nautilus-common 0.65.0

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Copyright (C) 2015-2026 Nautech Systems Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.
//  https://nautechsystems.io
//
//  Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3.0 (the "License");
//  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//  You may obtain a copy of the License at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.en.html
//
//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//  limitations under the License.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//! Greeks calculator for options and futures.

use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, fmt::Debug, rc::Rc};

use ahash::AHashMap;
use nautilus_core::UnixNanos;
use nautilus_model::{
    data::greeks::{
        GreeksData, OptionGreekValues, PortfolioGreeks, black_scholes_greeks, imply_vol_and_greeks,
        refine_vol_and_greeks,
    },
    enums::{AssetClass, InstrumentClass, OptionKind, PositionSide, PriceType},
    identifiers::{InstrumentId, StrategyId, Venue},
    instruments::{Instrument, any::InstrumentAny},
    position::Position,
    types::Price,
};

use crate::{
    actor::DataActorNative,
    cache::{Cache, refs::PositionRef},
    clock::Clock,
    msgbus,
    msgbus::TypedHandler,
};

/// Type alias for a greeks filter function.
pub type GreeksFilter = Box<dyn Fn(&GreeksData) -> bool>;

/// Cloneable wrapper for greeks filter functions.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub enum GreeksFilterCallback {
    /// Function pointer (non-capturing closure)
    Function(fn(&GreeksData) -> bool),
    /// Boxed closure (may capture variables)
    Closure(std::rc::Rc<dyn Fn(&GreeksData) -> bool>),
}

impl GreeksFilterCallback {
    /// Create a new filter from a function pointer.
    pub fn from_fn(f: fn(&GreeksData) -> bool) -> Self {
        Self::Function(f)
    }

    /// Create a new filter from a closure.
    pub fn from_closure<F>(f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(&GreeksData) -> bool + 'static,
    {
        Self::Closure(std::rc::Rc::new(f))
    }

    /// Call the filter function.
    pub fn call(&self, data: &GreeksData) -> bool {
        match self {
            Self::Function(f) => f(data),
            Self::Closure(f) => f(data),
        }
    }

    /// Convert to the original `GreeksFilter` type.
    pub fn to_greeks_filter(self) -> GreeksFilter {
        match self {
            Self::Function(f) => Box::new(f),
            Self::Closure(f) => {
                let f_clone = f.clone();
                Box::new(move |data| f_clone(data))
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Debug for GreeksFilterCallback {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Function(_) => f.write_str("GreeksFilterCallback::Function"),
            Self::Closure(_) => f.write_str("GreeksFilterCallback::Closure"),
        }
    }
}

/// Builder for instrument greeks calculation parameters.
#[derive(Debug, bon::Builder)]
pub struct InstrumentGreeksParams {
    /// The instrument ID to calculate greeks for
    pub instrument_id: InstrumentId,
    /// Flat interest rate (default: 0.0425)
    #[builder(default = 0.0425)]
    pub flat_interest_rate: f64,
    /// Flat dividend yield
    pub flat_dividend_yield: Option<f64>,
    /// Spot price shock (default: 0.0)
    #[builder(default = 0.0)]
    pub spot_shock: f64,
    /// Volatility shock (default: 0.0)
    #[builder(default = 0.0)]
    pub vol_shock: f64,
    /// Time to expiry shock (default: 0.0)
    #[builder(default = 0.0)]
    pub time_to_expiry_shock: f64,
    /// Whether to use cached greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub use_cached_greeks: bool,
    /// Whether to update vol from cached greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub update_vol: bool,
    /// Whether to cache greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub cache_greeks: bool,
    /// Whether to publish greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub publish_greeks: bool,
    /// Event timestamp
    pub ts_event: Option<UnixNanos>,
    /// Position for PnL calculation
    pub position: Option<Position>,
    /// Whether to compute percent greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub percent_greeks: bool,
    /// Index instrument ID for beta weighting
    pub index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
    /// Beta weights for portfolio calculations
    pub beta_weights: Option<HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
    /// Base value in days for time-weighting vega
    pub vega_time_weight_base: Option<i32>,
    /// Volatility index instrument ID for vega beta weighting, for example VIX.
    pub vol_index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
    /// Volatility beta weights for portfolio vega calculations
    pub vol_beta_weights: Option<HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
}

impl InstrumentGreeksParams {
    /// Calculate instrument greeks using the builder parameters.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the greeks calculation fails.
    pub fn calculate(&self, calculator: &GreeksCalculator) -> anyhow::Result<GreeksData> {
        calculator.instrument_greeks(
            self.instrument_id,
            Some(self.flat_interest_rate),
            self.flat_dividend_yield,
            Some(self.spot_shock),
            Some(self.vol_shock),
            Some(self.time_to_expiry_shock),
            Some(self.use_cached_greeks),
            Some(self.update_vol),
            Some(self.cache_greeks),
            Some(self.publish_greeks),
            self.ts_event,
            self.position.clone(),
            Some(self.percent_greeks),
            self.index_instrument_id,
            self.beta_weights.as_ref(),
            self.vega_time_weight_base,
            self.vol_index_instrument_id,
            self.vol_beta_weights.as_ref(),
        )
    }
}

