nulid_derive

Derive macros for types that wrap Nulid.

This crate provides procedural macros to automatically implement common traits for newtype wrappers around Nulid, eliminating boilerplate code.

Features

Core Traits

The Id derive macro automatically implements:

• TryFrom<String> - Parse from owned String
• TryFrom<&str> - Parse from string slice
• From<Nulid> - Create wrapper from Nulid
• From<WrapperType> for Nulid - Extract inner Nulid
• AsRef<Nulid> - Borrow inner Nulid
• Deref<Target = Nulid> - Direct access to all Nulid methods
• DerefMut - Mutable access to inner Nulid
• core::fmt::Display - Format as Base32 string
• core::fmt::Debug - Debug formatting
• core::str::FromStr - Parse from string using .parse()
• Copy - Value semantics (automatically provides Clone)
• PartialEq and Eq - Equality comparison with other wrappers
• PartialEq<Nulid> - Direct equality comparison with Nulid
• PartialOrd and Ord - Ordering comparison with other wrappers
• PartialOrd<Nulid> - Direct ordering comparison with Nulid
• Hash - Hashing support for collections
• Default - Creates a default instance with Nulid::ZERO

Constructor Methods

It also provides:

• new() method - Creates a new instance with a freshly generated Nulid
• now() method - Alias for new()
• nil() method - Creates a nil/zero instance
• min() method - Returns the minimum possible instance
• max() method - Returns the maximum possible instance
• from_datetime(SystemTime) - Creates from specific time
• from_nanos(u128, u64) - Creates from timestamp and random
• from_u128(u128) - Creates from raw u128
• from_bytes([u8; 16]) - Creates from byte array

Feature-Gated Traits

When the corresponding features are enabled, additional trait implementations are automatically generated:

serde feature

• Serialize - Serialization support for JSON, bincode, etc.
• Deserialize - Deserialization support

[dependencies]
# The 'serde' feature is automatically propagated to nulid_derive
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "serde"] }

use nulid::Id;
use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};

#[derive(Id)]  // Automatically implements Serialize + Deserialize
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

fn main() -> nulid::Result<()> {
    let user_id = UserId::new()?;

    // Serialize to JSON
    let json = serde_json::to_string(&user_id)?;

    // Deserialize from JSON
    let parsed: UserId = serde_json::from_str(&json)?;

    Ok(())
}

chrono feature

• chrono_datetime() method - Convert to chrono::DateTime<Utc>
• from_chrono_datetime(DateTime<Utc>) method - Create from chrono DateTime

[dependencies]
# The 'chrono' feature is automatically propagated to nulid_derive
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "chrono"] }

use nulid::Id;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};

#[derive(Id)]  // Automatically implements chrono methods
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

fn main() -> nulid::Result<()> {
    let user_id = UserId::new()?;

    // Convert to chrono DateTime
    let dt: DateTime<Utc> = user_id.chrono_datetime();
    println!("User ID timestamp: {}", dt);

    // Create from chrono DateTime
    let now = Utc::now();
    let user_id2 = UserId::from_chrono_datetime(now)?;

    Ok(())
}

uuid feature

• From<uuid::Uuid> - Convert from UUID
• Into<uuid::Uuid> - Convert to UUID
• to_uuid() method - Convert to UUID
• from_uuid(Uuid) method - Create from UUID

[dependencies]
# The 'uuid' feature is automatically propagated to nulid_derive
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "uuid"] }

use nulid::Id;
use uuid::Uuid;

#[derive(Id)]  // Automatically implements UUID conversions
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

fn main() -> nulid::Result<()> {
    let user_id = UserId::new()?;

    // Convert to UUID
    let uuid = user_id.to_uuid();

    // Convert from UUID
    let from_uuid = UserId::from_uuid(uuid);

    // Using From/Into traits
    let uuid2: Uuid = user_id.into();
    let user_id2: UserId = uuid.into();

    Ok(())
}

sqlx feature

• Type<Postgres> - PostgreSQL type support
• Encode<Postgres> - Encoding for PostgreSQL
• Decode<Postgres> - Decoding from PostgreSQL
• PgHasArrayType - Array type support

[dependencies]
# The 'sqlx' feature is automatically propagated to nulid_derive
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "sqlx"] }
sqlx = { version = "0.8", features = ["postgres", "uuid"] }

use nulid::Id;
use sqlx::PgPool;

