neser 1.2.0

//! Reusable mapper template types to reduce boilerplate code.
//!
//! These generic mapper implementations provide standard patterns used across multiple
//! simple mappers, ensuring consistent behavior and reducing duplicated code.
//!
//! # Benefits
//!
//! Using mapper templates significantly reduces code duplication:
//! - **CNROM**: Reduced from ~110 lines to ~25 lines (77% reduction)
//! - **UxROM**: Reduced from ~130 lines to ~30 lines (77% reduction)
//! - **GxROM**: Reduced from ~125 lines to ~25 lines (80% reduction)
//! - **ColorDreams**: Reduced from ~125 lines to ~25 lines (80% reduction)
//!
//! Total: Eliminated ~400+ lines of boilerplate while ensuring consistent behavior.
//!
//! # Available Templates
//!
//! - [`SimpleFixedPrgMapper`] - Fixed PRG bank + bank-selectable CHR-ROM (CNROM pattern)
//! - [`SimpleBankedPrgMapper`] - Bank-selectable PRG + CHR-RAM (UxROM pattern)
//! - [`DualBank32Mapper`] - 32KB PRG bank + 8KB CHR bank selection (GxROM/ColorDreams pattern)
//!
//! # When to Use
//!
//! Use these templates when creating a new mapper that matches one of the standard patterns.
//! If your mapper has special behavior (IRQ counters, custom mirroring control, expansion
//! audio, etc.), you'll need a custom implementation instead.
//!
//! ## SimpleFixedPrgMapper
//!
//! Use for mappers with:
//! - Fixed PRG-ROM (no PRG banking)
//! - Bank-switchable CHR-ROM
//! - Simple register at $8000-$FFFF that selects CHR bank
//!
//! **Examples:** CNROM (mapper 3)
//!
//! **Not suitable for:**
//! - CPROM (mapper 13) - has CHR-RAM with special banking (lower 4KB switchable, upper 4KB fixed)
//!
//! ```rust,ignore
//! // Example: Define a new mapper similar to CNROM
//! pub type MyFixedPrgMapper = SimpleFixedPrgMapper<8, 185>;
//!
//! let mapper = MyFixedPrgMapper::new(prg_rom, chr_rom, MirroringMode::Horizontal);
//! ```
//!
//! ## SimpleBankedPrgMapper
//!
//! Use for mappers with:
//! - Bank-switchable PRG-ROM (typically 16KB banks)
//! - Fixed last PRG bank
//! - CHR-RAM (not CHR-ROM)
//! - Simple register at $8000-$FFFF that selects PRG bank
//!
//! **Examples:** UxROM (mapper 2)
//!
//! **Not suitable for:**
//! - AxROM (mapper 7) - has programmable mirroring control
//! - Camerica (mapper 71) - has separate mirroring register
//!
//! ```rust,ignore
//! // Example: Define a new UxROM-style mapper with 16KB banks
//! pub type MyBankedPrgMapper = SimpleBankedPrgMapper<16, 94, true>;
//!
//! let mapper = MyBankedPrgMapper::new(prg_rom, chr_rom, MirroringMode::Vertical);
//! ```
//!
//! ## DualBank32Mapper
//!
//! Use for mappers with:
//! - 32KB PRG bank selection
//! - 8KB CHR bank selection
//! - Single register that controls both banks
//! - Different bit masks for PRG and CHR bank selection
//!
//! **Examples:** GxROM (mapper 66), ColorDreams (mapper 11)
//!
//! ```rust,ignore
//! // Example: GxROM uses PRG bits 4-5, CHR bits 0-1, no bus conflicts
//! pub type MyGxROMStyle = DualBank32Mapper<0b0011, 4, 0b0011, 0, false, 66>;
//!
//! // Example: ColorDreams uses PRG bits 0-1, CHR bits 4-7, with bus conflicts
//! pub type MyColorDreamsStyle = DualBank32Mapper<0b0011, 0, 0b1111, 4, true, 11>;
//!
//! // `ctx` is a `MapperContext` created by the cartridge loader
//! let mapper = MyGxROMStyle::new(ctx);
//! ```

use super::base_mapper::BaseMapper;
use super::mapper::MapperContext;
use crate::nes::cartridge::{Mapper, MapperCapabilities};

