num-modular 0.6.1

use crate::{DivExact, ModularUnaryOps};

/// Pre-computing the modular inverse for fast divisibility check.
///
/// This struct stores the modular inverse of a divisor, and a limit for divisibility check.
/// See <https://math.stackexchange.com/a/1251328> for the explanation of the trick
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct PreModInv<T> {
    d_inv: T, // modular inverse of divisor
    q_lim: T, // limit of residue
}

macro_rules! impl_preinv_for_prim_int {
    ($t:ident, $ns:ident) => {
        mod $ns {
            use super::*;
            use crate::word::$t::*;

            impl PreModInv<$t> {
                /// Construct the preinv instance with raw values.
                ///
                /// This function can be used to initialize preinv in a constant context, the divisor d
                /// is required only for verification of d_inv and q_lim.
                #[inline]
                pub const fn new(d_inv: $t, q_lim: $t) -> Self {
                    Self { d_inv, q_lim }
                }

                // check if the divisor is consistent in debug mode
                #[inline]
                fn debug_check(&self, d: $t) {
                    debug_assert!(d % 2 != 0, "only odd divisors are supported");
                    debug_assert!(d.wrapping_mul(self.d_inv) == 1);
                    debug_assert!(self.q_lim * d > (<$t>::MAX - d));
                }
            }

            impl From<$t> for PreModInv<$t> {
                #[inline]
                fn from(v: $t) -> Self {
                    use crate::word::$t::*;

                    debug_assert!(v % 2 != 0, "only odd divisors are supported");
                    let d_inv = extend(v).invm(&merge(0, 1)).unwrap() as $t;
                    let q_lim = <$t>::MAX / v;
                    Self { d_inv, q_lim }
                }
            }

            impl DivExact<$t, PreModInv<$t>> for $t {
                type Output = $t;
                #[inline]
                fn div_exact(self, d: $t, pre: &PreModInv<$t>) -> Option<Self> {
                    pre.debug_check(d);
                    let q = self.wrapping_mul(pre.d_inv);
                    if q <= pre.q_lim {
                        Some(q)
                    } else {
                        None
                    }
                }
            }

            impl DivExact<$t, PreModInv<$t>> for DoubleWord {
                type Output = DoubleWord;

                #[inline]
                fn div_exact(self, d: $t, pre: &PreModInv<$t>) -> Option<Self::Output> {
                    pre.debug_check(d);

                    // this implementation comes from GNU factor,
                    // see https://math.stackexchange.com/q/4436380/815652 for explanation

                    let (n0, n1) = split(self);
                    let q0 = n0.wrapping_mul(pre.d_inv);
                    let nr0 = wmul(q0, d);
                    let nr0 = split(nr0).1;
                    if nr0 > n1 {
                        return None;
                    }
                    let nr1 = n1 - nr0;
                    let q1 = nr1.wrapping_mul(pre.d_inv);
                    if q1 > pre.q_lim {
                        return None;
                    }
                    Some(merge(q0, q1))
                }
            }
        }
    };
}
impl_preinv_for_prim_int!(u8, u8_impl);
impl_preinv_for_prim_int!(u16, u16_impl);
impl_preinv_for_prim_int!(u32, u32_impl);
impl_preinv_for_prim_int!(u64, u64_impl);
impl_preinv_for_prim_int!(usize, usize_impl);

// XXX: unchecked div_exact can be introduced by not checking the q_lim,
//      investigate this after `exact_div` is introduced or removed from core lib
//      https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/85122

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use rand::random;

    #[test]
    fn div_exact_test() {
        const N: u8 = 100;
        for _ in 0..N {
            // u8 test
            let d = random::<u8>() | 1;
            let pre: PreModInv<_> = d.into();

            let n: u8 = random();
            let expect = if n % d == 0 { Some(n / d) } else { None };
            assert_eq!(n.div_exact(d, &pre), expect, "{} / {}", n, d);
            let n: u16 = random();
            let expect = if n % (d as u16) == 0 {
                Some(n / (d as u16))
            } else {
                None
            };
            assert_eq!(n.div_exact(d, &pre), expect, "{} / {}", n, d);

            // u16 test
            let d = random::<u16>() | 1;
            let pre: PreModInv<_> = d.into();

            let n: u16 = random();
            let expect = if n % d == 0 { Some(n / d) } else { None };
            assert_eq!(n.div_exact(d, &pre), expect, "{} / {}", n, d);
            let n: u32 = random();
            let expect = if n % (d as u32) == 0 {
                Some(n / (d as u32))
            } else {
                None
            };
            assert_eq!(n.div_exact(d, &pre), expect, "{} / {}", n, d);

            // u32 test
            let d = random::<u32>() | 1;
            let pre: PreModInv<_> = d.into();

            let n: u32 = random();
            let expect = if n % d == 0 { Some(n / d) } else { None };
            assert_eq!(n.div_exact(d, &pre), expect, "{} / {}", n, d);
            let n: u64 = random();
            let expect = if n % (d as u64) == 0 {
                Some(n / (d as u64))
            } else {
                None
            };
            assert_eq!(n.div_exact(d, &pre), expect, "{} / {}", n, d);

            // u64 test
            let d = random::<u64>() | 1;
            let pre: PreModInv<_> = d.into();

            let n: u64 = random();
            let expect = if n % d == 0 { Some(n / d) } else { None };
            assert_eq!(n.div_exact(d, &pre), expect, "{} / {}", n, d);
            let n: u128 = random();
            let expect = if n % (d as u128) == 0 {
                Some(n / (d as u128))
            } else {
                None
            };
            assert_eq!(n.div_exact(d, &pre), expect, "{} / {}", n, d);
        }
    }
}