//! Helpers for (de)serializing plist values from untyped XML
//!
//! This is essentially glue between the `plist` crate and the `quick_xml` crate.
//! It allows plist values, dictionaries and arrays to be used inside types that
//! derive Deserialize/Serialize.

use base64::{engine::general_purpose::STANDARD as base64_standard, Engine};
use plist::{Dictionary, Value};
use serde::ser::SerializeStruct;
use serde::{Deserializer, Serializer};

/// Deserialize a plist Dictionary
///
/// This relies on the specific structure presented by the quick_xml crate and
/// is likely not suited to other formats.
pub(crate) fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Dictionary, D::Error>
where
    D: Deserializer<'de>,
{
    deserializer.deserialize_map(de::ValueVisitor::DictOnly).map(|x| x.into_dictionary().unwrap())
}

mod de {
    use super::*;
    use serde::de::{Error as DeError, Visitor};
    use serde::Deserialize;
    use std::fmt::Display;
    use std::marker::PhantomData;
    use std::str::FromStr;

    struct DictWrapper(Dictionary);

    struct ValueWrapper(Value);

    struct ArrayWrapper(Vec<Value>);

    struct IntWrapper(plist::Integer);

    /// The literal keyword 'key'.
    struct KeyKeywordLiteral;

    /// PLIST value keywords
    ///
    /// We use types for keywords, with custom deserialize impls, to avoid needing
    /// to transiently allocate strings each time we encounter them. :shrug:
    enum ValueKeyword {
        Dict,
        Array,
        Integer,
        Real,
        String,
        Data,
        Date,
        True,
        False,
    }

    // the logic for deserializing a dict is a subset of the general deser logic,
    // so we reuse this type for both cases.
    pub(super) enum ValueVisitor {
        AnyValue,
        DictOnly,
    }

    impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for ValueVisitor {
        type Value = Value;

        fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
            match self {
                ValueVisitor::AnyValue => formatter.write_str("plist value"),
                ValueVisitor::DictOnly => formatter.write_str("plist dictionary"),
            }
        }

        fn visit_map<A>(self, mut map: A) -> Result<Self::Value, A::Error>
        where
            A: serde::de::MapAccess<'de>,
            A::Error: DeError,
        {
            match read_xml_value(&mut map, matches!(self, ValueVisitor::DictOnly)) {
                Ok(Some(val)) => Ok(val),
                Ok(None) => Err(A::Error::custom("expected value")),
                Err(e) => Err(e),
            }
        }
    }

    /// shared helper for deserializing a plist value from the serde map repr used by quick_xml
    ///
    /// if `dict_only` is true, this will reject values that are not dicts.
    fn read_xml_value<'de, A>(map: &mut A, dict_only: bool) -> Result<Option<Value>, A::Error>
    where
        A: serde::de::MapAccess<'de>,
        A::Error: DeError,
    {
        let value = match map.next_key::<ValueKeyword>()? {
            Some(ValueKeyword::Dict) => {
                map.next_value::<DictWrapper>().map(|x| Value::Dictionary(x.0))
            }
            Some(other) if dict_only => {
                Err(A::Error::custom(format!("expected 'dict', found '{other}'")))
            }
            Some(ValueKeyword::String) => map.next_value::<String>().map(Value::String),
            Some(ValueKeyword::Array) => {
                map.next_value::<ArrayWrapper>().map(|x| Value::Array(x.0))
            }
            Some(ValueKeyword::Data) => {
                //FIXME: remove this + base64 dep when/if we merge
                //<https://github.com/ebarnard/rust-plist/pull/122>
                let b64_str = map.next_value::<&str>()?;
                base64_standard
                    .decode(b64_str)
                    .map(Value::Data)
                    .map_err(|e| A::Error::custom(format!("Invalid XML data: '{e}'")))
            }
            Some(ValueKeyword::Date) => {
                let date_str = map.next_value::<&str>()?;
                plist::Date::from_xml_format(date_str).map_err(A::Error::custom).map(Value::Date)
            }
            Some(ValueKeyword::Real) => map.next_value::<f64>().map(Value::Real),
            Some(ValueKeyword::Integer) => {
                map.next_value::<IntWrapper>().map(|x| Value::Integer(x.0))
            }
            Some(kw @ ValueKeyword::True | kw @ ValueKeyword::False) => {
                // there's no value, but we need to call this to not confuse the parser
                let _ = map.next_value::<()>();
                Ok(Value::Boolean(matches!(kw, ValueKeyword::True)))
            }
            None => return Ok(None),
        };
        value.map(Some)
    }