/// Compute the PRG-RAM size in KB from a mapper context.
///
/// Returns `0` when the header did not explicitly specify PRG-RAM or
/// indicated zero banks.
fn prg_ram_size_kb(ctx: &MapperContext) -> usize {
    if ctx.prg_ram_size_specified && ctx.prg_ram_banks_8k > 0 {
        ctx.prg_ram_banks_8k as usize * 8
    } else {
        0
    }
}

/// Simple mapper with fixed PRG-ROM and bank-selectable CHR-ROM.
///
/// This template implements the CNROM pattern used by several simple mappers:
/// - Fixed PRG-ROM (no banking)
/// - CHR-ROM with configurable bank size
/// - Any write to $8000-$FFFF selects CHR bank
///
/// # Type Parameters
///
/// - `CHR_BANK_KB`: Size of CHR banks in kilobytes (typically 8)
/// - `MAPPER_NUM`: Mapper number for identification
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust,ignore
/// // CNROM (Mapper 3) with 8KB CHR banks
/// type CNROMMapper = SimpleFixedPrgMapper<8, 3>;
///
/// let mapper = CNROMMapper::new(prg_rom, chr_rom, MirroringMode::Horizontal);
/// ```
pub struct SimpleFixedPrgMapper<const CHR_BANK_KB: usize, const MAPPER_NUM: u8> {
    base: BaseMapper,
    /// Raw CHR bank register value (for snapshot/restore).
    chr_bank_raw: u8,
}

impl<const CHR_BANK_KB: usize, const MAPPER_NUM: u8> SimpleFixedPrgMapper<CHR_BANK_KB, MAPPER_NUM> {
    /// Create a new SimpleFixedPrgMapper.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `ctx` - Mapper construction context with ROM data and header details
    pub fn new(ctx: MapperContext) -> Self {
        // Submapper 1 = explicitly no bus conflicts; all others (including 0 = original
        // CNROM hardware) emulate AND-type bus conflicts.
        let bus_conflicts = ctx.submapper != 1;
        let capabilities = MapperCapabilities {
            has_chr_banking: true,
            max_prg_ram_kb: prg_ram_size_kb(&ctx),
            chr_bank_size_kb: CHR_BANK_KB,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let mut base = BaseMapper::new(&ctx, capabilities);
        base.configure_chr_banking(CHR_BANK_KB * 1024);
        base.set_bus_conflicts(bus_conflicts);

        Self {
            base,
            chr_bank_raw: 0,
        }
    }
}

impl<const CHR_BANK_KB: usize, const MAPPER_NUM: u8> Mapper
    for SimpleFixedPrgMapper<CHR_BANK_KB, MAPPER_NUM>
{
    fn base(&self) -> &BaseMapper {
        &self.base
    }

    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BaseMapper {
        &mut self.base
    }

    fn write_prg(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) {
        if self.base.try_write_prg_ram(addr, value) {
            return;
        }

        // Any write to $8000-$FFFF sets the CHR bank select.
        // Bus conflicts use fixed PRG-ROM (not banked) since this mapper has no PRG banking.
        if (0x8000..=0xFFFF).contains(&addr) {
            let effective = if self.base.has_bus_conflicts() {
                value & self.base.read_prg_rom_fixed(addr)
            } else {
                value
            };
            self.chr_bank_raw = effective;
            self.base.select_chr_page(0, effective as i16);
        }
    }

    fn registers_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        vec![self.chr_bank_raw]
    }

    fn restore_registers(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        if let Some(&value) = data.first() {
            self.chr_bank_raw = value;
            self.base.select_chr_page(0, value as i16);
        }
    }
}

