openrtc 2.8.0

OpenRTC: a Rust-first P2P runtime for device discovery, signaling, and iroh/QUIC networking.
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
//! Private transport-agnostic RFC 9420 group encryption for managed rooms.
//!
//! This module owns only MLS membership and application envelopes. The avenue
//! owner decides the authorized room membership and the Rust peer-session actor
//! still owns every physical route. A managed router sees these serialized MLS
//! messages but never receives the group state or plaintext.

use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
use chacha20poly1305::{
    aead::{Aead, KeyInit, Payload},
    XChaCha20Poly1305, XNonce,
};
use openmls::prelude::{tls_codec::*, *};
use openmls_basic_credential::SignatureKeyPair;
use openmls_rust_crypto::OpenMlsRustCrypto;
use zeroize::Zeroize;

const CIPHERSUITE: Ciphersuite = Ciphersuite::MLS_128_DHKEMX25519_CHACHA20POLY1305_SHA256_Ed25519;
const MAX_IDENTITY_BYTES: usize = 512;
const MAX_GROUP_ID_BYTES: usize = 512;
const MAX_PERSISTED_STATE_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
const MAX_STORAGE_ENTRIES: usize = 100_000;
const STATE_MAGIC: &[u8; 8] = b"ORTCMLS1";
const SEALED_STATE_MAGIC: &[u8; 8] = b"ORTCMLSE";
const SEALED_STATE_NONCE_BYTES: usize = 24;

/// One serialized membership change. `welcome` is present only when a member
/// is added. `epoch` is the committed MLS epoch after the local merge.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ManagedGroupCommit {
    pub commit: Vec<u8>,
    pub welcome: Option<Vec<u8>>,
    pub epoch: u64,
}

/// Private MLS state for one admitted OpenRTC room member.
///
/// The durable device identity is carried as the MLS basic credential. Callers
/// must admit that identity before accepting its KeyPackage; MLS does not
/// replace OpenRTC's avenue authorization.
pub struct ManagedGroupMember {
    provider: OpenMlsRustCrypto,
    signer: SignatureKeyPair,
    credential: CredentialWithKey,
    group: Option<MlsGroup>,
}

impl ManagedGroupMember {
    /// Create an MLS identity bound to the already-authenticated durable device
    /// identifier. No key material is exposed through the public SDK.
    pub fn new(device_id: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<Self> {
        let identity = device_id.as_ref();
        if identity.is_empty() || identity.len() > MAX_IDENTITY_BYTES {
            bail!("managed group identity must contain 1..={MAX_IDENTITY_BYTES} bytes");
        }

        let provider = OpenMlsRustCrypto::default();
        let signer = SignatureKeyPair::new(CIPHERSUITE.signature_algorithm())
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group signature key generation failed: {error:?}"))?;
        signer.store(provider.storage()).map_err(|error| {
            anyhow!("managed group signature key persistence failed: {error:?}")
        })?;
        let credential = CredentialWithKey {
            credential: BasicCredential::new(identity.to_vec()).into(),
            signature_key: signer.to_public_vec().into(),
        };

        Ok(Self {
            provider,
            signer,
            credential,
            group: None,
        })
    }

    /// Generate a fresh one-use KeyPackage. Its corresponding private material
    /// remains in this member's provider until a Welcome is processed.
    pub fn key_package(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        KeyPackage::builder()
            .build(
                CIPHERSUITE,
                &self.provider,
                &self.signer,
                self.credential.clone(),
            )
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group key package generation failed: {error:?}"))?
            .key_package()
            .tls_serialize_detached()
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group key package serialization failed: {error:?}"))
    }

    pub fn key_package_identity(key_package: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let provider = OpenMlsRustCrypto::default();
        let key_package = KeyPackageIn::tls_deserialize_exact(key_package)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group key package parse failed: {error:?}"))?
            .validate(provider.crypto(), ProtocolVersion::Mls10)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group key package validation failed: {error:?}"))?;
        Ok(key_package
            .leaf_node()
            .credential()
            .serialized_content()
            .to_vec())
    }

