Ontolius

Empower analysis with terms and hierarchy of biomedical ontologies.

Examples

We provide examples of loading ontology and its subsequent usage in applications.

🪄🪄🪄 Load HPO

ontolius can load HPO from Obographs JSON file. For the sake of this example, we use flate2 to decompress gzipped JSON on the fly:

We can load the JSON file as follows:

use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufReader;

use flate2::bufread::GzDecoder;
use ontolius::io::OntologyLoaderBuilder;
use ontolius::ontology::csr::MinimalCsrOntology;

// Load a toy Obographs file from the repo
let path = "resources/hp.small.json.gz";

// Configure the loader to parse the input as an Obographs file
let loader = OntologyLoaderBuilder::new()
                .obographs_parser()
                .build();

let reader = GzDecoder::new(BufReader::new(File::open(path).unwrap()));
let hpo: MinimalCsrOntology = loader.load_from_read(reader)
                                .expect("HPO should be loaded");

Note: Ontolius does not depend on flate2. It's up to you to provide the loader with proper data 😱

We loaded an ontology from a toy JSON file. During the load, each term is assigned a numeric index and the indices are used as vertices of the ontology graph.

As the name suggests, the hierarchy graph of MinimalCsrOntology is backed by an adjacency matrix in compressed sparse row (CSR) format. However, the backing data structure should be treated as an implementation detail. Note that MinimalCsrOntology implements the [crate::ontology::Ontology] trait which is the API the client code should use.

Now let's move on to the example usage.

🤸🤸🤸 Use HPO

In the previous section, we loaded an ontology from Obographs JSON file. Now we have an instance of [crate::ontology::Ontology] that can be used for various tasks.

Note, we will import the prelude [crate::prelude] to reduce the import boilerplate.

Work with ontology terms

[crate::ontology::Ontology] acts as a container of terms to support retrieval of specific terms by its index or TermId, and to iterate over all terms and TermIds.

We can get a term by its TermId:

# use std::fs::File;
# use std::io::BufReader;
# use flate2::bufread::GzDecoder;
# use ontolius::io::OntologyLoaderBuilder;
# use ontolius::ontology::csr::MinimalCsrOntology;
# let loader = OntologyLoaderBuilder::new().obographs_parser().build();
# let reader = GzDecoder::new(BufReader::new(File::open("resources/hp.small.json.gz").unwrap()));
# let hpo: MinimalCsrOntology = loader.load_from_read(reader)
#                                    .expect("HPO should be loaded");
#
use ontolius::prelude::*;

// `HP:0001250` corresponds to `Arachnodactyly``
let term_id: TermId = ("HP", "0001166").into();

// Get the term by its term ID and check the name. 
let term = hpo.id_to_term(&term_id).expect("Arachnodactyly should be present");

assert_eq!(term.name(), "Arachnodactyly");

or iterate over the all ontology terms or their corresponding term IDs:

# use std::fs::File;
# use std::io::BufReader;
# use flate2::bufread::GzDecoder;
# use ontolius::io::OntologyLoaderBuilder;
# use ontolius::ontology::csr::MinimalCsrOntology;
# let loader = OntologyLoaderBuilder::new().obographs_parser().build();
# let reader = GzDecoder::new(BufReader::new(File::open("resources/hp.small.json.gz").unwrap()));
# let hpo: MinimalCsrOntology = loader.load_from_read(reader)
#                                    .expect("HPO should be loaded");
#
use ontolius::prelude::*;

// The toy HPO contains 614 terms and primary term ids,
let terms: Vec<_> = hpo.iter_terms().collect();
assert_eq!(terms.len(), 614);
assert_eq!(hpo.iter_term_ids().count(), 614);

// and the total of 1121 term ids (primary + obsolete)
assert_eq!(hpo.iter_all_term_ids().count(), 1121);

See [crate::ontology::HierarchyAware] for more details.

Browse the hierarchy

ontolius models the ontology hierarchy using the [crate::hierarchy::OntologyHierarchy] trait, an instance of which is available from Ontology. The hierarchy is represented as a directed acyclic graph that is built from is_a relationships. The graph vertices correspond to term indices (not TermIds) that are determined when the ontology is built.

All methods of the ontology hierarchy operate in the term index space. The indices have all properties of TermIds, and can, therefore, be used in lieu of the TermIds.

Let's see how to use the ontology hierarchy. For instance, to get the parent terms of a term.

# use std::fs::File;
# use std::io::BufReader;
# use flate2::bufread::GzDecoder;
# use ontolius::io::OntologyLoaderBuilder;
# use ontolius::ontology::csr::MinimalCsrOntology;
# let loader = OntologyLoaderBuilder::new().obographs_parser().build();
# let reader = GzDecoder::new(BufReader::new(File::open("resources/hp.small.json.gz").unwrap()));
# let hpo: MinimalCsrOntology = loader.load_from_read(reader)
#                                    .expect("HPO should be loaded");
#
use ontolius::prelude::*;

let hierarchy = hpo.hierarchy();

let arachnodactyly: TermId = ("HP", "0001166").into();

let idx = hpo.id_to_idx(&arachnodactyly)
            .expect("Arachnodacyly should be in HPO");
let parents: Vec<_> = hierarchy.iter_parents_of(idx)
                        .flat_map(|idx| hpo.idx_to_term(idx))
                        .collect();
let names: Vec<_> = parents.iter().map(|term| term.name()).collect();
assert_eq!(vec!["Slender finger", "Long fingers"], names);

Similar methods exist for getting ancestors, children, and descendent terms. See [crate::hierarchy::OntologyHierarchy] for more details.

That's it for now.

Features

Ontolius includes several features, with the features marked by (*) being enabled by default:

• obographs (*) - support loading Ontology from Obographs JSON file
• pyo3 - add PyO3 bindings to selected data structs to support using from Python

Run tests

The tests can be run by invoking:

cargo test

Run benches

We use criterion for crate benchmarks.

Run the following to run the bench suite:

cargo bench

The benchmark report will be written into the target/criterion/report directory.