_f64();
        let first_loss = self.accumulator.first_loss.map(from_scalar);
        let current_loss = from_scalar(sample.loss);
        let loss_slope = ols_slope(&losses);

        let accuracy = &mut self.performance_metrics.accuracy;
        accuracy.current_loss = sample.loss;
        accuracy.gradient_magnitude = sample.gradient_magnitude;
        accuracy.loss_reduction_rate = match (first_loss, span_seconds > 0.0) {
            (Some(first), true) => to_scalar((first - current_loss) / span_seconds),
            _ => A::zero(),
        };
        // Positive when the loss is trending down.
        accuracy.convergence_rate = to_scalar(-loss_slope);
        accuracy.prediction_accuracy = sample.custom_metrics.get("accuracy").copied();
        accuracy.parameter_stability = {
            let spread = variance_f64(&gradients).sqrt();
            to_scalar(1.0 / (1.0 + spread))
        };
        accuracy.learning_progress = match first_loss {
            Some(first) if first.abs() > f64::EPSILON => {
                to_scalar(((first - current_loss) / first.abs()).clamp(-1.0, 1.0))
            }
            _ => A::zero(),
        };

        // ---- stability ---------------------------------------------------
        let increases = losses.windows(2).filter(|pair| pair[1] > pair[0]).count() as f64;
        let sign_changes = losses
            .windows(3)
            .filter(|triple| {
                let first = triple[1] - triple[0];
                let second = triple[2] - triple[1];
                first * second < 0.0
            })
            .count() as f64;

        let stability = &mut self.performance_metrics.stability;
        stability.loss_variance = to_scalar(variance_f64(&losses));
        stability.gradient_variance = to_scalar(variance_f64(&gradients));
        stability.parameter_drift = to_scalar(mean_f64(&gradients));
        stability.oscillation_score = if losses.len() >= 3 {
            to_scalar(sign_changes / (losses.len() - 2) as f64)
        } else {
            A::zero()
        };
        stability.divergence_probability = if losses.len() >= 2 {
            to_scalar(increases / (losses.len() - 1) as f64)
        } else {
            A::zero()
        };
        stability.stability_confidence = {
            let mean_loss = mean_f64(&losses).abs();
            let spread = variance_f64(&losses).sqrt();
            if mean_loss > f64::EPSILON {
                to_scalar((1.0 - (spread / mean_loss)).clamp(0.0, 1.0))
            } else {
                A::zero()
            }
        };

        // ---- efficiency ---------------------------------------------------
        let processing_seconds = self.accumulator.total_processing_time();
        let communication_seconds = self.accumulator.total_communication_time();
        let memory_values: Vec<f64> = self
            .accumulator
            .memory
            .iter()
            .map(|bytes| *bytes as f64)
            .collect();
        let peak_memory = self.accumulator.peak_memory as f64;

        let efficiency = &mut self.performance_metrics.efficiency;
        efficiency.computational_efficiency = match (first_loss, processing_seconds > 0.0) {
            (Some(first), true) => Some(to_scalar((first - current_loss) / processing_seconds)),
            _ => None,
        };
        efficiency.memory_efficiency = if peak_memory > 0.0 && !memory_values.is_empty() {
            Some(to_scalar(mean_f64(&memory_values) / peak_memory))
        } else {
            None
        };
        efficiency.communication_efficiency =
            if !self.accumulator.communication_times.is_empty() && processing_seconds > 0.0 {
                Some(to_scalar(
                    (1.0 - communication_seconds / processing_seconds).clamp(0.0, 1.0),
                ))
            } else {
                None
            };
        efficiency.energy_efficiency = match (self.accumulator.energy_joules, first_loss) {
            (Some(joules), Some(first)) if joules > 0.0 => {
                Some(to_scalar((first - current_loss) / joules))
            }
            _ => None,
        };
        efficiency.resource_utilization = if span_seconds > 0.0 {
            to_scalar((processing_seconds / span_seconds).clamp(0.0, 1.0))
        } else {
            A::zero()
        };