    /// Create the room's initial MLS epoch. This is separate from the room
    /// architecture epoch and advances only for cryptographic membership.
    pub fn create_group(&mut self, room_id: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<u64> {
        if self.group.is_some() {
            bail!("managed group member is already attached to a group");
        }
        let room_id = room_id.as_ref();
        if room_id.is_empty() || room_id.len() > MAX_GROUP_ID_BYTES {
            bail!("managed group id must contain 1..={MAX_GROUP_ID_BYTES} bytes");
        }

        let config = MlsGroupCreateConfig::builder()
            .ciphersuite(CIPHERSUITE)
            .use_ratchet_tree_extension(true)
            .build();
        let group = MlsGroup::new_with_group_id(
            &self.provider,
            &self.signer,
            &config,
            GroupId::from_slice(room_id),
            self.credential.clone(),
        )
        .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group creation failed: {error:?}"))?;
        let epoch = group.epoch().as_u64();
        self.group = Some(group);
        Ok(epoch)
    }

    /// Add one already-admitted member and advance the encryption epoch.
    pub fn add_member(&mut self, key_package: &[u8]) -> Result<ManagedGroupCommit> {
        self.add_members(&[key_package.to_vec()])
    }

    /// Batch already-admitted members into one tree update. Large rooms must
    /// not create one hosted coordination transaction and one MLS epoch per
    /// participant when a single authorized commit can carry the same change.
    pub fn add_members(&mut self, key_packages: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Result<ManagedGroupCommit> {
        if key_packages.is_empty() {
            bail!("managed group member add requires at least one KeyPackage");
        }
        let key_packages = key_packages
            .iter()
            .map(|key_package| {
                KeyPackageIn::tls_deserialize_exact(key_package)
                    .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group key package parse failed: {error:?}"))?
                    .validate(self.provider.crypto(), ProtocolVersion::Mls10)
                    .map_err(|error| {
                        anyhow!("managed group key package validation failed: {error:?}")
                    })
            })
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
        let Self {
            provider,
            signer,
            group,
            ..
        } = self;
        let group = group
            .as_mut()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group member is not attached to a group"))?;
        let (commit, welcome, _) = group
            .add_members(provider, signer, &key_packages)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group member add failed: {error:?}"))?;
        let commit = serialize_message(commit, "membership commit")?;
        let welcome = serialize_message(welcome, "membership welcome")?;
        group
            .merge_pending_commit(provider)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group local add commit failed: {error:?}"))?;
        Ok(ManagedGroupCommit {
            commit,
            welcome: Some(welcome),
            epoch: group.epoch().as_u64(),
        })
    }

    /// Reconcile the current tree to the avenue-authorized KeyPackage set in
    /// one MLS epoch. The caller supplies only authenticated room members.
    /// Existing members keep their current leaf; newly admitted members use
    /// their one-use KeyPackage and removed identities are revoked by the same
    /// commit, so room churn never exposes an intermediate encryption epoch.
    pub fn rekey_members(&mut self, key_packages: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Result<ManagedGroupCommit> {
        let Self {
            provider,
            signer,
            group,
            ..
        } = self;
        let group = group
            .as_mut()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group member is not attached to a group"))?;
        let validated = key_packages
            .iter()
            .map(|key_package| {
                KeyPackageIn::tls_deserialize_exact(key_package)
                    .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group key package parse failed: {error:?}"))?
                    .validate(provider.crypto(), ProtocolVersion::Mls10)
                    .map_err(|error| {
                        anyhow!("managed group key package validation failed: {error:?}")
                    })
            })
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
        let target_identities = validated
            .iter()
            .map(|key_package| {
                key_package
                    .leaf_node()
                    .credential()
                    .serialized_content()
                    .to_vec()
            })
            .collect::<std::collections::BTreeSet<_>>();
        if target_identities.len() != validated.len() {
            bail!("managed group reconciliation contains duplicate identities");
        }
        let current = group
            .members()
            .map(|member| {
                (
                    member.index,
                    member.credential.serialized_content().to_vec(),
                )
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        let current_identities = current
            .iter()
            .map(|(_, identity)| identity.clone())
            .collect::<std::collections::BTreeSet<_>>();