/// Simple mapper with bank-selectable PRG and CHR-RAM.
///
/// Supports two PRG banking layouts, selected by the `FIXED_LAST` const generic:
/// - `FIXED_LAST = true` (UxROM): switchable lower bank, fixed last bank at upper window
/// - `FIXED_LAST = false` (Mapper 180): fixed first bank at lower window, switchable upper bank
/// - CHR-RAM (not CHR-ROM)
/// - Any write to $8000-$FFFF selects PRG bank
///
/// # Type Parameters
///
/// - `PRG_BANK_KB`: Size of PRG banks in kilobytes (typically 16)
/// - `MAPPER_NUM`: Mapper number for identification
/// - `FIXED_LAST`: When `true`, fixes the last bank at `$C000–$FFFF` (UxROM pattern).
///   When `false`, fixes the first bank at `$8000–$BFFF` (Mapper 180 pattern).
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust,ignore
/// // UxROM (Mapper 2) with 16KB PRG banks, fixed last bank
/// type UxROMMapper = SimpleBankedPrgMapper<16, 2, true>;
///
/// let mapper = UxROMMapper::new(prg_rom, chr_rom, MirroringMode::Horizontal);
/// ```
pub struct SimpleBankedPrgMapper<
    const PRG_BANK_KB: usize,
    const MAPPER_NUM: u8,
    const FIXED_LAST: bool,
> {
    base: BaseMapper,
    /// Current PRG bank selection register value.
    bank_select: u8,
    /// Mask applied to bank register based on ROM size.
    bank_select_mask: u8,
}

impl<const PRG_BANK_KB: usize, const MAPPER_NUM: u8, const FIXED_LAST: bool>
    SimpleBankedPrgMapper<PRG_BANK_KB, MAPPER_NUM, FIXED_LAST>
{
    /// Create a new SimpleBankedPrgMapper.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `ctx` - Mapper construction context with ROM data and header details
    pub fn new(ctx: MapperContext) -> Self {
        let prg_bank_size = PRG_BANK_KB * 1024;
        let num_banks = (ctx.prg_rom.len() / prg_bank_size).max(1);
        let bank_select_mask = (num_banks.next_power_of_two() - 1) as u8;
        // Submapper 2 = explicitly no bus conflicts; all others (including 0 = original
        // UxROM hardware) emulate AND-type bus conflicts.
        let bus_conflicts = ctx.submapper != 2;

        let capabilities = MapperCapabilities {
            max_prg_ram_kb: prg_ram_size_kb(&ctx),
            prg_bank_size_kb: PRG_BANK_KB,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let mut base = BaseMapper::new(&ctx, capabilities);
        base.configure_prg_banking(prg_bank_size);
        if FIXED_LAST {
            // UxROM pattern: fix the last bank at the upper window ($C000–$FFFF)
            base.select_prg_page(1, -1);
        } else {
            // Mapper 180 pattern: fix bank 0 at the lower window ($8000–$BFFF)
            base.select_prg_page(0, 0);
        }
        base.set_bus_conflicts(bus_conflicts);

        Self {
            base,
            bank_select: 0,
            bank_select_mask,
        }
    }
}

impl<const PRG_BANK_KB: usize, const MAPPER_NUM: u8, const FIXED_LAST: bool> Mapper
    for SimpleBankedPrgMapper<PRG_BANK_KB, MAPPER_NUM, FIXED_LAST>
{
    fn base(&self) -> &BaseMapper {
        &self.base
    }

    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BaseMapper {
        &mut self.base
    }

    fn write_prg(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) {
        if self.base.try_write_prg_ram(addr, value) {
            return;
        }

        // Any write to $8000-$FFFF sets the bank register (masked to hardware width).
        if (0x8000..=0xFFFF).contains(&addr) {
            let effective = self.base.apply_bus_conflict(addr, value);
            self.bank_select = effective & self.bank_select_mask;
            let switchable_page = if FIXED_LAST { 0 } else { 1 };
            self.base
                .select_prg_page(switchable_page, self.bank_select as i16);
        }
    }

    fn registers_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        vec![self.bank_select]
    }

    fn restore_registers(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        if !data.is_empty() {
            self.bank_select = data[0];
            let switchable_page = if FIXED_LAST { 0 } else { 1 };
            self.base
                .select_prg_page(switchable_page, self.bank_select as i16);
        }
    }
}

