num-runtime-fmt 0.1.1

//! This module contains implementations of [`Numeric`][crate::Numeric] for several types, plus helpers which can
//! ease implementation for your own type.

use std::ops::{BitAnd, ShrAssign};

macro_rules! impl_iter {
    ($iter:ident) => {
        impl<N> $iter<N> {
            /// Create a new digit iterator for this value.
            ///
            /// Note also that the trait bounds specified here are only necessary and enforced when
            /// compiled in debug mode. They enable a debug assertion.
            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
            pub fn new(n: N) -> Self
            where
                N: Default + PartialOrd,
            {
                assert!(n >= N::default(), "n must not be negative");
                $iter(n)
            }

            /// Create a new digit iterator for this value.
            #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
            pub fn new(n: N) -> Self {
                $iter(n)
            }
        }

        impl<N> Iterator for $iter<N>
        where
            N: Clone + From<u8> + BitAnd<Output = N> + ShrAssign + PartialEq,
        {
            type Item = char;

            fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
                if self.0 == 0.into() {
                    return None;
                }
                let digit = self.0.clone() & Self::MASK.into();
                self.0 >>= Self::WIDTH.into();
                // this isn't an _efficient_ approach, but it avoids needing a bound to convert
                // from N to u8, which won't always be implemented for interesting types.
                //
                // A custom runtime formatting library can be excused a few inefficiencies.
                for maybe_digit in 0..=Self::MASK {
                    if digit == maybe_digit.into() {
                        if maybe_digit < 10 {
                            return Some((maybe_digit + b'0') as char);
                        } else {
                            return Some((maybe_digit - 10 + b'a') as char);
                        }
                    }
                }
                panic!(
                    "no digit matched when computing {}",
                    std::any::type_name::<$iter<N>>()
                );
            }
        }
    };
}

/// Iterator over binary digits of `N`.
pub struct BinIter<N>(N);

impl<N> BinIter<N> {
    const WIDTH: u8 = 1;
    const MASK: u8 = 1;
}

impl_iter!(BinIter);

/// Iterator over octal digits of `N`.
pub struct OctIter<N>(N);

impl<N> OctIter<N> {
    const WIDTH: u8 = 3;
    const MASK: u8 = 0b0111;
}

impl_iter!(OctIter);

/// Iterator over hexadecimal digits of `N`.
pub struct HexIter<N>(N);

impl<N> HexIter<N> {
    const WIDTH: u8 = 4;
    const MASK: u8 = 0b1111;
}

impl_iter!(HexIter);

/// Iterator over the decimal digits of a number.
///
/// This implementation defers to the standard `format!` macro to determine the digits of the number.
pub struct DecIter(Vec<char>);

impl DecIter {
    /// Create iterators over the digits of a number left and right of the decimal respectively.
    ///
    /// Note that `n` must not be negative in order for this to work properly.
    /// If `n` has a type which can possibly be negative, take its absolute value manually.
    ///
    /// This implementation defers to the standard `format!` machinery to actually encode the number
    /// as decimal.
    ///
    /// The left iterator handles digits of magnitude >= 1; the right iterator handles fractional digits.
    pub fn new<N>(n: N) -> (DecIter, Option<DecIter>)
    where
        N: ToString,
    {
        let s = n.to_string();
        debug_assert!(s.chars().all(|c| c == '.' || ('0'..='9').contains(&c)));
        debug_assert!(s.chars().filter(|&c| c == '.').count() <= 1);
        let mut found_decimal = false;
        let (left, mut right): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = s.chars().partition(|&c| {
            found_decimal |= c == '.';
            !found_decimal
        });

        // reverse so we pop in the correct sequence
        right.reverse();
        // eliminate the decimal from the list
        right.pop();

        let right = if right.is_empty() || right == ['0'] {
            None
        } else {
            Some(DecIter(right))
        };
        (DecIter(left), right)
    }
}

impl Iterator for DecIter {
    type Item = char;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.0.pop()
    }
}

macro_rules! impl_for {
    (unsigned_int $type:ident) => {
        mod $type {
            use super::{BinIter, DecIter, HexIter, OctIter};
            use crate::Numeric;

            impl Numeric for $type {
                type BinIter = BinIter<$type>;
                type OctIter = OctIter<$type>;
                type DecLeftIter = DecIter;
                type DecRightIter = DecIter;
                type HexIter = HexIter<$type>;

                fn binary(&self) -> Option<Self::BinIter> {
                    Some(BinIter::new(*self))
                }

                fn octal(&self) -> Option<Self::OctIter> {
                    Some(OctIter::new(*self))
                }

                fn hex(&self) -> Option<Self::HexIter> {
                    Some(HexIter::new(*self))
                }

                fn decimal(&self) -> (Self::DecLeftIter, Option<Self::DecRightIter>) {
                    DecIter::new(*self)
                }