        let removals = current
            .iter()
            .filter(|(_, identity)| !target_identities.contains(identity))
            .map(|(index, _)| *index)
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        let additions = validated
            .iter()
            .filter(|key_package| {
                !current_identities
                    .contains(key_package.leaf_node().credential().serialized_content())
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        let membership_unchanged = removals.is_empty() && additions.is_empty();
        let bundle = group
            .commit_builder()
            .consume_proposal_store(false)
            .force_self_update(membership_unchanged)
            .propose_removals(removals)
            .propose_adds(additions.into_iter().cloned())
            .load_psks(provider.storage())
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group reconciliation PSK load failed: {error:?}"))?
            .build(provider.rand(), provider.crypto(), signer, |_| true)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group reconciliation commit failed: {error:?}"))?
            .stage_commit(provider)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group reconciliation staging failed: {error:?}"))?;
        let commit =
            serialize_message(bundle.commit().clone(), "membership reconciliation commit")?;
        let welcome = bundle
            .to_welcome_msg()
            .map(|message| serialize_message(message, "membership reconciliation welcome"))
            .transpose()?;
        group
            .merge_pending_commit(provider)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group reconciliation merge failed: {error:?}"))?;
        Ok(ManagedGroupCommit {
            commit,
            welcome,
            epoch: group.epoch().as_u64(),
        })
    }

    /// Join from a Welcome produced by the authorized group committer.
    pub fn join_group(&mut self, welcome: &[u8]) -> Result<u64> {
        if self.group.is_some() {
            bail!("managed group member is already attached to a group");
        }
        let message = MlsMessageIn::tls_deserialize_exact(welcome)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group welcome parse failed: {error:?}"))?;
        let welcome = match message.extract() {
            MlsMessageBodyIn::Welcome(welcome) => welcome,
            _ => bail!("managed group join requires an MLS Welcome"),
        };
        let staged = StagedWelcome::new_from_welcome(
            &self.provider,
            &MlsGroupJoinConfig::default(),
            welcome,
            None,
        )
        .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group welcome validation failed: {error:?}"))?;
        let group = staged
            .into_group(&self.provider)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group join failed: {error:?}"))?;
        let epoch = group.epoch().as_u64();
        self.group = Some(group);
        Ok(epoch)
    }

    /// Remove one member by its authenticated credential bytes and advance the
    /// encryption epoch. The removed member cannot decrypt later epochs.
    pub fn remove_member(&mut self, device_id: &[u8]) -> Result<ManagedGroupCommit> {
        let Self {
            provider,
            signer,
            group,
            ..
        } = self;
        let group = group
            .as_mut()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group member is not attached to a group"))?;
        let member = group
            .members()
            .find(|member| member.credential.serialized_content() == device_id)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group member is not present"))?;
        let (commit, welcome, _) = group
            .remove_members(provider, signer, &[member.index])
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group member removal failed: {error:?}"))?;
        if welcome.is_some() {
            bail!("managed group removal unexpectedly produced a Welcome");
        }
        let commit = serialize_message(commit, "removal commit")?;
        group
            .merge_pending_commit(provider)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group local removal commit failed: {error:?}"))?;
        Ok(ManagedGroupCommit {
            commit,
            welcome: None,
            epoch: group.epoch().as_u64(),
        })
    }

    /// Apply an authenticated membership commit from another admitted member.
    pub fn apply_commit(&mut self, commit: &[u8]) -> Result<u64> {
        let message = protocol_message(commit, "membership commit")?;
        let Self {
            provider, group, ..
        } = self;
        let group = group
            .as_mut()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group member is not attached to a group"))?;
        let processed = group
            .process_message(provider, message)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group commit verification failed: {error:?}"))?;
        let staged = match processed.into_content() {
            ProcessedMessageContent::StagedCommitMessage(staged) => staged,
            _ => bail!("managed group expected an MLS membership commit"),
        };
        group
            .merge_staged_commit(provider, *staged)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group commit merge failed: {error:?}"))?;
        Ok(group.epoch().as_u64())
    }

