nlink 0.15.1

//! Strongly-typed traffic control messages.

use winnow::{binary::le_u16, prelude::*, token::take};

use crate::netlink::{
    parse::{FromNetlink, PResult, parse_string_from_bytes},
    types::tc::TcMsg,
};

/// Attribute IDs for TCA_* constants.
mod attr_ids {
    pub const TCA_KIND: u16 = 1;
    pub const TCA_OPTIONS: u16 = 2;
    pub const TCA_STATS: u16 = 3;
    pub const TCA_XSTATS: u16 = 4;
    pub const TCA_STATS2: u16 = 7;
    pub const TCA_CHAIN: u16 = 11;
    pub const TCA_HW_OFFLOAD: u16 = 12;
    pub const TCA_INGRESS_BLOCK: u16 = 13;
    pub const TCA_EGRESS_BLOCK: u16 = 14;
}

/// Nested TCA_STATS2 attribute IDs.
mod stats2_ids {
    pub const TCA_STATS_BASIC: u16 = 1;
    pub const TCA_STATS_RATE_EST: u16 = 2;
    pub const TCA_STATS_QUEUE: u16 = 3;
    pub const TCA_STATS_APP: u16 = 4;
    pub const TCA_STATS_BASIC_HW: u16 = 7;
    pub const TCA_STATS_PKT64: u16 = 8;
}

/// Strongly-typed traffic control message.
///
/// This struct represents a qdisc, class, or filter message from the kernel.
/// The specific type is determined by the netlink message type (RTM_NEWQDISC,
/// RTM_NEWTCLASS, RTM_NEWTFILTER).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct TcMessage {
    /// Fixed-size header (struct tcmsg).
    pub(crate) header: TcMsg,
    /// Qdisc/class/filter type (e.g., "htb", "fq_codel", "u32").
    pub(crate) kind: Option<String>,
    /// Raw options data (type-specific, nested attributes).
    pub(crate) options: Option<Vec<u8>>,
    /// Chain index for filters.
    pub(crate) chain: Option<u32>,
    /// Hardware offload flag.
    pub(crate) hw_offload: Option<u8>,
    /// Ingress block index.
    pub(crate) ingress_block: Option<u32>,
    /// Egress block index.
    pub(crate) egress_block: Option<u32>,
    /// Basic statistics.
    pub(crate) stats_basic: Option<TcStatsBasic>,
    /// Queue statistics.
    pub(crate) stats_queue: Option<TcStatsQueue>,
    /// Rate estimator.
    pub(crate) stats_rate_est: Option<TcStatsRateEst>,
    /// Extended statistics (type-specific).
    pub(crate) xstats: Option<Vec<u8>>,
    /// Interface name (not from netlink, populated separately for convenience).
    ///
    /// This field is not populated by netlink parsing since TC messages only
    /// contain interface indices. Use [`TcMessage::with_name`] or
    /// [`TcMessage::resolve_name`] to populate it.
    pub(crate) name: Option<String>,
}

/// Basic traffic control statistics (from TCA_STATS2/TCA_STATS_BASIC).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct TcStatsBasic {
    /// Bytes transmitted.
    pub bytes: u64,
    /// Packets transmitted.
    pub packets: u64,
}

impl TcStatsBasic {
    /// Calculate the delta (difference) from a previous sample.
    ///
    /// Uses saturating subtraction to handle counter wraps gracefully.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// let prev = qdisc.stats_basic.unwrap();
    /// // ... wait some time ...
    /// let curr = qdisc.stats_basic.unwrap();
    /// let delta = curr.delta(&prev);
    /// println!("Transferred {} bytes, {} packets", delta.bytes, delta.packets);
    /// ```
    pub fn delta(&self, previous: &Self) -> TcStatsBasic {
        TcStatsBasic {
            bytes: self.bytes.saturating_sub(previous.bytes),
            packets: self.packets.saturating_sub(previous.packets),
        }
    }
}