/// Dual 32KB bank mapper with separate PRG and CHR bank selection.
///
/// This template implements the GxROM/ColorDreams pattern:
/// - 32KB PRG bank selection
/// - 8KB CHR bank selection
/// - Single register controls both banks with different bit masks
///
/// # Type Parameters
///
/// - `PRG_MASK`: Bit mask for PRG bank selection (e.g., 0b0011 for 2 bits)
/// - `PRG_SHIFT`: Bit shift for PRG bank (e.g., 4 for bits 4-5)
/// - `CHR_MASK`: Bit mask for CHR bank selection (e.g., 0b0011 for 2 bits)
/// - `CHR_SHIFT`: Bit shift for CHR bank (e.g., 0 for bits 0-1)
/// - `BUS_CONFLICTS`: Whether bus conflicts are enabled (CPU read AND write value)
/// - `MAPPER_NUM`: Mapper number for identification
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust,ignore
/// // GxROM (Mapper 66): PRG bits 4-5, CHR bits 0-1, no bus conflicts
/// type GxROMMapper = DualBank32Mapper<0b0011, 4, 0b0011, 0, false, 66>;
///
/// // ColorDreams (Mapper 11): PRG bits 0-1, CHR bits 4-7, with bus conflicts
/// type ColorDreamsMapper = DualBank32Mapper<0b0011, 0, 0b1111, 4, true, 11>;
///
/// // `ctx` is a `MapperContext` created by the cartridge loader
/// let mapper = GxROMMapper::new(ctx);
/// ```
pub struct DualBank32Mapper<
    const PRG_MASK: u8,
    const PRG_SHIFT: u8,
    const CHR_MASK: u8,
    const CHR_SHIFT: u8,
    const BUS_CONFLICTS: bool,
    const MAPPER_NUM: u8,
> {
    base: BaseMapper,
    /// Raw PRG bank register value (for snapshot/restore).
    prg_bank_raw: u8,
    /// Raw CHR bank register value (for snapshot/restore).
    chr_bank_raw: u8,
}

impl<
    const PRG_MASK: u8,
    const PRG_SHIFT: u8,
    const CHR_MASK: u8,
    const CHR_SHIFT: u8,
    const BUS_CONFLICTS: bool,
    const MAPPER_NUM: u8,
> DualBank32Mapper<PRG_MASK, PRG_SHIFT, CHR_MASK, CHR_SHIFT, BUS_CONFLICTS, MAPPER_NUM>
{
    /// Create a new DualBank32Mapper.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `ctx` - Mapper construction context with ROM data and header details
    pub fn new(ctx: MapperContext) -> Self {
        let capabilities = MapperCapabilities {
            has_chr_banking: true,
            max_prg_ram_kb: prg_ram_size_kb(&ctx),
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let mut base = BaseMapper::new(&ctx, capabilities);
        base.configure_prg_banking(32 * 1024); // 32KB pages → 1 slot
        base.configure_chr_banking(8 * 1024); // 8KB pages → 1 slot
        base.set_bus_conflicts(BUS_CONFLICTS);

        Self {
            base,
            prg_bank_raw: 0,
            chr_bank_raw: 0,
        }
    }
}

impl<
    const PRG_MASK: u8,
    const PRG_SHIFT: u8,
    const CHR_MASK: u8,
    const CHR_SHIFT: u8,
    const BUS_CONFLICTS: bool,
    const MAPPER_NUM: u8,
> Mapper for DualBank32Mapper<PRG_MASK, PRG_SHIFT, CHR_MASK, CHR_SHIFT, BUS_CONFLICTS, MAPPER_NUM>
{
    fn base(&self) -> &BaseMapper {
        &self.base
    }