        Ok(())
    }

    pub(crate) fn update_resource_metrics(&mut self, sample: &MetricsSample<A>) -> Result<()> {
        let memory_values: Vec<f64> = self
            .accumulator
            .memory
            .iter()
            .map(|bytes| *bytes as f64)
            .collect();
        let peak = self.accumulator.peak_memory;

        self.resource_metrics.memory_usage = MemoryUsage {
            total_allocated: self
                .accumulator
                .resource_probe
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|probe| probe.total_allocated_bytes),
            current_used: sample.memory_usage,
            peak_usage: peak,
            fragmentation_ratio: self
                .accumulator
                .resource_probe
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|probe| probe.fragmentation_ratio),
            // Rust is not garbage collected; there is no overhead to report.
            gc_overhead: None,
            efficiency: if peak > 0 && !memory_values.is_empty() {
                Some(mean_f64(&memory_values) / peak as f64)
            } else {
                None
            },
        };

        if let Some(probe) = self.accumulator.resource_probe.as_ref() {
            self.resource_metrics.cpu_utilization = probe.cpu_utilization;
            self.resource_metrics.gpu_utilization = probe.gpu_utilization;
            self.resource_metrics.network_bandwidth = probe.network_bandwidth_mbps;
            self.resource_metrics.disk_io = probe.disk_io_mbps;
            self.resource_metrics.thread_utilization = probe.thread_utilization;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    pub(crate) fn update_quality_metrics(&mut self, sample: &MetricsSample<A>) -> Result<()> {
        let losses = self.accumulator.losses_f64();
        let current_loss = from_scalar(sample.loss);
        let first_loss = self.accumulator.first_loss.map(from_scalar);

        self.quality_metrics.data_quality = if self.accumulator.sample_count == 0 {
            A::zero()
        } else {
            to_scalar(
                self.accumulator.valid_sample_count as f64 / self.accumulator.sample_count as f64,
            )
        };

        let validation_loss = sample
            .custom_metrics
            .get("val_loss")
            .copied()
            .map(from_scalar);
        let model_quality = &mut self.quality_metrics.model_quality;
        model_quality.training_quality = match first_loss {
            Some(first) if first.abs() > f64::EPSILON => {
                to_scalar(((first - current_loss) / first.abs()).clamp(0.0, 1.0))
            }
            _ => A::zero(),
        };
        model_quality.generalization_score = validation_loss.map(|validation| {
            // 1 when validation matches training loss, decaying as the gap grows.
            let gap = (validation - current_loss).abs();
            to_scalar(1.0 / (1.0 + gap))
        });
        model_quality.overfitting_score = validation_loss.map(|validation| {
            let denominator = current_loss.abs().max(f64::EPSILON);
            to_scalar(((validation - current_loss) / denominator).max(0.0))
        });
        model_quality.underfitting_score = validation_loss.map(|validation| {
            // Both losses high and close together indicates underfitting.
            let denominator = current_loss.abs().max(f64::EPSILON);
            let gap = ((validation - current_loss) / denominator).abs();
            match first_loss {
                Some(first) if first.abs() > f64::EPSILON => {
                    to_scalar(((current_loss / first.abs()) * (1.0 - gap)).clamp(0.0, 1.0))
                }
                _ => to_scalar((1.0 - gap).clamp(0.0, 1.0)),
            }
        });
        model_quality.complexity_score =
            sample
                .custom_metrics
                .get("parameter_count")
                .copied()
                .map(|count| {
                    let count = from_scalar(count).max(1.0);
                    to_scalar(count.ln() / (1.0 + count.ln()))
                });