/// Queue statistics (from TCA_STATS2/TCA_STATS_QUEUE).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct TcStatsQueue {
    /// Current queue length in packets.
    pub qlen: u32,
    /// Backlog in bytes.
    pub backlog: u32,
    /// Total drops.
    pub drops: u32,
    /// Requeue count.
    pub requeues: u32,
    /// Overlimit count.
    pub overlimits: u32,
}

impl TcStatsQueue {
    /// Calculate the delta (difference) from a previous sample.
    ///
    /// Note: `qlen` and `backlog` are instantaneous values, not counters,
    /// so they are taken from the current sample directly.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// let prev = qdisc.stats_queue.unwrap();
    /// // ... wait some time ...
    /// let curr = qdisc.stats_queue.unwrap();
    /// let delta = curr.delta(&prev);
    /// println!("New drops: {}, new overlimits: {}", delta.drops, delta.overlimits);
    /// ```
    pub fn delta(&self, previous: &Self) -> TcStatsQueue {
        TcStatsQueue {
            qlen: self.qlen,       // Instantaneous, not a counter
            backlog: self.backlog, // Instantaneous, not a counter
            drops: self.drops.saturating_sub(previous.drops),
            requeues: self.requeues.saturating_sub(previous.requeues),
            overlimits: self.overlimits.saturating_sub(previous.overlimits),
        }
    }
}

/// Rate estimator statistics (from TCA_STATS2/TCA_STATS_RATE_EST).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct TcStatsRateEst {
    /// Bytes per second.
    pub bps: u32,
    /// Packets per second.
    pub pps: u32,
}

impl TcMessage {
    /// Create a new empty TC message.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Accessor methods
    // =========================================================================

    /// Get the interface index.
    pub fn ifindex(&self) -> u32 {
        self.header.tcm_ifindex as u32
    }

    /// Get the handle (qdisc/class ID) as a typed [`TcHandle`](crate::TcHandle).
    ///
    /// For the raw `u32` (e.g. for use as a `HashMap` key), call
    /// [`handle_raw`](Self::handle_raw).
    pub fn handle(&self) -> crate::TcHandle {
        crate::TcHandle::from_raw(self.header.tcm_handle)
    }

    /// Get the raw `u32` handle the kernel returned, without wrapping it in
    /// a [`TcHandle`](crate::TcHandle). Prefer [`handle`](Self::handle) unless you need the
    /// raw integer (e.g. as a `HashMap` key).
    pub fn handle_raw(&self) -> u32 {
        self.header.tcm_handle
    }

    /// Get the parent handle as a typed [`TcHandle`](crate::TcHandle).
    ///
    /// For the raw `u32`, call [`parent_raw`](Self::parent_raw).
    pub fn parent(&self) -> crate::TcHandle {
        crate::TcHandle::from_raw(self.header.tcm_parent)
    }

    /// Get the raw `u32` parent the kernel returned, without wrapping it in
    /// a [`TcHandle`](crate::TcHandle). Prefer [`parent`](Self::parent) unless you need the
    /// raw integer.
    pub fn parent_raw(&self) -> u32 {
        self.header.tcm_parent
    }

    /// Get the info field.
    ///
    /// For filters, this contains protocol (upper 16 bits) and priority (lower 16 bits).
    pub fn info(&self) -> u32 {
        self.header.tcm_info
    }

    /// For filters: get the protocol from tcm_info.
    pub fn protocol(&self) -> u16 {
        (self.header.tcm_info >> 16) as u16
    }

    /// For filters: get the priority from tcm_info.
    pub fn priority(&self) -> u16 {
        (self.header.tcm_info & 0xFFFF) as u16
    }

    /// Get the kind (type name) if present.
    pub fn kind(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.kind.as_deref()
    }

    /// Get the raw options data.
    pub fn raw_options(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
        self.options.as_deref()
    }

    /// Get the chain index.
    pub fn chain(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        self.chain
    }