    /// Encrypt one application envelope for content-blind duplication.
    pub fn seal(&mut self, payload: &[u8], associated_data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let Self {
            provider,
            signer,
            group,
            ..
        } = self;
        let group = group
            .as_mut()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group member is not attached to a group"))?;
        group.set_aad(associated_data.to_vec());
        let message = group
            .create_message(provider, signer, payload)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group encryption failed: {error:?}"))?;
        serialize_message(message, "application message")
    }

    /// Verify and decrypt one application envelope from the current MLS epoch.
    pub fn open(&mut self, message: &[u8], associated_data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let message = protocol_message(message, "application message")?;
        let Self {
            provider, group, ..
        } = self;
        let group = group
            .as_mut()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group member is not attached to a group"))?;
        let processed = group
            .process_message(provider, message)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group decryption failed: {error:?}"))?;
        if processed.aad() != associated_data {
            bail!("managed group associated data mismatch");
        }
        match processed.into_content() {
            ProcessedMessageContent::ApplicationMessage(application) => {
                Ok(application.into_bytes())
            }
            _ => bail!("managed group expected an MLS application message"),
        }
    }

    pub fn encryption_epoch(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        self.group.as_ref().map(|group| group.epoch().as_u64())
    }

    pub fn member_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.group
            .as_ref()
            .map(|group| group.members().count())
            .unwrap_or_default()
    }

    pub fn member_identities(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
        self.group
            .as_ref()
            .map(|group| {
                group
                    .members()
                    .map(|member| member.credential.serialized_content().to_vec())
                    .collect()
            })
            .unwrap_or_default()
    }

    /// Export one encrypted, opaque restart snapshot. The wrapping key is
    /// supplied by the existing platform-private device store and never leaves
    /// the Rust/WASM owner. The returned bytes are safe for chunked host
    /// persistence; they contain no plaintext MLS state.
    pub fn seal_persisted_state(&self, wrapping_key: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let mut plaintext = self.serialize_persisted_state()?;
        let mut nonce = [0_u8; SEALED_STATE_NONCE_BYTES];
        getrandom::getrandom(&mut nonce)
            .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group state nonce generation failed: {error}"))?;
        let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(wrapping_key.into());
        let associated_data = persisted_state_aad(self.credential.credential.serialized_content());
        let encrypted = cipher
            .encrypt(
                XNonce::from_slice(&nonce),
                Payload {
                    msg: &plaintext,
                    aad: &associated_data,
                },
            )
            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("managed group state encryption failed"));
        plaintext.zeroize();
        let encrypted = encrypted?;
        let mut sealed = Vec::with_capacity(
            SEALED_STATE_MAGIC.len() + SEALED_STATE_NONCE_BYTES + encrypted.len(),
        );
        sealed.extend_from_slice(SEALED_STATE_MAGIC);
        sealed.extend_from_slice(&nonce);
        sealed.extend_from_slice(&encrypted);
        Ok(sealed)
    }

    /// Restore a previously sealed snapshot for exactly the authenticated
    /// durable device identity. Tampering, key mismatch, identity mismatch,
    /// oversized state, and incomplete OpenMLS storage all fail closed.
    pub fn restore_persisted_state(
        device_id: impl AsRef<[u8]>,
        wrapping_key: &[u8; 32],
        sealed: &[u8],
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let identity = device_id.as_ref();
        if identity.is_empty() || identity.len() > MAX_IDENTITY_BYTES {
            bail!("managed group identity must contain 1..={MAX_IDENTITY_BYTES} bytes");
        }
        if sealed.len() <= SEALED_STATE_MAGIC.len() + SEALED_STATE_NONCE_BYTES
            || sealed.len() > MAX_PERSISTED_STATE_BYTES
            || &sealed[..SEALED_STATE_MAGIC.len()] != SEALED_STATE_MAGIC
        {
            bail!("managed group sealed state is invalid");
        }
        let nonce_start = SEALED_STATE_MAGIC.len();
        let ciphertext_start = nonce_start + SEALED_STATE_NONCE_BYTES;
        let cipher = XChaCha20Poly1305::new(wrapping_key.into());
        let associated_data = persisted_state_aad(identity);
        let mut plaintext = cipher
            .decrypt(
                XNonce::from_slice(&sealed[nonce_start..ciphertext_start]),
                Payload {
                    msg: &sealed[ciphertext_start..],
                    aad: &associated_data,
                },
            )
            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("managed group sealed state authentication failed"))?;
        let restored = Self::deserialize_persisted_state(identity, &plaintext);
        plaintext.zeroize();
        restored
    }