    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ValueWrapper {
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
        where
            D: Deserializer<'de>,
        {
            deserializer.deserialize_any(ValueVisitor::AnyValue).map(ValueWrapper)
        }
    }

    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for DictWrapper {
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
        where
            D: Deserializer<'de>,
        {
            // read a key in the form, "<key>SomeKey</key>"
            fn read_key<'de, A>(map: &mut A) -> Result<Option<String>, A::Error>
            where
                A: serde::de::MapAccess<'de>,
                A::Error: DeError,
            {
                match map.next_key::<KeyKeywordLiteral>()? {
                    Some(_) => map.next_value(),
                    None => Ok(None),
                }
            }

            struct DictVisitor;

            impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for DictVisitor {
                type Value = Dictionary;

                fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
                    formatter.write_str("plist dictionary")
                }

                fn visit_map<A>(self, mut map: A) -> Result<Self::Value, A::Error>
                where
                    A: serde::de::MapAccess<'de>,
                {
                    let mut dict = plist::Dictionary::new();
                    // each logical key/value pair is two xml key/value pairs,
                    // where the first is the key and the second is the value.
                    while let Some(key) = read_key(&mut map)? {
                        // if we read a key it's an error for the value to be missing
                        let value = read_xml_value(&mut map, false)?
                            .ok_or_else(|| A::Error::custom("expected value"))?;
                        dict.insert(key, value);
                    }
                    Ok(dict)
                }
            }

            deserializer.deserialize_map(DictVisitor).map(DictWrapper)
        }
    }

    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ArrayWrapper {
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
        where
            D: Deserializer<'de>,
        {
            struct ArrayVisitor;

            impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for ArrayVisitor {
                type Value = Vec<Value>;

                fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
                    formatter.write_str("plist array")
                }

                fn visit_map<A>(self, mut map: A) -> Result<Self::Value, A::Error>
                where
                    A: serde::de::MapAccess<'de>,
                {
                    let mut array = Vec::with_capacity(map.size_hint().unwrap_or_default());
                    while let Some(value) = read_xml_value(&mut map, false)? {
                        array.push(value)
                    }
                    Ok(array)
                }
            }

            // NOTE: in quick_xml our arrays are represented as maps, where the key
            // is the tag and the content is the value.
            deserializer.deserialize_map(ArrayVisitor).map(ArrayWrapper)
        }
    }

    // a bit of over-engineering to match the semantics of Apple/the plist crate
    //
    // TL;DR: we deserialize hex values, but always as unsigned values.
    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for IntWrapper {
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
        where
            D: Deserializer<'de>,
        {
            struct IntegerVisitor;

            impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for IntegerVisitor {
                type Value = plist::Integer;

                fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
                    formatter.write_str("plist integer. NOTE: this currently expects the to only be used with the quick-xml crate, otherwise you'll need to impl more visitor methods")
                }

                // taken from the plist crate, under MIT license:
                // <https://docs.rs/plist/latest/src/plist/integer.rs.html#29>
                fn visit_str<E>(self, s: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
                where
                    E: DeError,
                {
                    if s.starts_with("0x") {
                        // NetBSD dialect adds the `0x` numeric objects,
                        // which are always unsigned.
                        // See the `PROP_NUMBER(3)` man page
                        let s = s.trim_start_matches("0x");
                        u64::from_str_radix(s, 16).map(Into::into).map_err(E::custom)
                    } else {
                        // Match Apple's implementation in CFPropertyList.h - always try to parse as an i64 first.
                        // TODO: Use IntErrorKind once stable and retry parsing on overflow only.
                        Ok(match s.parse::<i64>() {
                            Ok(v) => v.into(),
                            Err(_) => s.parse::<u64>().map_err(E::custom)?.into(),
                        })
                    }
                }
                // END MIT license use
            }
            deserializer.deserialize_str(IntegerVisitor).map(IntWrapper)
        }
    }

