novel 0.4.2

my web framework.
Documentation 
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pub mod server;
mod context;
mod handler;
mod catcher;
pub mod http;
pub mod routing;
pub mod state;
pub mod error;
// pub mod logging;

extern crate serde;
#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_json;
#[macro_use]
extern crate mime;
#[macro_use]
extern crate log;

pub use context::Context;
pub use server::{Server};
pub use handler::Handler;
pub use routing::Router;
pub use catcher::{Catcher, CatcherImpl};
pub use cookie;

use std::ops::{Bound, RangeBounds};
#[macro_use]
extern crate bitflags;

trait StringUtils {
    fn substring(&self, start: usize, len: usize) -> &str;
    fn slice(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> &str;
}

impl StringUtils for str {
    fn substring(&self, start: usize, len: usize) -> &str {
        let mut char_pos = 0;
        let mut byte_start = 0;
        let mut it = self.chars();
        loop {
            if char_pos == start { break; }
            if let Some(c) = it.next() {
                char_pos += 1;
                byte_start += c.len_utf8();
            }
            else { break; }
        }
        char_pos = 0;
        let mut byte_end = byte_start;
        loop {
            if char_pos == len { break; }
            if let Some(c) = it.next() {
                char_pos += 1;
                byte_end += c.len_utf8();
            }
            else { break; }
        }
        &self[byte_start..byte_end]
    }
    fn slice(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> &str {
        let start = match range.start_bound() {
            Bound::Included(bound) | Bound::Excluded(bound) => *bound,
            Bound::Unbounded => 0,
        };
        let len = match range.end_bound() {
            Bound::Included(bound) => *bound + 1,
            Bound::Excluded(bound) => *bound,
            Bound::Unbounded => self.len(),
        } - start;
        self.substring(start, len)
    }
}

#[derive(Clone)]
enum _Protocol {
    Http,
    Https,
}

/// Protocol used to serve content.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Protocol(_Protocol);

impl Protocol {
    /// Plaintext HTTP/1
    pub fn http() -> Protocol {
        Protocol(_Protocol::Http)
    }

    /// HTTP/1 over SSL/TLS
    pub fn https() -> Protocol {
        Protocol(_Protocol::Https)
    }

    /// Returns the name used for this protocol in a URI's scheme part.
    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
        match self.0 {
            _Protocol::Http => "http",
            _Protocol::Https => "https",
        }
    }
}