    /// Get the hardware offload flag.
    pub fn hw_offload(&self) -> Option<u8> {
        self.hw_offload
    }

    /// Get the ingress block index.
    pub fn ingress_block(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        self.ingress_block
    }

    /// Get the egress block index.
    pub fn egress_block(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        self.egress_block
    }

    /// Get the basic statistics.
    pub fn stats_basic(&self) -> Option<&TcStatsBasic> {
        self.stats_basic.as_ref()
    }

    /// Get the queue statistics.
    pub fn stats_queue(&self) -> Option<&TcStatsQueue> {
        self.stats_queue.as_ref()
    }

    /// Get the rate estimator statistics.
    pub fn stats_rate_est(&self) -> Option<&TcStatsRateEst> {
        self.stats_rate_est.as_ref()
    }

    /// Get the extended statistics.
    pub fn xstats(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
        self.xstats.as_deref()
    }

    /// Get the interface name if set.
    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.name.as_deref()
    }

    /// Get the interface name or a fallback value.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// for qdisc in &qdiscs {
    ///     println!("{}: {}", qdisc.name_or("?"), qdisc.kind().unwrap_or("?"));
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn name_or<'a>(&'a self, fallback: &'a str) -> &'a str {
        self.name.as_deref().unwrap_or(fallback)
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Convenience statistics accessors
    // =========================================================================

    /// Get total bytes from basic stats.
    pub fn bytes(&self) -> u64 {
        self.stats_basic.map(|s| s.bytes).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    /// Get total packets from basic stats.
    pub fn packets(&self) -> u64 {
        self.stats_basic.map(|s| s.packets).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    /// Get drops from queue stats.
    pub fn drops(&self) -> u32 {
        self.stats_queue.map(|s| s.drops).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    /// Get overlimits from queue stats.
    pub fn overlimits(&self) -> u32 {
        self.stats_queue.map(|s| s.overlimits).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    /// Get requeues from queue stats.
    pub fn requeues(&self) -> u32 {
        self.stats_queue.map(|s| s.requeues).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    /// Get queue length from queue stats.
    pub fn qlen(&self) -> u32 {
        self.stats_queue.map(|s| s.qlen).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    /// Get backlog from queue stats.
    pub fn backlog(&self) -> u32 {
        self.stats_queue.map(|s| s.backlog).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    /// Get bytes per second from rate estimator.
    ///
    /// Returns 0 if rate estimator statistics are not available.
    pub fn bps(&self) -> u32 {
        self.stats_rate_est.map(|s| s.bps).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    /// Get packets per second from rate estimator.
    ///
    /// Returns 0 if rate estimator statistics are not available.
    pub fn pps(&self) -> u32 {
        self.stats_rate_est.map(|s| s.pps).unwrap_or(0)
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Name resolution
    // =========================================================================

    /// Set the interface name.
    ///
    /// Returns self for method chaining.
    pub fn with_name(mut self, name: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        self.name = Some(name.into());
        self
    }

    /// Resolve and set the interface name from the ifindex.
    ///
    /// This performs a syscall to look up the interface name.
    /// Returns self for method chaining.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// let qdisc = conn.get_root_qdisc_by_name("eth0").await?.map(|q| q.resolve_name());
    /// println!("Interface: {}", qdisc.name_or("?"));
    /// ```
    pub fn resolve_name(mut self) -> Self {
        if let Ok(name) = crate::util::ifname::index_to_name(self.ifindex()) {
            self.name = Some(name);
        }
        self
    }

    /// Resolve and set the interface name, mutating in place.
    pub fn resolve_name_mut(&mut self) {
        if let Ok(name) = crate::util::ifname::index_to_name(self.ifindex()) {
            self.name = Some(name);
        }
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Options parsing
    // =========================================================================