#[derive(Id)]  // Automatically implements SQLx traits
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

#[derive(sqlx::FromRow)]
struct User {
    id: UserId,  // Can be used directly in SQLx queries!
    name: String,
}

async fn insert_user(pool: &PgPool, id: UserId, name: &str) -> sqlx::Result<()> {
    sqlx::query("INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES ($1, $2)")
        .bind(id)  // UserId can be bound directly
        .bind(name)
        .execute(pool)
        .await?;
    Ok(())
}

postgres-types feature

• FromSql - Deserialize from PostgreSQL
• ToSql - Serialize to PostgreSQL

[dependencies]
# The 'postgres-types' feature is automatically propagated to nulid_derive
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "postgres-types"] }
postgres-types = "0.2"

use nulid::Id;
use postgres_types::{ToSql, FromSql};

#[derive(Id)]  // Automatically implements ToSql + FromSql
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

// Can now be used with the postgres crate
// let row = client.query_one("SELECT id FROM users WHERE id = $1", &[&user_id])?;

proto feature

• to_proto() method - Convert to protobuf message
• from_proto(ProtoNulid) method - Create from protobuf message
• From<WrapperType> for ProtoNulid - Convert to protobuf
• From<ProtoNulid> for WrapperType - Convert from protobuf

[dependencies]
# The 'proto' feature is automatically propagated to nulid_derive
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "proto"] }
prost = "0.14"

use nulid::Id;
use nulid::proto::nulid::Nulid as ProtoNulid;
use prost::Message;

#[derive(Id)]  // Automatically implements protobuf conversions
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

fn main() -> nulid::Result<()> {
    let user_id = UserId::new()?;

    // Convert to protobuf message
    let proto = user_id.to_proto();

    // Encode to bytes
    let encoded = proto.encode_to_vec();

    // Decode from bytes
    let decoded = ProtoNulid::decode(&*encoded).unwrap();

    // Convert back to UserId
    let user_id2 = UserId::from_proto(decoded);

    // Using From/Into traits
    let proto2: ProtoNulid = user_id.into();
    let user_id3: UserId = proto2.into();

    Ok(())
}

Feature Propagation

Important: When you enable the derive feature along with other features (like serde, uuid, sqlx, postgres-types, proto, or chrono) on the nulid crate, those features are automatically propagated to nulid_derive. You don't need to enable them separately on both crates.

#  Correct - features are automatically propagated to nulid_derive
[dependencies]
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "serde", "uuid", "sqlx"] }

#  Not necessary - you don't need to enable features on nulid_derive manually
[dependencies]
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "serde"] }
nulid_derive = { version = "0.5", features = ["serde"] }  # This is redundant

This automatic propagation works for all feature-gated traits:

• serde → enables Serialize and Deserialize implementations
• chrono → enables chrono DateTime conversion methods
• uuid → enables UUID conversion traits
• sqlx → enables SQLx PostgreSQL traits
• postgres-types → enables FromSql and ToSql traits
• proto → enables Protocol Buffers conversion methods

Basic Usage

Add this to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive"] }

Then use the derive macro on your wrapper types:

use nulid::{Nulid, Id};

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(Nulid);

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct OrderId(pub Nulid);

fn main() -> nulid::Result<()> {
    // Create new ID with fresh NULID
    let user_id = UserId::new()?;

    // Create default ID (ZERO)
    let default_id = UserId::default();

    // Parse from &str
    let user_id2 = UserId::try_from("01H0JQ4VEFSBV974PRXXWEK5ZW")?;

    // Parse from String
    let user_id3 = UserId::try_from("01H0JQ4VEFSBV974PRXXWEK5ZW".to_string())?;

    // Parse using FromStr
    let user_id4: UserId = "01H0JQ4VEFSBV974PRXXWEK5ZW".parse()?;

    // Create from Nulid
    let nulid = Nulid::new()?;
    let order_id = OrderId::from(nulid);

    // Extract inner Nulid
    let back_to_nulid: Nulid = order_id.into();

    // Borrow inner Nulid
    let nulid_ref: &Nulid = order_id.as_ref();

    // Display as string
    println!("User ID: {}", user_id);

    // Direct comparison with Nulid
    assert_eq!(order_id, nulid);
    assert!(order_id <= nulid);