/// Builder for portfolio greeks calculation parameters.
#[derive(bon::Builder)]
pub struct PortfolioGreeksParams {
    /// List of underlying symbols to filter by
    pub underlyings: Option<Vec<String>>,
    /// Venue to filter positions by
    pub venue: Option<Venue>,
    /// Instrument ID to filter positions by
    pub instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
    /// Strategy ID to filter positions by
    pub strategy_id: Option<StrategyId>,
    /// Position side to filter by (default: `None`)
    pub side: Option<PositionSide>,
    /// Flat interest rate (default: 0.0425)
    #[builder(default = 0.0425)]
    pub flat_interest_rate: f64,
    /// Flat dividend yield
    pub flat_dividend_yield: Option<f64>,
    /// Spot price shock (default: 0.0)
    #[builder(default = 0.0)]
    pub spot_shock: f64,
    /// Volatility shock (default: 0.0)
    #[builder(default = 0.0)]
    pub vol_shock: f64,
    /// Time to expiry shock (default: 0.0)
    #[builder(default = 0.0)]
    pub time_to_expiry_shock: f64,
    /// Whether to use cached greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub use_cached_greeks: bool,
    /// Whether to update vol from cached greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub update_vol: bool,
    /// Whether to cache greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub cache_greeks: bool,
    /// Whether to publish greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub publish_greeks: bool,
    /// Whether to compute percent greeks (default: false)
    #[builder(default = false)]
    pub percent_greeks: bool,
    /// Index instrument ID for beta weighting
    pub index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
    /// Beta weights for portfolio calculations
    pub beta_weights: Option<HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
    /// Filter function for greeks
    pub greeks_filter: Option<GreeksFilterCallback>,
    /// Base value in days for time-weighting vega
    pub vega_time_weight_base: Option<i32>,
    /// Volatility index instrument ID for vega beta weighting, for example VIX.
    pub vol_index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
    /// Volatility beta weights for portfolio vega calculations
    pub vol_beta_weights: Option<HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
}

impl Debug for PortfolioGreeksParams {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct(stringify!(PortfolioGreeksParams))
            .field("underlyings", &self.underlyings)
            .field("venue", &self.venue)
            .field("instrument_id", &self.instrument_id)
            .field("strategy_id", &self.strategy_id)
            .field("side", &self.side)
            .field("flat_interest_rate", &self.flat_interest_rate)
            .field("flat_dividend_yield", &self.flat_dividend_yield)
            .field("spot_shock", &self.spot_shock)
            .field("vol_shock", &self.vol_shock)
            .field("time_to_expiry_shock", &self.time_to_expiry_shock)
            .field("use_cached_greeks", &self.use_cached_greeks)
            .field("update_vol", &self.update_vol)
            .field("cache_greeks", &self.cache_greeks)
            .field("publish_greeks", &self.publish_greeks)
            .field("percent_greeks", &self.percent_greeks)
            .field("index_instrument_id", &self.index_instrument_id)
            .field("beta_weights", &self.beta_weights)
            .field("greeks_filter", &self.greeks_filter)
            .field("vega_time_weight_base", &self.vega_time_weight_base)
            .field("vol_index_instrument_id", &self.vol_index_instrument_id)
            .field("vol_beta_weights", &self.vol_beta_weights)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl PortfolioGreeksParams {
    /// Calculate portfolio greeks using the builder parameters.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the portfolio greeks calculation fails.
    pub fn calculate(&self, calculator: &GreeksCalculator) -> anyhow::Result<PortfolioGreeks> {
        let greeks_filter = self
            .greeks_filter
            .as_ref()
            .map(|f| f.clone().to_greeks_filter());

        calculator.portfolio_greeks(
            self.underlyings.as_deref(),
            self.venue,
            self.instrument_id,
            self.strategy_id,
            self.side,
            Some(self.flat_interest_rate),
            self.flat_dividend_yield,
            Some(self.spot_shock),
            Some(self.vol_shock),
            Some(self.time_to_expiry_shock),
            Some(self.use_cached_greeks),
            Some(self.update_vol),
            Some(self.cache_greeks),
            Some(self.publish_greeks),
            Some(self.percent_greeks),
            self.index_instrument_id,
            self.beta_weights.as_ref(),
            greeks_filter.as_ref(),
            self.vega_time_weight_base,
            self.vol_index_instrument_id,
            self.vol_beta_weights.as_ref(),
        )
    }
}