    // visitor impl shared between key/value keywords
    struct KeywordVisitor<T>(PhantomData<*const T>);

    impl<'de, T> Visitor<'de> for KeywordVisitor<T>
    where
        T: FromStr,
        T::Err: Display,
    {
        type Value = T;

        fn expecting(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "{}", std::any::type_name::<T>())
        }

        fn visit_str<E>(self, v: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
        where
            E: DeError,
        {
            v.parse().map_err(E::custom)
        }
    }

    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for KeyKeywordLiteral {
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
        where
            D: Deserializer<'de>,
        {
            deserializer.deserialize_str(KeywordVisitor::<KeyKeywordLiteral>(PhantomData))
        }
    }

    impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ValueKeyword {
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
        where
            D: Deserializer<'de>,
        {
            deserializer.deserialize_str(KeywordVisitor::<ValueKeyword>(PhantomData))
        }
    }

    impl FromStr for KeyKeywordLiteral {
        type Err = String;

        fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
            match s {
                "key" => Ok(Self),
                other => Err(other.to_string()),
            }
        }
    }

    impl FromStr for ValueKeyword {
        type Err = String;

        fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
            match s {
                "dict" => Ok(Self::Dict),
                "array" => Ok(Self::Array),
                "integer" => Ok(Self::Integer),
                "real" => Ok(Self::Real),
                "string" => Ok(Self::String),
                "data" => Ok(Self::Data),
                "date" => Ok(Self::Date),
                "true" => Ok(Self::True),
                "false" => Ok(Self::False),
                other => Err(other.to_string()),
            }
        }
    }

    impl Display for ValueKeyword {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
            let s = match self {
                ValueKeyword::Dict => "dict",
                ValueKeyword::Array => "array",
                ValueKeyword::Integer => "integer",
                ValueKeyword::Real => "real",
                ValueKeyword::String => "string",
                ValueKeyword::Data => "data",
                ValueKeyword::Date => "date",
                ValueKeyword::True => "true",
                ValueKeyword::False => "false",
            };
            f.write_str(s)
        }
    }
}

pub(crate) fn serialize<S>(ds_lib: &Dictionary, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
where
    S: Serializer,
{
    let mut lib = serializer.serialize_struct("", 1)?;
    lib.serialize_field("dict", &ser::DictionaryInnerHelper(ds_lib))?;
    lib.end()
}

mod ser {
    use super::*;
    use serde::ser::Error;
    use serde::Serialize;

    /// Serializes a value, tagged
    ///
    /// e.g. `Value::Integer(10)` -> `<int>10</int>`
    struct ValueHelper<'lib>(&'lib Value);

    impl<'lib> ValueHelper<'lib> {
        /// Allows for serialization of a value within a parent struct (array/dictionary)
        fn serialize_within<S>(
            &self,
            parent: &mut <S as Serializer>::SerializeStruct,
        ) -> Result<(), S::Error>
        where
            S: Serializer,
        {
            match &self.0 {
                Value::Array(a) => parent.serialize_field("array", &ArrayInnerHelper(a)),
                Value::Dictionary(d) => parent.serialize_field("dict", &DictionaryInnerHelper(d)),
                Value::Boolean(true) => parent.serialize_field("true", &()),
                Value::Boolean(false) => parent.serialize_field("false", &()),
                Value::Data(_) => parent.serialize_field("data", &ValueInnerHelper(self.0)),
                Value::Date(_) => parent.serialize_field("date", &ValueInnerHelper(self.0)),
                Value::Real(_) => parent.serialize_field("real", &ValueInnerHelper(self.0)),
                Value::Integer(_) => parent.serialize_field("integer", &ValueInnerHelper(self.0)),
                Value::String(_) => parent.serialize_field("string", &ValueInnerHelper(self.0)),
                v => Err(S::Error::custom(format_args!("unsupported plist::Value: {v:?}"))),
            }
        }
    }