    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BaseMapper {
        &mut self.base
    }

    fn write_prg(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) {
        if self.base.try_write_prg_ram(addr, value) {
            return;
        }

        if (0x8000..=0xFFFF).contains(&addr) {
            // Apply bus conflicts if enabled (AND write value with ROM data)
            let effective = self.base.apply_bus_conflict(addr, value);
            // Extract PRG and CHR banks using configured masks and shifts
            self.chr_bank_raw = (effective >> CHR_SHIFT) & CHR_MASK;
            self.prg_bank_raw = (effective >> PRG_SHIFT) & PRG_MASK;
            self.base.select_chr_page(0, self.chr_bank_raw as i16);
            self.base.select_prg_page(0, self.prg_bank_raw as i16);
        }
    }

    fn registers_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        vec![self.prg_bank_raw, self.chr_bank_raw]
    }

    fn restore_registers(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        if let Some(&value) = data.first() {
            self.prg_bank_raw = value;
            self.base.select_prg_page(0, value as i16);
        }
        if let Some(&value) = data.get(1) {
            self.chr_bank_raw = value;
            self.base.select_chr_page(0, value as i16);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::super::mapper::MapperContext;
    use super::*;
    use crate::nes::cartridge::NametableLayout;

    // Test helper to create banked data
    fn banked_data(bank_size: usize, num_banks: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut data = vec![0; bank_size * num_banks];
        for bank in 0..num_banks {
            let start = bank * bank_size;
            let end = start + bank_size;
            for byte in &mut data[start..end] {
                *byte = bank as u8;
            }
        }
        data
    }

    // SimpleFixedPrgMapper tests
    mod simple_fixed_prg {
        use super::*;

        type TestMapper = SimpleFixedPrgMapper<8, 3>;

        #[test]
        fn test_fixed_prg_no_banking() {
            let mut prg_rom = vec![0; 32 * 1024];
            for (i, byte) in prg_rom.iter_mut().enumerate() {
                *byte = (i / 1024) as u8;
            }

            let mapper = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                3,
                prg_rom,
                vec![0; 32 * 1024],
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 0);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x9000), 4);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 16);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xFFFF), 31);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_chr_bank_switching() {
            let mut chr_rom = vec![0; 32 * 1024];
            for bank in 0..4 {
                let start = bank * 8 * 1024;
                let end = start + 8 * 1024;
                for byte in &mut chr_rom[start..end] {
                    *byte = (bank * 10) as u8;
                }
            }

            let mut mapper = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                3,
                vec![0xFF; 32 * 1024], // 0xFF ensures bus conflicts don't mask the bank select
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 0);

            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 1);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 10);

            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 2);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 20);

            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 3);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 30);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_chr_bank_wrapping() {
            let mut chr_rom = vec![0; 16 * 1024]; // Only 2 banks
            for bank in 0..2 {
                let start = bank * 8 * 1024;
                let end = start + 8 * 1024;
                for byte in &mut chr_rom[start..end] {
                    *byte = (bank * 50) as u8;
                }
            }

            let mut mapper = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                3,
                vec![0xFF; 32 * 1024], // 0xFF ensures bus conflicts don't mask the bank select
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Vertical,
            ));

            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0b0000_0001);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 50);

            // Writing higher bits should wrap (only 2 banks available)
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0b0000_0011); // Bank 3 wraps to bank 1
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 50);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_registers_snapshot_restore() {
            let mut chr_rom = vec![0; 32 * 1024];
            for bank in 0..4 {
                let start = bank * 8 * 1024;
                let end = start + 8 * 1024;
                for byte in &mut chr_rom[start..end] {
                    *byte = (bank * 7) as u8;
                }
            }

            let mut mapper = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                3,
                vec![0xFF; 32 * 1024], // 0xFF ensures bus conflicts don't mask the bank select
                chr_rom.clone(),
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0b0000_0011);

            let registers = mapper.registers_snapshot();

            let mut restored = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                3,
                vec![0xFF; 32 * 1024], // 0xFF ensures bus conflicts don't mask the bank select
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));
            restored.restore_registers(&registers);

            assert_eq!(restored.read_chr(0x0000), 21);
            assert_eq!(restored.read_chr(0x1FFF), 21);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_mapper_number() {
            let mapper = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                3,
                vec![0; 32 * 1024],
                vec![0; 32 * 1024],
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));
            assert_eq!(mapper.mapper_number(), 3);
        }
    }