        let span_seconds = self.accumulator.observed_span().as_secs_f64();
        let drift = &mut self.quality_metrics.concept_drift;
        drift.drift_frequency = if span_seconds > 0.0 {
            self.accumulator.drift_events as f64 / span_seconds
        } else {
            0.0
        };
        if let Some(report) = self.accumulator.last_drift.as_ref() {
            drift.drift_confidence = Some(report.confidence);
            drift.drift_magnitude = Some(report.magnitude);
            drift.detection_latency = Some(report.detection_latency);
            drift.adaptation_effectiveness = report.adaptation_effectiveness;
        }

        let anomaly = &mut self.quality_metrics.anomaly_detection;
        anomaly.anomaly_score = to_scalar(self.accumulator.anomaly_score());
        anomaly.anomaly_frequency = self.accumulator.anomaly_frequency();
        // The remaining anomaly metrics need labelled ground truth, which a
        // streaming collector never observes; they stay `None`.

        if let Some(probe) = self.accumulator.robustness_probe.as_ref() {
            self.quality_metrics.robustness = RobustnessMetrics {
                noise_tolerance: probe.noise_tolerance,
                adversarial_robustness: probe.adversarial_robustness,
                perturbation_sensitivity: probe.perturbation_sensitivity,
                recovery_capability: probe.recovery_capability,
                fault_tolerance: probe.fault_tolerance,
            };
        }

        let _ = losses;
        Ok(())
    }

    pub(crate) fn update_business_metrics(&mut self, sample: &MetricsSample<A>) -> Result<()> {
        if let Some(targets) = self.slo.clone() {
            let mut met = true;
            if let Some(limit) = targets.max_processing_time {
                met &= sample.processing_time <= limit;
            }
            if let Some(limit) = targets.max_loss {
                met &= from_scalar(sample.loss) <= limit;
            }
            if let Some(limit) = targets.max_memory_bytes {
                met &= sample.memory_usage <= limit;
            }
            self.accumulator.record_slo_outcome(met);
        }

        self.business_metrics.slo_compliance = self.accumulator.slo_compliance();
        self.business_metrics.availability = self.accumulator.availability();
        self.business_metrics.user_satisfaction =
            sample.custom_metrics.get("user_satisfaction").copied();

        if let Some(model) = self.cost_model.clone() {
            let compute_seconds = self.accumulator.total_processing_time();
            let memory_gb_hours = {
                let bytes: Vec<f64> = self
                    .accumulator
                    .memory
                    .iter()
                    .map(|value| *value as f64)
                    .collect();
                let mean_gb = mean_f64(&bytes) / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0);
                mean_gb * (self.accumulator.observed_span().as_secs_f64() / 3600.0)
            };
            let energy = self.accumulator.energy_joules;

            let computational_cost =
                to_scalar::<A>(compute_seconds) * model.compute_cost_per_second;
            let infrastructure_cost =
                to_scalar::<A>(memory_gb_hours) * model.memory_cost_per_gb_hour;
            let energy_cost = energy.map(|j| to_scalar::<A>(j) * model.energy_cost_per_joule);

            let first_loss = self.accumulator.first_loss.map(from_scalar);
            let loss_reduction = match first_loss {
                Some(first) => (first - from_scalar(sample.loss)).max(0.0),
                None => 0.0,
            };
            let business_value = to_scalar::<A>(loss_reduction) * model.value_per_loss_unit;
            let total =
                computational_cost + infrastructure_cost + energy_cost.unwrap_or_else(A::zero);

            self.business_metrics.cost_metrics = CostMetrics {
                computational_cost: Some(computational_cost),
                infrastructure_cost: Some(infrastructure_cost),
                energy_cost,
                // The value forgone by spending this compute elsewhere is the
                // value it produced here, at the margin.
                opportunity_cost: Some(business_value),
                total_cost: Some(total),
            };
            self.business_metrics.business_value = Some(business_value);
            self.performance_metrics.efficiency.cost_efficiency = if total > A::zero() {
                Some(business_value / total)
            } else {
                None
            };
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}