    /// Get parsed qdisc options if available.
    ///
    /// This parses the raw options data into a strongly-typed enum
    /// based on the qdisc kind. Use pattern matching to extract
    /// type-specific options.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// use nlink::netlink::tc_options::QdiscOptions;
    ///
    /// let qdiscs = conn.get_qdiscs().await?;
    /// for qdisc in &qdiscs {
    ///     match qdisc.options() {
    ///         Some(QdiscOptions::Netem(netem)) => {
    ///             println!("delay={:?}, loss={:?}", netem.delay(), netem.loss());
    ///         }
    ///         Some(QdiscOptions::FqCodel(fq)) => {
    ///             println!("target={}us", fq.target_us);
    ///         }
    ///         _ => {}
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn options(&self) -> Option<crate::netlink::tc_options::QdiscOptions> {
        crate::netlink::tc_options::parse_qdisc_options(self)
    }

    /// Check if this is a netem qdisc.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_netem(&self) -> bool {
        self.kind() == Some("netem")
    }

    /// Check if this qdisc is attached to the root.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_root(&self) -> bool {
        self.header.tcm_parent == crate::netlink::types::tc::tc_handle::ROOT
    }

    /// Check if this is an ingress qdisc.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_ingress(&self) -> bool {
        self.header.tcm_parent == crate::netlink::types::tc::tc_handle::INGRESS
            || self.kind() == Some("ingress")
    }

    /// Check if this is a clsact qdisc.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_clsact(&self) -> bool {
        self.header.tcm_parent == crate::netlink::types::tc::tc_handle::CLSACT
            || self.kind() == Some("clsact")
    }

    /// Check if this is a TC class (has a parent that is not root/ingress/clsact).
    ///
    /// Classes are child elements of classful qdiscs like HTB, CBQ, or HFSC.
    /// They have a non-root parent and typically have a minor number in their handle.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_class(&self) -> bool {
        use crate::netlink::types::tc::tc_handle;
        let parent = self.header.tcm_parent;
        // A class has a parent that is not root, ingress, or clsact
        parent != tc_handle::ROOT
            && parent != tc_handle::INGRESS
            && parent != tc_handle::CLSACT
            && parent != tc_handle::UNSPEC
            // And its handle has a non-zero minor number (classes have major:minor format)
            && tc_handle::minor(self.header.tcm_handle) != 0
    }

    /// Check if this is a TC filter.
    ///
    /// Filters are identified by having a protocol and priority set.
    /// They attach to qdiscs or classes to classify packets.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_filter(&self) -> bool {
        // Filters have a non-zero info field that encodes protocol and priority
        // The info field is (priority << 16) | protocol
        self.header.tcm_info != 0
    }

    /// Get the filter protocol (ETH_P_* value), if this is a filter.
    ///
    /// Returns the protocol in host byte order.
    #[inline]
    pub fn filter_protocol(&self) -> Option<u16> {
        if self.is_filter() {
            Some((self.header.tcm_info & 0xFFFF) as u16)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Get the filter priority, if this is a filter.
    #[inline]
    pub fn filter_priority(&self) -> Option<u16> {
        if self.is_filter() {
            Some((self.header.tcm_info >> 16) as u16)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Get the handle as a human-readable string (e.g., "1:0", "ffff:").
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// for qdisc in &qdiscs {
    ///     println!("handle: {}", qdisc.handle_str());
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn handle_str(&self) -> String {
        crate::netlink::types::tc::tc_handle::format(self.header.tcm_handle)
    }

    /// Get the parent as a human-readable string (e.g., "root", "1:0").
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// for qdisc in &qdiscs {
    ///     println!("parent: {}", qdisc.parent_str());
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn parent_str(&self) -> String {
        crate::netlink::types::tc::tc_handle::format(self.header.tcm_parent)
    }

    /// Get BPF program info if this is a BPF filter.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the filter kind is not "bpf" or if no options are present.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// let filters = conn.get_filters_by_name("eth0", "ingress").await?;
    /// for filter in &filters {
    ///     if let Some(bpf) = filter.bpf_info() {
    ///         println!("BPF: id={:?} name={:?} tag={:?} da={}",
    ///             bpf.id, bpf.name, bpf.tag_hex(), bpf.direct_action);
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn bpf_info(&self) -> Option<BpfInfo> {
        if self.kind() != Some("bpf") {
            return None;
        }

        let options = self.options.as_deref()?;

        use crate::netlink::types::tc::filter::bpf;

        let mut info = BpfInfo {
            id: None,
            name: None,
            tag: None,
            direct_action: false,
            classid: None,
        };