    // SimpleBankedPrgMapper tests
    mod simple_banked_prg {
        use super::*;

        type TestMapper = SimpleBankedPrgMapper<16, 2, true>;

        #[test]
        fn test_prg_bank_switching() {
            let mut prg_rom = vec![0; 128 * 1024]; // 8 banks of 16KB
            for bank in 0..8 {
                let start = bank * 16 * 1024;
                let end = start + 16 * 1024;
                for byte in &mut prg_rom[start..end] {
                    *byte = bank as u8;
                }
            }

            let mut mapper = TestMapper::new(
                MapperContext::new_for_test(2, prg_rom, vec![], NametableLayout::Horizontal)
                    .with_submapper(2),
            );

            // Initially bank 0 at $8000-$BFFF
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 0);

            // Last bank (7) at $C000-$FFFF
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 7);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xFFFF), 7);

            // Switch to bank 3
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 3);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 3);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xBFFF), 3);

            // Last bank unchanged
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 7);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_chr_ram() {
            let mut mapper = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                2,
                vec![0; 128 * 1024],
                vec![],
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            mapper.write_chr(0x0000, 0xAA);
            mapper.write_chr(0x1000, 0xBB);
            mapper.write_chr(0x1FFF, 0xCC);

            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 0xAA);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x1000), 0xBB);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x1FFF), 0xCC);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_fixed_last_bank() {
            let mut prg_rom = vec![0; 256 * 1024]; // 16 banks
            for bank in 0..16 {
                let start = bank * 16 * 1024;
                let end = start + 16 * 1024;
                for byte in &mut prg_rom[start..end] {
                    *byte = (bank + 100) as u8;
                }
            }

            let mut mapper = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                2,
                prg_rom,
                vec![],
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            // Last bank should always be 115 (bank 15 + 100)
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 115);

            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 115);

            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 5);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 115);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_registers_snapshot_restore() {
            let mut prg_rom = vec![0; 128 * 1024];
            for bank in 0..8 {
                let start = bank * 16 * 1024;
                let end = start + 16 * 1024;
                for byte in &mut prg_rom[start..end] {
                    *byte = bank as u8;
                }
            }

            let mut mapper = TestMapper::new(
                MapperContext::new_for_test(
                    2,
                    prg_rom.clone(),
                    vec![],
                    NametableLayout::Horizontal,
                )
                .with_submapper(2),
            );
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 3);
            mapper.write_chr(0x0000, 0x5A);

            let regs = mapper.registers_snapshot();
            let chr = mapper.chr_ram_snapshot();

            let mut restored = TestMapper::new(
                MapperContext::new_for_test(2, prg_rom, vec![], NametableLayout::Horizontal)
                    .with_submapper(2),
            );
            restored.restore_registers(&regs);
            restored.restore_chr_ram(&chr);

            assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0x8000), 3);
            assert_eq!(restored.read_chr(0x0000), 0x5A);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_mapper_number() {
            let mapper = TestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                2,
                vec![0; 128 * 1024],
                vec![],
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));
            assert_eq!(mapper.mapper_number(), 2);
        }
    }

    // DualBank32Mapper tests
    mod dual_bank32 {
        use super::*;

        // GxROM: PRG bits 4-5, CHR bits 0-1, no bus conflicts
        type GxROMTestMapper = DualBank32Mapper<0b0011, 4, 0b0011, 0, false, 66>;
        // Wide 4-bit masks: PRG bits 4-7, CHR bits 0-3, no bus conflicts
        // (tests wider mask values than GxROM's 2-bit masks)
        type WideMaskTestMapper = DualBank32Mapper<0b1111, 4, 0b1111, 0, false, 11>;
        // Bus conflict variant: PRG bits 0-1, CHR bits 4-7, bus conflicts enabled
        // (matches real ColorDreams register layout)
        type BusConflictTestMapper = DualBank32Mapper<0b0011, 0, 0b1111, 4, true, 11>;