    fn serialize_persisted_state(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let identity = self.credential.credential.serialized_content();
        let public_key = self.signer.public();
        let group_id = self
            .group
            .as_ref()
            .map(|group| group.group_id().as_slice())
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let mut entries = self
            .provider
            .storage()
            .values
            .read()
            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("managed group storage is unavailable"))?
            .iter()
            .map(|(key, value)| (key.clone(), value.clone()))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        entries.sort_by(|left, right| left.0.cmp(&right.0));
        if entries.len() > MAX_STORAGE_ENTRIES {
            bail!("managed group storage entry capacity exceeded");
        }
        let mut output = Vec::new();
        output.extend_from_slice(STATE_MAGIC);
        write_field(&mut output, identity)?;
        write_field(&mut output, public_key)?;
        write_field(&mut output, group_id)?;
        write_u32(&mut output, entries.len())?;
        for (key, value) in entries {
            write_field(&mut output, &key)?;
            write_field(&mut output, &value)?;
            if output.len() > MAX_PERSISTED_STATE_BYTES {
                bail!("managed group persisted state capacity exceeded");
            }
        }
        Ok(output)
    }

    fn deserialize_persisted_state(expected_identity: &[u8], bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Self> {
        if bytes.len() > MAX_PERSISTED_STATE_BYTES || !bytes.starts_with(STATE_MAGIC) {
            bail!("managed group persisted state is invalid");
        }
        let mut cursor = STATE_MAGIC.len();
        let identity = read_field(bytes, &mut cursor, MAX_IDENTITY_BYTES)?;
        if identity != expected_identity {
            bail!("managed group persisted identity mismatch");
        }
        let public_key = read_field(bytes, &mut cursor, 512)?;
        let group_id = read_field(bytes, &mut cursor, MAX_GROUP_ID_BYTES)?;
        let entry_count = read_u32(bytes, &mut cursor)?;
        if entry_count > MAX_STORAGE_ENTRIES {
            bail!("managed group persisted storage entry capacity exceeded");
        }

        let provider = OpenMlsRustCrypto::default();
        {
            let mut values = provider
                .storage()
                .values
                .write()
                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("managed group storage is unavailable"))?;
            for _ in 0..entry_count {
                let key = read_field(bytes, &mut cursor, MAX_PERSISTED_STATE_BYTES)?;
                let value = read_field(bytes, &mut cursor, MAX_PERSISTED_STATE_BYTES)?;
                if values.insert(key, value).is_some() {
                    bail!("managed group persisted storage contains duplicate entries");
                }
            }
        }
        if cursor != bytes.len() {
            bail!("managed group persisted state has trailing bytes");
        }
        let signer = SignatureKeyPair::read(
            provider.storage(),
            &public_key,
            CIPHERSUITE.signature_algorithm(),
        )
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group persisted signer is unavailable"))?;
        let credential = CredentialWithKey {
            credential: BasicCredential::new(identity).into(),
            signature_key: public_key.into(),
        };
        let group = if group_id.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            MlsGroup::load(provider.storage(), &GroupId::from_slice(&group_id))
                .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group persisted state load failed: {error:?}"))?
                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group persisted state is incomplete"))?
                .into()
        };
        Ok(Self {
            provider,
            signer,
            credential,
            group,
        })
    }
}

fn persisted_state_aad(identity: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut aad = b"openrtc-managed-group-state-v1:".to_vec();
    aad.extend_from_slice(identity);
    aad
}

fn write_u32(output: &mut Vec<u8>, value: usize) -> Result<()> {
    let value = u32::try_from(value)
        .map_err(|_| anyhow!("managed group persisted state length exceeds u32"))?;
    output.extend_from_slice(&value.to_be_bytes());
    Ok(())
}