        // Parse nested attributes from options data
        let mut pos = 0;
        while pos + 4 <= options.len() {
            let len = u16::from_ne_bytes([options[pos], options[pos + 1]]) as usize;
            let attr_type = u16::from_ne_bytes([options[pos + 2], options[pos + 3]]) & 0x3FFF;

            if len < 4 || pos + len > options.len() {
                break;
            }

            let payload = &options[pos + 4..pos + len];

            match attr_type {
                bpf::TCA_BPF_ID if payload.len() >= 4 => {
                    info.id = Some(u32::from_ne_bytes([
                        payload[0], payload[1], payload[2], payload[3],
                    ]));
                }
                bpf::TCA_BPF_NAME => {
                    let name = std::str::from_utf8(payload)
                        .ok()
                        .map(|s| s.trim_end_matches('\0').to_string());
                    info.name = name;
                }
                bpf::TCA_BPF_TAG if payload.len() >= 8 => {
                    let mut tag = [0u8; 8];
                    tag.copy_from_slice(&payload[..8]);
                    info.tag = Some(tag);
                }
                bpf::TCA_BPF_FLAGS if payload.len() >= 4 => {
                    let flags =
                        u32::from_ne_bytes([payload[0], payload[1], payload[2], payload[3]]);
                    info.direct_action = (flags & bpf::TCA_BPF_FLAG_ACT_DIRECT) != 0;
                }
                bpf::TCA_BPF_CLASSID if payload.len() >= 4 => {
                    info.classid = Some(u32::from_ne_bytes([
                        payload[0], payload[1], payload[2], payload[3],
                    ]));
                }
                _ => {}
            }

            // Align to 4 bytes
            pos += (len + 3) & !3;
        }

        Some(info)
    }
}

/// Information about an attached BPF program.
///
/// Parsed from `TCA_BPF_*` attributes in TC filter dump responses.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct BpfInfo {
    /// BPF program ID (stable kernel identifier).
    pub id: Option<u32>,
    /// BPF program name (set by the loader).
    pub name: Option<String>,
    /// BPF program tag (8-byte SHA-1 truncation of instructions).
    pub tag: Option<[u8; 8]>,
    /// Whether direct action mode is enabled.
    pub direct_action: bool,
    /// TC classid (for non-DA mode).
    pub classid: Option<u32>,
}

impl BpfInfo {
    /// Format the tag as a hex string (e.g., "a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8").
    pub fn tag_hex(&self) -> Option<String> {
        self.tag
            .map(|t| t.iter().map(|b| format!("{b:02x}")).collect())
    }
}

impl FromNetlink for TcMessage {
    fn write_dump_header(buf: &mut Vec<u8>) {
        // TC dump requests require a TcMsg header
        let header = TcMsg::new();
        buf.extend_from_slice(header.as_bytes());
    }

    fn parse(input: &mut &[u8]) -> PResult<Self> {
        // Parse fixed header (20 bytes)
        if input.len() < TcMsg::SIZE {
            return Err(winnow::error::ErrMode::Cut(
                winnow::error::ContextError::new(),
            ));
        }

        let header_bytes: &[u8] = take(TcMsg::SIZE).parse_next(input)?;
        let header = *TcMsg::from_bytes(header_bytes)
            .map_err(|_| winnow::error::ErrMode::Cut(winnow::error::ContextError::new()))?;

        let mut msg = TcMessage {
            header,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        // Parse attributes
        while !input.is_empty() && input.len() >= 4 {
            let len = le_u16.parse_next(input)? as usize;
            let attr_type = le_u16.parse_next(input)?;

            if len < 4 {
                break;
            }

            let payload_len = len.saturating_sub(4);
            if input.len() < payload_len {
                break;
            }

            let attr_data: &[u8] = take(payload_len).parse_next(input)?;