    // Access Nulid methods directly via Deref
    let nanos = user_id.nanos();
    let random = user_id.random();
    let (timestamp, rand) = user_id.parts();
    println!("Timestamp: {}, Random: {}", timestamp, rand);

    Ok(())
}

Direct Access to Nulid Methods

With Deref and DerefMut traits, wrapper types can directly access all Nulid methods without needing to extract or dereference the inner value:

use nulid::Id;

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

fn main() -> nulid::Result<()> {
    let user_id = UserId::new()?;

    // Access timestamp methods directly
    let nanos = user_id.nanos();           // Get nanoseconds
    let micros = user_id.micros();         // Get microseconds
    let millis = user_id.millis();         // Get milliseconds
    let seconds = user_id.seconds();       // Get seconds
    let subsec = user_id.subsec_nanos();   // Get subsecond nanoseconds

    // Access random component
    let random = user_id.random();

    // Get both parts
    let (timestamp, rand) = user_id.parts();

    // Convert to different formats
    let as_u128 = user_id.as_u128();
    let as_bytes = user_id.to_bytes();

    // Check if nil
    let default_id = UserId::default();
    assert!(default_id.is_nil());
    assert!(!user_id.is_nil());

    // All Nulid methods are available directly on UserId!
    Ok(())
}

Requirements

The derive macro requires:

1. The type must be a tuple struct
2. It must have exactly one field
3. That field must be of type Nulid

Valid examples:

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(Nulid);           //  Private field

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct OrderId(pub Nulid);      //  Public field

Invalid examples:

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId {                 //  Not a tuple struct
    nulid: Nulid,
}

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(Nulid, String);   //  Multiple fields

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(String);          //  Wrong type

Type Safety

Using wrapper types provides type safety by preventing accidental mixing of different ID types:

use nulid::{Nulid, Id};

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(Nulid);

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct OrderId(Nulid);

fn process_user(id: UserId) { /* ... */ }
fn process_order(id: OrderId) { /* ... */ }

let user_id = UserId::from(Nulid::new()?);
let order_id = OrderId::from(Nulid::new()?);

process_user(user_id);   //  Correct type
// process_user(order_id);  //  Compile error: expected UserId, found OrderId

Error Handling

All parsing methods return Result<T, nulid::Error>, allowing proper error handling:

use nulid::{Error, Id};

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

match UserId::try_from("invalid-string") {
    Ok(id) => println!("Parsed: {}", id),
    Err(Error::InvalidLength { expected, found }) => {
        eprintln!("Wrong length: expected {}, got {}", expected, found);
    }
    Err(Error::InvalidChar(ch, pos)) => {
        eprintln!("Invalid character '{}' at position {}", ch, pos);
    }
    Err(e) => eprintln!("Parse error: {}", e),
}

Integration with Other Traits

The derive macro works well with other derive macros and automatically provides feature-gated trait implementations:

use nulid::{Nulid, Id};

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(Nulid);

// Standard traits are automatically implemented:
// Debug, Copy (Clone), PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord

// With features enabled, additional traits are automatically implemented:
// - serde feature: Serialize, Deserialize
// - chrono feature: chrono_datetime(), from_chrono_datetime()
// - uuid feature: From<Uuid>, Into<Uuid>
// - sqlx feature: Type<Postgres>, Encode, Decode
// - postgres-types feature: FromSql, ToSql
// - proto feature: to_proto(), from_proto(), From<ProtoNulid>

Combining Multiple Features

You can enable multiple features at once to get all the trait implementations you need:

[dependencies]
nulid = { version = "0.5", features = ["derive", "serde", "uuid", "sqlx", "chrono", "proto"] }

use nulid::Id;

#[derive(Id)]
pub struct UserId(nulid::Nulid);

// Now UserId automatically implements:
// - All core traits (Debug, Copy, PartialEq, etc.)
// - Serde traits (Serialize, Deserialize)
// - Chrono methods (chrono_datetime(), from_chrono_datetime())
// - UUID conversions (From<Uuid>, Into<Uuid>)
// - SQLx traits (Type<Postgres>, Encode, Decode)
// - Proto methods (to_proto(), from_proto())
// Plus all the constructor methods (new, nil, min, max, etc.)

Examples

See the examples directory in the nulid repository for more usage examples.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.