fn write_field(output: &mut Vec<u8>, value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
    write_u32(output, value.len())?;
    output.extend_from_slice(value);
    Ok(())
}

fn read_u32(bytes: &[u8], cursor: &mut usize) -> Result<usize> {
    let end = cursor
        .checked_add(4)
        .filter(|end| *end <= bytes.len())
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group persisted state is truncated"))?;
    let value = u32::from_be_bytes(
        bytes[*cursor..end]
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("managed group persisted length is invalid"))?,
    ) as usize;
    *cursor = end;
    Ok(value)
}

fn read_field(bytes: &[u8], cursor: &mut usize, max_len: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let len = read_u32(bytes, cursor)?;
    if len > max_len {
        bail!("managed group persisted field capacity exceeded");
    }
    let end = cursor
        .checked_add(len)
        .filter(|end| *end <= bytes.len())
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("managed group persisted state is truncated"))?;
    let value = bytes[*cursor..end].to_vec();
    *cursor = end;
    Ok(value)
}

fn serialize_message(message: MlsMessageOut, label: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
    message
        .tls_serialize_detached()
        .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group {label} serialization failed: {error:?}"))
}

fn protocol_message(bytes: &[u8], label: &str) -> Result<ProtocolMessage> {
    MlsMessageIn::tls_deserialize_exact(bytes)
        .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group {label} parse failed: {error:?}"))?
        .try_into_protocol_message()
        .map_err(|error| anyhow!("managed group {label} is not a protocol message: {error:?}"))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn add_encrypt_revoke_advances_only_the_encryption_epoch() {
        let mut host = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-host").unwrap();
        let mut viewer = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-viewer").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(host.create_group("room-1").unwrap(), 0);

        let key_package = viewer.key_package().unwrap();
        let add = host.add_member(&key_package).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(add.epoch, 1);
        assert_eq!(
            viewer.join_group(add.welcome.as_deref().unwrap()).unwrap(),
            1
        );
        assert_eq!(host.member_count(), 2);
        assert_eq!(viewer.member_count(), 2);

        let encrypted = host.seal(b"room-state", b"room-1:message-1").unwrap();
        assert_ne!(encrypted, b"room-state");
        assert_eq!(
            viewer.open(&encrypted, b"room-1:message-1").unwrap(),
            b"room-state"
        );

        let removal = host.remove_member(b"device-viewer").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(removal.epoch, 2);
        assert_eq!(host.member_count(), 1);
        assert_eq!(viewer.apply_commit(&removal.commit).unwrap(), 2);
        assert_eq!(viewer.member_count(), 1);

        let after_revocation = host.seal(b"host-only", b"room-1:message-2").unwrap();
        assert!(viewer.open(&after_revocation, b"room-1:message-2").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_wrong_aad_and_unattached_use() {
        let mut host = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-host").unwrap();
        assert!(host.seal(b"payload", b"aad").is_err());
        host.create_group("room-1").unwrap();
        let encrypted = host.seal(b"payload", b"expected").unwrap();

        let mut other = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-other").unwrap();
        assert!(other.join_group(&encrypted).is_err());
        assert!(host.open(&encrypted, b"wrong").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn sealed_restart_state_preserves_group_and_rejects_wrong_owner_or_key() {
        let wrapping_key = [7_u8; 32];
        let mut host = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-host").unwrap();
        let mut viewer = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-viewer").unwrap();
        host.create_group("room-restart").unwrap();
        let add = host.add_member(&viewer.key_package().unwrap()).unwrap();
        viewer.join_group(add.welcome.as_deref().unwrap()).unwrap();

        let host_state = host.seal_persisted_state(&wrapping_key).unwrap();
        let viewer_state = viewer.seal_persisted_state(&wrapping_key).unwrap();
        assert!(!host_state
            .windows(b"device-host".len())
            .any(|window| window == b"device-host"));
        assert!(ManagedGroupMember::restore_persisted_state(
            "device-other",
            &wrapping_key,
            &host_state,
        )
        .is_err());
        assert!(ManagedGroupMember::restore_persisted_state(
            "device-host",
            &[8_u8; 32],
            &host_state,
        )
        .is_err());