            // Align to 4 bytes
            let aligned = (len + 3) & !3;
            let padding = aligned.saturating_sub(len);
            if input.len() >= padding {
                let _: &[u8] = take(padding).parse_next(input)?;
            }

            // Match attribute type (mask out NLA_F_NESTED and other flags)
            match attr_type & 0x3FFF {
                attr_ids::TCA_KIND => {
                    msg.kind = Some(parse_string_from_bytes(attr_data));
                }
                attr_ids::TCA_OPTIONS => {
                    msg.options = Some(attr_data.to_vec());
                }
                attr_ids::TCA_XSTATS => {
                    msg.xstats = Some(attr_data.to_vec());
                }
                attr_ids::TCA_CHAIN if attr_data.len() >= 4 => {
                    msg.chain = Some(u32::from_ne_bytes(attr_data[..4].try_into().unwrap()));
                }
                attr_ids::TCA_HW_OFFLOAD if !attr_data.is_empty() => {
                    msg.hw_offload = Some(attr_data[0]);
                }
                attr_ids::TCA_INGRESS_BLOCK if attr_data.len() >= 4 => {
                    msg.ingress_block =
                        Some(u32::from_ne_bytes(attr_data[..4].try_into().unwrap()));
                }
                attr_ids::TCA_EGRESS_BLOCK if attr_data.len() >= 4 => {
                    msg.egress_block = Some(u32::from_ne_bytes(attr_data[..4].try_into().unwrap()));
                }
                attr_ids::TCA_STATS2 => {
                    parse_stats2(&mut msg, attr_data);
                }
                attr_ids::TCA_STATS => {
                    // Legacy stats format (struct tc_stats)
                    parse_legacy_stats(&mut msg, attr_data);
                }
                _ => {} // Ignore unknown attributes
            }
        }

        Ok(msg)
    }
}

/// Parse TCA_STATS2 nested attributes.
fn parse_stats2(msg: &mut TcMessage, data: &[u8]) {
    let mut input = data;

    while !input.is_empty() && input.len() >= 4 {
        let len = u16::from_ne_bytes(input[..2].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
        let attr_type = u16::from_ne_bytes(input[2..4].try_into().unwrap());

        if len < 4 || input.len() < len {
            break;
        }

        let payload = &input[4..len];

        match attr_type & 0x3FFF {
            stats2_ids::TCA_STATS_BASIC | stats2_ids::TCA_STATS_BASIC_HW
                // struct gnet_stats_basic: u64 bytes, u32 packets (+ padding)
                if payload.len() >= 12 => {
                    let bytes = u64::from_ne_bytes(payload[..8].try_into().unwrap());
                    let packets = u32::from_ne_bytes(payload[8..12].try_into().unwrap());
                    msg.stats_basic = Some(TcStatsBasic {
                        bytes,
                        packets: packets as u64,
                    });
                }
            stats2_ids::TCA_STATS_PKT64
                // 64-bit packet count
                if payload.len() >= 8 => {
                    let packets = u64::from_ne_bytes(payload[..8].try_into().unwrap());
                    if let Some(ref mut stats) = msg.stats_basic {
                        stats.packets = packets;
                    } else {
                        msg.stats_basic = Some(TcStatsBasic { bytes: 0, packets });
                    }
                }
            stats2_ids::TCA_STATS_QUEUE
                // struct gnet_stats_queue: u32 qlen, backlog, drops, requeues, overlimits
                if payload.len() >= 20 => {
                    msg.stats_queue = Some(TcStatsQueue {
                        qlen: u32::from_ne_bytes(payload[0..4].try_into().unwrap()),
                        backlog: u32::from_ne_bytes(payload[4..8].try_into().unwrap()),
                        drops: u32::from_ne_bytes(payload[8..12].try_into().unwrap()),
                        requeues: u32::from_ne_bytes(payload[12..16].try_into().unwrap()),
                        overlimits: u32::from_ne_bytes(payload[16..20].try_into().unwrap()),
                    });
                }
            stats2_ids::TCA_STATS_RATE_EST
                // struct gnet_stats_rate_est: u32 bps, pps
                if payload.len() >= 8 => {
                    msg.stats_rate_est = Some(TcStatsRateEst {
                        bps: u32::from_ne_bytes(payload[0..4].try_into().unwrap()),
                        pps: u32::from_ne_bytes(payload[4..8].try_into().unwrap()),
                    });
                }
            stats2_ids::TCA_STATS_APP
                // Application-specific stats, store in xstats if not already set
                if msg.xstats.is_none() => {
                    msg.xstats = Some(payload.to_vec());
                }
            _ => {}
        }

