no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn 0.1.0

A library for extracting #[no_mangle] pub extern "C" functions.
Documentation 
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//! This is a library that is meant to help exporting Rust code to other languages by providing
//! a [`parse_for_no_mangle_pub_extern_c_fns`] function. This function accepts a path to the crate root and
//! recursively traverses all directories in `src/**` returning [Vec]<[ParsedFile]>. 
//! 
//! # Hierarchy of structs
//! 
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//! 
//! # Example
//! 
//! `main.rs`
//! 
//! ```
//! use no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn::{parse_for_no_mangle_pub_extern_c_fns, ParsedFile};
//! 
//! fn main() {
//!     let crate_root = std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap();
//!     let parsed_files: Vec<ParsedFile> = parse_for_no_mangle_pub_extern_c_fns(crate_root.as_str());
//!     println!("{:#?}", parsed_files);
//! }
//! ```
//! 
//! # Output on Windows
//! 
//! ```text
//! [
//! ParsedFile {
//!     path: "...\\no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn\\src\\lib.rs",
//!     no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns: NoManglePubExportCFns {
//!         no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn_vec: [],
//!     },
//! },
//! ParsedFile {
//!     path: "...\\no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn\\src\\main.rs",
//!     no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns: NoManglePubExportCFns {
//!         no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn_vec: [],
//!     },
//! },
//! ParsedFile {
//!     path: "...\\no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn\\src\\unused.rs",
//!     no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns: NoManglePubExportCFns {
//!         no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn_vec: [
//!             NoManglePubExportCFnEnds {
//!                 start_line: 1,
//!                 start_column: 0,
//!                 end_line: 4,
//!                 end_column: 1,
//!             },
//!         ],
//!     },
//! },
//! ]
//! ```
//! 
//! # Note
//! The paths will be absolute. The prefixes have been deleted intentionally.
//! 
//! # Integration with serde
//! 
//! [Serde][serde] is an amazing framework for serializing and deserializing Rust data structures efficiently
//! and generically. The following is a partial list of data formats that have been implemented for Serde by the community.
//! 
//! - [JSON], the ubiquitous JavaScript Object Notation used by many HTTP APIs.
//! - [Bincode], a compact binary format
//!   used for IPC within the Servo rendering engine.
//! - [CBOR], a Concise Binary Object Representation designed for small message
//!   size without the need for version negotiation.
//! - [YAML], a self-proclaimed human-friendly configuration language that ain't
//!   markup language.
//! - [MessagePack], an efficient binary format that resembles a compact JSON.
//! - [TOML], a minimal configuration format used by [Cargo].
//! - [Pickle], a format common in the Python world.
//! - [RON], a Rusty Object Notation.
//! - [BSON], the data storage and network transfer format used by MongoDB.
//! - [Avro], a binary format used within Apache Hadoop, with support for schema
//!   definition.
//! - [JSON5], a superset of JSON including some productions from ES5.
//! - [Postcard], a no\_std and embedded-systems friendly compact binary format.
//! - [URL] query strings, in the x-www-form-urlencoded format.
//! - [Envy], a way to deserialize environment variables into Rust structs.
//!   *(deserialization only)*
//! - [Envy Store], a way to deserialize [AWS Parameter Store] parameters into
//!   Rust structs. *(deserialization only)*
//! - [S-expressions], the textual representation of code and data used by the
//!   Lisp language family.
//! - [D-Bus]'s binary wire format.
//! - [FlexBuffers], the schemaless cousin of Google's FlatBuffers zero-copy serialization format.
//! - [DynamoDB Items], the format used by [rusoto_dynamodb] to transfer data to
//!   and from DynamoDB.
//!
//! [JSON]: https://github.com/serde-rs/json
//! [Bincode]: https://github.com/servo/bincode
//! [CBOR]: https://github.com/enarx/ciborium
//! [YAML]: https://github.com/dtolnay/serde-yaml
//! [MessagePack]: https://github.com/3Hren/msgpack-rust
//! [TOML]: https://github.com/alexcrichton/toml-rs
//! [Pickle]: https://github.com/birkenfeld/serde-pickle
//! [RON]: https://github.com/ron-rs/ron
//! [BSON]: https://github.com/zonyitoo/bson-rs
//! [Avro]: https://github.com/flavray/avro-rs
//! [JSON5]: https://github.com/callum-oakley/json5-rs
//! [Postcard]: https://github.com/jamesmunns/postcard
//! [URL]: https://docs.rs/serde_qs
//! [Envy]: https://github.com/softprops/envy
//! [Envy Store]: https://github.com/softprops/envy-store
//! [Cargo]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
//! [AWS Parameter Store]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/systems-manager-paramstore.html
//! [S-expressions]: https://github.com/rotty/lexpr-rs
//! [D-Bus]: https://docs.rs/zvariant
//! [FlexBuffers]: https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/tree/master/rust/flexbuffers
//! [DynamoDB Items]: https://docs.rs/serde_dynamo
//! [rusoto_dynamodb]: https://docs.rs/rusoto_dynamodb
//! 
//! # F.A.Q.
//! * [What are no mangle pub export C functions?](https://docs.rust-embedded.org/book/interoperability/rust-with-c.html#no_mangle)
//! * Will **this** crate support other [calling conventions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html#foreign-calling-conventions)? No but some other crate may will.

use std::io::Read;

use proc_macro2::Span;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use syn::{spanned::Spanned, visit::Visit, Visibility};
use walkdir::WalkDir;