        let mut host =
            ManagedGroupMember::restore_persisted_state("device-host", &wrapping_key, &host_state)
                .unwrap();
        let mut viewer = ManagedGroupMember::restore_persisted_state(
            "device-viewer",
            &wrapping_key,
            &viewer_state,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(host.member_count(), 2);
        assert_eq!(viewer.encryption_epoch(), Some(1));
        let encrypted = host.seal(b"after-restart", b"room-restart:1").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            viewer.open(&encrypted, b"room-restart:1").unwrap(),
            b"after-restart"
        );

        let removal = host.remove_member(b"device-viewer").unwrap();
        viewer.apply_commit(&removal.commit).unwrap();
        let encrypted = host.seal(b"revoked", b"room-restart:2").unwrap();
        assert!(viewer.open(&encrypted, b"room-restart:2").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn reconcile_members_adds_and_revokes_in_one_epoch() {
        let mut host = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-host").unwrap();
        let mut departing = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-departing").unwrap();
        let mut joining = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-joining").unwrap();
        host.create_group("room-churn").unwrap();
        let initial = host.add_member(&departing.key_package().unwrap()).unwrap();
        departing
            .join_group(initial.welcome.as_deref().unwrap())
            .unwrap();

        let epoch_before = host.encryption_epoch().unwrap();
        let target = vec![host.key_package().unwrap(), joining.key_package().unwrap()];
        let update = host.rekey_members(&target).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(update.epoch, epoch_before + 1);
        assert_eq!(
            host.member_identities()
                .into_iter()
                .collect::<std::collections::BTreeSet<_>>(),
            [b"device-host".to_vec(), b"device-joining".to_vec()]
                .into_iter()
                .collect(),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            departing.apply_commit(&update.commit).unwrap(),
            update.epoch
        );
        assert_eq!(
            joining
                .join_group(update.welcome.as_deref().unwrap())
                .unwrap(),
            update.epoch,
        );
        let encrypted = host.seal(b"current-members-only", b"room-churn:2").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            joining.open(&encrypted, b"room-churn:2").unwrap(),
            b"current-members-only",
        );
        assert!(departing.open(&encrypted, b"room-churn:2").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn unchanged_members_still_rotate_one_epoch_for_committer_failover() {
        let mut host = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-host").unwrap();
        host.create_group("room-rekey").unwrap();
        let epoch_before = host.encryption_epoch().unwrap();

        let update = host.rekey_members(&[host.key_package().unwrap()]).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(update.epoch, epoch_before + 1);
        assert!(update.welcome.is_none());
        assert_eq!(host.member_identities(), vec![b"device-host".to_vec()]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[ignore = "explicit large-room crypto scale lane"]
    fn one_thousand_members_share_one_bounded_membership_commit() {
        let started = std::time::Instant::now();
        let mut host = ManagedGroupMember::new("device-0000").unwrap();
        host.create_group("room-1000").unwrap();
        let key_packages = (1..1_000)
            .map(|index| {
                ManagedGroupMember::new(format!("device-{index:04}"))
                    .unwrap()
                    .key_package()
                    .unwrap()
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        let commit = host.add_members(&key_packages).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(commit.epoch, 1);
        assert_eq!(host.member_count(), 1_000);
        assert!(commit.welcome.is_some());
        eprintln!(
            "1,000-member MLS commit bytes={} welcome bytes={}",
            commit.commit.len(),
            commit.welcome.as_ref().map(Vec::len).unwrap_or_default(),
        );
        let sealed_state = host.seal_persisted_state(&[9_u8; 32]).unwrap();
        eprintln!("sealed 1,000-member MLS state bytes={}", sealed_state.len());
        assert!(sealed_state.len() <= MAX_PERSISTED_STATE_BYTES);
        assert!(
            started.elapsed() < std::time::Duration::from_secs(30),
            "1,000-member MLS batch exceeded the 30-second local crypto bound"
        );
    }
}