    impl Serialize for ValueHelper<'_> {
        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
        where
            S: Serializer,
        {
            // XML uses field names (ignoring struct names) to generate tags, so a tagged value is
            // serialized as a struct with a field of the tag name, the value being the inner
            // e.g. `Value::Integer(10)` -> `struct { int: 10 }` -> `<int>10</int>`
            let mut dummy = serializer.serialize_struct("", 1)?;
            self.serialize_within::<S>(&mut dummy)?;
            dummy.end()
        }
    }

    /// Serialises a value, without its surrounding tag
    ///
    /// e.g. `Value::Integer(10)` -> `10`
    struct ValueInnerHelper<'lib>(&'lib Value);

    impl Serialize for ValueInnerHelper<'_> {
        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
        where
            S: Serializer,
        {
            match &self.0 {
                Value::Array(a) => ArrayInnerHelper(a).serialize(serializer),
                Value::Dictionary(d) => DictionaryInnerHelper(d).serialize(serializer),
                Value::Boolean(_) => {
                    unreachable!(
                        "ValueInnerHelper should never serialize a boolean as it has no inner"
                    )
                }
                // TODO: once plist v1.6 is released, replace this with Data::to_xml_format
                Value::Data(d) => serializer.serialize_str(&base64_standard.encode(d)),
                Value::Date(d) => serializer.serialize_str(&d.to_xml_format()),
                Value::Real(r) => serializer.serialize_f64(*r),
                Value::Integer(i) => i.serialize(serializer),
                Value::String(s) => serializer.serialize_str(s),
                v => Err(S::Error::custom(format_args!("unsupported plist::Value: {v:?}"))),
            }
        }
    }

    /// Serialises the inside of a dictionary
    pub(super) struct DictionaryInnerHelper<'lib>(pub(super) &'lib Dictionary);

    impl Serialize for DictionaryInnerHelper<'_> {
        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
        where
            S: Serializer,
        {
            // e.g. `{ "example" => Value::Integer(10) }` -> `struct { key: example, int: 10 }` ->
            // `<key>example</key><int>10</int>`
            let mut dict = serializer.serialize_struct("", self.0.len() * 2)?;
            for (key, value) in self.0.iter() {
                dict.serialize_field("key", key)?;
                ValueHelper(value).serialize_within::<S>(&mut dict)?;
            }
            dict.end()
        }
    }

    /// Serialises the inside of an array
    struct ArrayInnerHelper<'lib>(&'lib [Value]);

    impl Serialize for ArrayInnerHelper<'_> {
        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
        where
            S: Serializer,
        {
            // e.g. `[Value::Integer(10), Value::String("hi")]` -> `struct { int: 10, string: hi }`
            // -> `<int>10</int><string>hi</string>`
            let mut array = serializer.serialize_struct("", self.0.len())?;
            for value in self.0 {
                ValueHelper(value).serialize_within::<S>(&mut array)?;
            }
            array.end()
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
    struct TestMe {
        #[serde(with = "super")]
        lib: Dictionary,
    }

    #[test]
    fn deserialize_everything() {
        let xml = r#"
            <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
              <object>
              <lib>
                <dict>
                  <key>hasLoadedLib</key>
                  <string>Absolutely!</string>
                  <key>anArray</key>
                  <array>
                    <dict>
                      <key>class</key>
                      <string>aristocracy</string>
                      <key>heft</key>
                      <real>42.42</real>
                    </dict>
                    <integer>6</integer>
                  </array>
                  <key>isWorking</key>
                  <true/>
                  <key>isBroken</key>
                  <false/>
                  <key>bestBefore</key>
                  <date>2345-01-24T23:22:21Z</date>
                  <key>payload</key>
                  <data>
                  dSBnb3QgMHduZWQ=
                  </data>
                </dict>
              </lib>
              </object>
        "#;