                fn is_negative(&self) -> bool {
                    false
                }
            }
        }
    };
    (signed_int $type:ident) => {
        mod $type {
            use super::{BinIter, DecIter, HexIter, OctIter};
            use crate::Numeric;

            impl Numeric for $type {
                type BinIter = BinIter<$type>;
                type OctIter = OctIter<$type>;
                type DecLeftIter = DecIter;
                type DecRightIter = DecIter;
                type HexIter = HexIter<$type>;

                fn binary(&self) -> Option<Self::BinIter> {
                    Some(BinIter::new(*self))
                }

                fn octal(&self) -> Option<Self::OctIter> {
                    Some(OctIter::new(*self))
                }

                fn hex(&self) -> Option<Self::HexIter> {
                    Some(HexIter::new(*self))
                }

                fn decimal(&self) -> (Self::DecLeftIter, Option<Self::DecRightIter>) {
                    DecIter::new(self.abs())
                }

                fn is_negative(&self) -> bool {
                    *self < 0
                }
            }
        }
    };
    (float $type:ident) => {
        mod $type {
            use super::DecIter;
            use crate::Numeric;
            use std::iter::Empty;

            impl Numeric for $type {
                type BinIter = Empty<char>;
                type OctIter = Empty<char>;
                type DecLeftIter = DecIter;
                type DecRightIter = DecIter;
                type HexIter = Empty<char>;

                fn binary(&self) -> Option<Self::BinIter> {
                    None
                }

                fn octal(&self) -> Option<Self::OctIter> {
                    None
                }

                fn hex(&self) -> Option<Self::HexIter> {
                    None
                }

                fn decimal(&self) -> (Self::DecLeftIter, Option<Self::DecRightIter>) {
                    DecIter::new(self.abs())
                }

                fn is_negative(&self) -> bool {
                    *self < 0.0
                }
            }
        }
    };
}

impl_for!(unsigned_int u8);
impl_for!(unsigned_int u16);
impl_for!(unsigned_int u32);
impl_for!(unsigned_int u64);
impl_for!(unsigned_int u128);
impl_for!(unsigned_int usize);
// TODO: impl for i8
impl_for!(signed_int i16);
impl_for!(signed_int i32);
impl_for!(signed_int i64);
impl_for!(signed_int i128);
impl_for!(signed_int isize);
impl_for!(float f32);
impl_for!(float f64);

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    macro_rules! suite_for {
        (dec: int $( $type_int:ident ),+ ; float $( $type_float:ident ),+ ) => {
            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
            mod DecIter {
                use super::super::DecIter as Iter;
                use std::convert::TryInto;

                $(
                    #[test]
                    fn $type_int() {
                        // don't check 0: that needs special casing for all these impls
                        for n in 1..=$type_int::MAX.min(1024.try_into().unwrap_or($type_int::MAX)) {
                            let expect = format!("{}", n);
                            let (left, right) = Iter::new(n);
                            assert!(right.is_none(), "ints should not have a fractional part");

                            let mut digits: Vec<_> = left.map(|d| d.to_string()).collect();
                            digits.reverse();
                            let actual = digits.join("");
                            dbg!(&actual, &expect);
                            assert_eq!(actual, expect);
                        }
                    }
                )+

                $(
                    #[test]
                    fn $type_float() {
                        // don't check 0: that needs special casing for all these impls
                        for n in 1..=1024 {
                            let n = n as $type_float / 20.0;
                            let expect = format!("{}", n);
                            let (left, right) = Iter::new(n);

                            let mut actual: Vec<_> = left.map(|d| d.to_string()).collect();
                            actual.reverse();
                            if let Some(right) = right {
                                actual.push('.'.into());
                                actual.extend(right.map(|d| d.to_string()));
                            }

                            let actual = actual.join("");
                            dbg!(&actual, &expect);
                            assert_eq!(actual, expect);
                        }
                    }
                )+
            }
        };
        ($iter:ident, $fmt:literal, $( $test_type:ident ),+) => {
            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
            mod $iter {
                use super::super::$iter as Iter;
                use std::convert::TryInto;

                $(
                    #[test]
                    fn $test_type() {
                        // don't check 0: that needs special casing for all these impls
                        for n in 1..=$test_type::MAX.min(1024.try_into().unwrap_or($test_type::MAX)) {
                            let expect = format!($fmt, n);
                            let mut digits: Vec<_> = Iter::new(n).map(|d| d.to_string()).collect();
                            digits.reverse();
                            let actual = digits.join("");
                            dbg!(&actual, &expect);
                            assert_eq!(actual, expect);
                        }
                    }
                )+
            }
        };
    }

    // we don't test `i8` because it doesn't implement From<u8>.
    // however, circumstantial evidence suggests that the implementation would probably work fine.

    suite_for!(BinIter, "{:b}", u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize);
    suite_for!(OctIter, "{:o}", u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize);
    suite_for!(HexIter, "{:x}", u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize);
    suite_for!(dec: int u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize; float f32, f64);
}