        let aligned = (len + 3) & !3;
        if input.len() <= aligned {
            break;
        }
        input = &input[aligned..];
    }
}

/// Parse legacy TCA_STATS (struct tc_stats).
fn parse_legacy_stats(msg: &mut TcMessage, data: &[u8]) {
    // struct tc_stats {
    //     __u64 bytes;
    //     __u32 packets;
    //     __u32 drops;
    //     __u32 overlimits;
    //     __u32 bps;
    //     __u32 pps;
    //     __u32 qlen;
    //     __u32 backlog;
    // }
    if data.len() >= 36 {
        let bytes = u64::from_ne_bytes(data[0..8].try_into().unwrap());
        let packets = u32::from_ne_bytes(data[8..12].try_into().unwrap());
        let drops = u32::from_ne_bytes(data[12..16].try_into().unwrap());
        let overlimits = u32::from_ne_bytes(data[16..20].try_into().unwrap());
        let bps = u32::from_ne_bytes(data[20..24].try_into().unwrap());
        let pps = u32::from_ne_bytes(data[24..28].try_into().unwrap());
        let qlen = u32::from_ne_bytes(data[28..32].try_into().unwrap());
        let backlog = u32::from_ne_bytes(data[32..36].try_into().unwrap());

        msg.stats_basic = Some(TcStatsBasic {
            bytes,
            packets: packets as u64,
        });
        msg.stats_queue = Some(TcStatsQueue {
            qlen,
            backlog,
            drops,
            requeues: 0,
            overlimits,
        });
        msg.stats_rate_est = Some(TcStatsRateEst { bps, pps });
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Type Aliases for Discoverability
// ============================================================================

/// Type alias for [`TcMessage`] when working with qdiscs.
///
/// This is the same type as `TcMessage` but provides better discoverability
/// when working specifically with qdisc operations.
pub type QdiscMessage = TcMessage;

/// Type alias for [`TcMessage`] when working with TC classes.
///
/// This is the same type as `TcMessage` but provides better discoverability
/// when working specifically with class operations (HTB, HFSC, etc.).
pub type ClassMessage = TcMessage;

/// Type alias for [`TcMessage`] when working with TC filters.
///
/// This is the same type as `TcMessage` but provides better discoverability
/// when working specifically with filter operations (u32, flower, etc.).
pub type FilterMessage = TcMessage;

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_tc_message_default() {
        let msg = TcMessage::new();
        assert_eq!(msg.ifindex(), 0);
        assert_eq!(msg.handle(), crate::TcHandle::UNSPEC);
        assert_eq!(msg.parent(), crate::TcHandle::UNSPEC);
        assert!(msg.kind().is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_filter_protocol_priority() {
        let mut msg = TcMessage::new();
        // tcm_info = (protocol << 16) | priority
        // protocol = 0x0800 (ETH_P_IP), priority = 100
        msg.header.tcm_info = (0x0800 << 16) | 100;

        assert_eq!(msg.protocol(), 0x0800);
        assert_eq!(msg.priority(), 100);
    }
}