        let readme: TestMe = quick_xml::de::from_str(xml).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(readme.lib.get("hasLoadedLib").unwrap().as_string(), Some("Absolutely!"));
        let array = readme.lib.get("anArray").unwrap().as_array().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            array[0].as_dictionary().and_then(|d| d.get("class")),
            Some(&Value::String("aristocracy".into()))
        );
        assert_eq!(array[0].as_dictionary().and_then(|d| d.get("heft")), Some(&Value::Real(42.42)));
        assert_eq!(array[1].as_signed_integer(), Some(6));
        assert_eq!(readme.lib.get("isWorking"), Some(&Value::Boolean(true)));
        assert_eq!(readme.lib.get("isBroken"), Some(&Value::Boolean(false)));
        assert_eq!(
            readme.lib.get("bestBefore").and_then(Value::as_date).map(|d| d.to_xml_format()),
            Some("2345-01-24T23:22:21Z".into())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            readme.lib.get("payload").and_then(Value::as_data),
            Some("u got 0wned".as_bytes())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn empty_array_is_a_okay() {
        let xml = r#"
            <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
              <object>
              <lib>
                <dict>
                    <key>emptyDict</key>
                    <dict></dict>
                    <key>emptyArray</key>
                    <array></array>
                    <key>emptyString</key>
                    <string></string>
                </dict>
              </lib>
              </object>
        "#;

        let readme: TestMe = quick_xml::de::from_str(xml).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            readme.lib.get("emptyDict").and_then(Value::as_dictionary),
            Some(&Dictionary::new())
        );
        assert_eq!(readme.lib.get("emptyArray").and_then(Value::as_array), Some(&Vec::new()));
        assert_eq!(readme.lib.get("emptyString").and_then(Value::as_string), Some(""));
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "Invalid XML data")]
    fn invalid_data() {
        let xml = r#"
            <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
              <object>
              <lib>
                <dict>
                    <key>badData</key>
                    <data>💣</data>
                </dict>
              </lib>
              </object>
        "#;

        let _readme: TestMe = quick_xml::de::from_str(xml).unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "date")]
    fn invalid_date() {
        let xml = r#"
            <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
              <object>
              <lib>
                <dict>
                    <key>badDate</key>
                    <date>yesterday</date>
                </dict>
              </lib>
              </object>
        "#;

        let _readme: TestMe = quick_xml::de::from_str(xml).unwrap();
    }

    use expect_test::{expect_file, ExpectFile};
    use serde::Serialize;
    use std::f64::consts::PI;
    use std::time::SystemTime;

    fn to_xml_pretty(lib: Dictionary) -> String {
        let mut buf = String::new();
        let mut xml_writer = quick_xml::se::Serializer::new(&mut buf);
        xml_writer.indent(' ', 2);
        TestMe { lib }.serialize(xml_writer).unwrap();
        buf
    }

    fn check(lib: Dictionary, expect: ExpectFile) {
        let serialized = to_xml_pretty(lib);
        expect.assert_eq(&serialized);
    }

    #[test]
    fn empty() {
        let lib = Dictionary::new();
        check(lib, expect_file!("../testdata/snapshots/empty.xml"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_bit_of_everything() {
        let mut lib = Dictionary::new();
        lib.insert(String::from("enabled"), Value::Boolean(true));
        lib.insert(String::from("disabled"), Value::Boolean(false));
        lib.insert(String::from("name"), Value::String("John Cena".into()));
        lib.insert(String::from("age"), Value::Integer(46.into()));
        lib.insert(String::from("today"), Value::Date(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH.into()));
        lib.insert(String::from("pi"), Value::Real(PI));
        lib.insert(String::from("wisdom"), Value::Data(vec![1, 2, 3]));
        lib.insert(String::from("listicle"), Value::Array(lib.values().cloned().collect()));
        lib.insert(String::from("recurse"), Value::Dictionary(lib.clone()));
        lib.insert(String::from("empty_array"), Value::Array(Vec::new()));
        lib.insert(String::from("empty_dict"), Value::Dictionary(Dictionary::new()));

        check(lib, expect_file!("../testdata/snapshots/a_bit_of_everything.xml"));
    }
}