/// The location information of an individual `#[no_mangle] pub export "C"` function.
/// 
/// Read more about
/// `#[no_mangle] pub export "C"` functions in Rust [here](https://docs.rust-embedded.org/book/interoperability/rust-with-c.html#no_mangle).
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
pub struct LineColumnEnds {
    pub start_line: usize,
    pub start_column: usize,
    pub end_line: usize,
    pub end_column: usize,
}

impl LineColumnEnds {
    fn new(span: &Span) -> Self {
        Self {
            start_line: span.start().line,
            start_column: span.start().column,
            end_line: span.end().line,
            end_column: span.end().column,
        }
    }
}

/// The [newtype](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/generics/new_types.html) of [Vec]<[LineColumnEnds]>.
/// When accessed from the result of [parse_for_no_mangle_pub_extern_c_fns]\(_\), contains location information
/// about `#[no_mangle] pub export "C"` functions in a particular file.
/// 
/// Read more about
/// `#[no_mangle] pub export "C"` functions in Rust [here](https://docs.rust-embedded.org/book/interoperability/rust-with-c.html#no_mangle).
///
/// # Implementation at the time of writing
/// 
/// Currently, the implementation relies on [syn::visit] module and its [syn::visit::Visit] trait.
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default, Debug)]
pub struct NoManglePubExportCFns(pub Vec<LineColumnEnds>);

// https://docs.rs/syn/latest/syn/visit/index.html
impl<'ast> Visit<'ast> for NoManglePubExportCFns {
    fn visit_item_fn(&mut self, node: &'ast syn::ItemFn) {
        if let Visibility::Public(_) = &node.vis {
        } else {
            return;
        };

        // https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html#foreign-calling-conventions

        match node
            .sig
            .abi
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|abi| abi.name.as_ref())
            .map(|str_lit| str_lit.value())
        {
            Some(calling_convention) if calling_convention == "C" => (),
            _ => return,
        };

        if !node
            .attrs
            .iter()
            .any(|attr| attr.path.is_ident("no_mangle"))
        {
            return;
        };

        self.0.push(LineColumnEnds::new(&node.span()));
    }
}

/// The struct that contains the path to the parsed file and a collection of location information about
/// `#[no_mangle] pub export "C"` functions in that file.
/// 
/// Read more about `#[no_mangle] pub export "C"` functions in Rust [here](https://docs.rust-embedded.org/book/interoperability/rust-with-c.html#no_mangle).
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
pub struct ParsedFile {
    pub path: String,
    pub no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns: NoManglePubExportCFns,
}

/// Traverses all directories in `crate_root/src/**` filtering Rust source files, parsing them and returning a
/// collection of location information of `#[no_mangle] pub export "C"` functions in each file.
/// 
/// # Example
/// 
/// `main.rs`
/// 
/// ```
/// extern crate serde_json;
/// use no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn::{parse_for_no_mangle_pub_extern_c_fns, ParsedFile};
/// 
/// fn main() -> serde_json::Result<()> {
///     let crate_root = std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap();
///     let parsed_files: Vec<ParsedFile> = parse_for_no_mangle_pub_extern_c_fns(crate_root.as_str());
///     println!("{}", serde_json::to_string(&parsed_files)?);
///     Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
/// 
/// `unused.rs`
/// 
/// ```rust
/// #[no_mangle]
/// pub extern "C" fn s() {
///     // test
/// }
/// ```
/// 
/// # Output on Windows
/// 
/// ```text
/// [{"path":"...\\no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn\\src\\lib.rs","no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns":[]},{"path":"...\\no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn\\src\\main.rs","no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns":[]},{"path":"..\\no_mangle_pub_export_c_fn\\src\\unused.rs","no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns":[{"start_line":1,"start_column":0,"end_line":4,"end_column":1}]}]
/// ```
/// 
/// # Note
/// 
/// The paths will be absolute. The prefixes have been deleted intentionally.
pub fn parse_for_no_mangle_pub_extern_c_fns(crate_root: &str) -> Vec<ParsedFile> {
     // With prior information, the buffer could be preallocated
    let mut buffer = String::new();

    // All errors are skipped. In the hindsight, the solution with ? would be better
    WalkDir::new(format!("{}{}src", crate_root, std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR))
        .into_iter()
        .flatten()
        .filter(|entry| entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().ends_with(".rs"))
        // BufReader is unnecessary bc the files are read only once
        // https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/struct.BufReader.html
        .filter_map(|rust_file| {
            let path = rust_file.path();
            std::fs::File::open(path)
                .map(|file: std::fs::File| (path.to_string_lossy().into_owned(), file))
                .ok()
        })
        .filter_map(|(path, mut file): (String, std::fs::File)| {
            file.read_to_string(&mut buffer)
                .map(|_byted_read| {
                    let file = syn::parse_file(&buffer);
                    buffer.truncate(0);
                    (path, file)
                })
                .ok()
        })
        .filter_map(|(path, res_file): (String, syn::Result<syn::File>)| {
            res_file.ok().map(|file| (path, file))
        })
        .fold(
            Vec::<ParsedFile>::new(),
            |mut parsed_files: Vec<ParsedFile>, (path, file): (String, syn::File)| {
                parsed_files.push(ParsedFile {
                    path,
                    no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns: {
                        let mut no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns = NoManglePubExportCFns::default();
                        no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns.visit_file(&file);
                        no_mangle_pub_export_c_fns
                    },
                });
                parsed_files
            },
        )
}