        #[test]
        fn test_gxrom_bank_selection() {
            let prg_rom = banked_data(32 * 1024, 4);
            let chr_rom = banked_data(8 * 1024, 4);

            let mut mapper = GxROMTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                66,
                prg_rom,
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            // Initial banks
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 0);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 0);

            // Select PRG bank 1, CHR bank 2: 0b0001_0010 = 0x12
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x12);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 1);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 2);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_wide_mask_bank_selection() {
            let prg_rom = banked_data(32 * 1024, 16);
            let chr_rom = banked_data(8 * 1024, 16);

            let mut mapper = WideMaskTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                11,
                prg_rom,
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            // Select PRG bank 8, CHR bank 5: 0b1000_0101 = 0x85
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x85);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 8);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 5);

            // Select PRG bank 15, CHR bank 15: 0b1111_1111 = 0xFF
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0xFF);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 15);
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 15);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_bank_wrapping() {
            let prg_rom = banked_data(32 * 1024, 4); // Only 4 banks
            let chr_rom = banked_data(8 * 1024, 2); // Only 2 banks

            let mut mapper = WideMaskTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                11,
                prg_rom,
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            // Select bank 5, should wrap to bank 1 (5 % 4 = 1)
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x50); // 0b0101_0000
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 1);

            // Select CHR bank 3, should wrap to bank 1 (3 % 2 = 1)
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x03); // 0b0000_0011
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 1);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_registers_snapshot_restore() {
            let prg_rom = banked_data(32 * 1024, 4);
            let chr_rom = banked_data(8 * 1024, 4);

            let mut mapper = GxROMTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                66,
                prg_rom.clone(),
                chr_rom.clone(),
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x21); // PRG bank 2, CHR bank 1

            let snapshot = mapper.registers_snapshot();

            let mut restored = GxROMTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                66,
                prg_rom,
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));
            restored.restore_registers(&snapshot);

            assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0x8000), 2);
            assert_eq!(restored.read_chr(0x0000), 1);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_mapper_numbers() {
            let prg_rom = vec![0; 128 * 1024];
            let chr_rom = vec![0; 32 * 1024];

            let gxrom = GxROMTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                66,
                prg_rom.clone(),
                chr_rom.clone(),
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));
            assert_eq!(gxrom.mapper_number(), 66);

            let wide_mask = WideMaskTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                11,
                prg_rom,
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));
            assert_eq!(wide_mask.mapper_number(), 11);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_bus_conflicts_mask_write_value() {
            // PRG-ROM bank 0 filled with 0x00: bus conflict ANDs write value with 0x00
            let mut prg_rom = vec![0u8; 4 * 32 * 1024];
            // Bank 1 filled with 0x01
            for byte in &mut prg_rom[32 * 1024..2 * 32 * 1024] {
                *byte = 0x01;
            }
            let chr_rom = banked_data(8 * 1024, 16);

            let mut mapper = BusConflictTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                11,
                prg_rom,
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            // Bank 0 is selected, all bytes are 0x00.
            // Write 0x01 to $8000: bus conflict → 0x01 & 0x00 = 0x00, so bank stays 0.
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x01);
            assert_eq!(
                mapper.read_prg(0x8000),
                0,
                "bus conflict should mask the write"
            );
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_no_bus_conflicts_when_disabled() {
            let prg_rom = banked_data(32 * 1024, 4);
            let chr_rom = banked_data(8 * 1024, 4);

            let mut mapper = GxROMTestMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
                66,
                prg_rom,
                chr_rom,
                NametableLayout::Horizontal,
            ));

            // Write bank 1 to PRG (bit 4 = 0x10): no bus conflicts, so it works
            mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x10);
            assert_eq!(
                mapper.read_prg(0x8000),
                1,
                "no bus conflict, bank should switch"
            );
        }
    }
}