/// Calculates instrument and portfolio greeks (sensitivities of price moves with respect to market data moves).
///
/// Useful for risk management of options and futures portfolios.
///
/// Currently implemented greeks are:
/// - Delta (first derivative of price with respect to spot move).
/// - Gamma (second derivative of price with respect to spot move).
/// - Vega (first derivative of price with respect to implied volatility of an option).
/// - Theta (first derivative of price with respect to time to expiry).
///
/// Vega is expressed in terms of absolute percent changes ((dV / dVol) / 100).
/// Theta is expressed in terms of daily changes ((dV / d(T-t)) / 365.25, where T is the expiry of an option and t is the current time).
///
/// Also note that for ease of implementation we consider that american options (for stock options for example) are european for the computation of greeks.
#[allow(dead_code)]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct GreeksCalculator {
    cache: Rc<RefCell<Cache>>,
    clock: Rc<RefCell<dyn Clock>>,
    cached_futures_spreads: RefCell<AHashMap<InstrumentId, (InstrumentId, Price)>>,
}

impl GreeksCalculator {
    /// Creates a new [`GreeksCalculator`] instance.
    pub fn new(cache: Rc<RefCell<Cache>>, clock: Rc<RefCell<dyn Clock>>) -> Self {
        Self {
            cache,
            clock,
            cached_futures_spreads: RefCell::new(AHashMap::new()),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new [`GreeksCalculator`] from a registered native actor.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the actor has not been registered with a trader.
    pub fn from_actor(actor: &impl DataActorNative) -> Self {
        Self::new(actor.cache_rc(), actor.clock_rc())
    }

    /// Calculates option or underlying greeks for a given instrument and a quantity of 1.
    ///
    /// Additional features:
    /// - Apply shocks to the spot value of the instrument's underlying, implied volatility, or time to expiry.
    /// - Compute percent greeks.
    /// - Compute beta-weighted delta, gamma, and vega with respect to an index.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the instrument definition is not found, an option instrument
    /// has no underlying identifier, or greeks calculation fails.
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn instrument_greeks(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        flat_interest_rate: Option<f64>,
        flat_dividend_yield: Option<f64>,
        spot_shock: Option<f64>,
        vol_shock: Option<f64>,
        time_to_expiry_shock: Option<f64>,
        use_cached_greeks: Option<bool>,
        update_vol: Option<bool>,
        cache_greeks: Option<bool>,
        publish_greeks: Option<bool>,
        ts_event: Option<UnixNanos>,
        position: Option<Position>,
        percent_greeks: Option<bool>,
        index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
        vega_time_weight_base: Option<i32>,
        vol_index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        vol_beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<GreeksData> {
        // Set default values
        let flat_interest_rate = flat_interest_rate.unwrap_or(0.0425);
        let spot_shock = spot_shock.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let vol_shock = vol_shock.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let time_to_expiry_shock = time_to_expiry_shock.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let use_cached_greeks = use_cached_greeks.unwrap_or(false);
        let update_vol = update_vol.unwrap_or(false);
        let cache_greeks = cache_greeks.unwrap_or(false);
        let publish_greeks = publish_greeks.unwrap_or(false);
        let ts_event = ts_event.unwrap_or_default();
        let percent_greeks = percent_greeks.unwrap_or(false);

        let instrument = {
            let cache = self.cache.borrow();
            cache.try_instrument(&instrument_id)?.clone()
        };

        if instrument.instrument_class() != InstrumentClass::Option {
            return self.calculate_non_option_greeks(
                &instrument,
                instrument_id,
                spot_shock,
                ts_event,
                position,
                percent_greeks,
                index_instrument_id,
                beta_weights,
            );
        }

        let underlying_instrument_id =
            Self::resolve_underlying_instrument_id(&instrument, instrument_id)?;
        let mut greeks_data = self.calculate_option_greeks(
            &instrument,
            instrument_id,
            underlying_instrument_id,
            flat_interest_rate,
            flat_dividend_yield,
            use_cached_greeks,
            update_vol,
            cache_greeks,
            publish_greeks,
            ts_event,
            percent_greeks,
            index_instrument_id,
            beta_weights,
            vega_time_weight_base,
            vol_index_instrument_id,
            vol_beta_weights,
        )?;

        if spot_shock != 0.0 || vol_shock != 0.0 || time_to_expiry_shock != 0.0 {
            greeks_data = self.apply_option_greeks_shocks(
                &greeks_data,
                underlying_instrument_id,
                spot_shock,
                vol_shock,
                time_to_expiry_shock,
                percent_greeks,
                index_instrument_id,
                beta_weights,
                vega_time_weight_base,
                vol_index_instrument_id,
                vol_beta_weights,
            )?;
        }

        if let Some(pos) = position {
            greeks_data.pnl = greeks_data.price - pos.avg_px_open;
        }

        Ok(greeks_data)
    }

    fn resolve_underlying_instrument_id(
        instrument: &InstrumentAny,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<InstrumentId> {
        let Some(underlying) = instrument.underlying() else {
            anyhow::bail!("Instrument {instrument_id} has no underlying identifier");
        };

        Ok(InstrumentId::from(format!(
            "{}.{}",
            underlying, instrument_id.venue
        )))
    }

    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn calculate_non_option_greeks(
        &self,
        instrument: &InstrumentAny,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        spot_shock: f64,
        ts_event: UnixNanos,
        position: Option<Position>,
        percent_greeks: bool,
        index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<GreeksData> {
        let multiplier = instrument.multiplier();
        let underlying_instrument_id = instrument.id();
        let underlying_price = self
            .get_price(&underlying_instrument_id)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("No price available for {underlying_instrument_id}"))?;
        let (delta, _, _) = self.modify_greeks(
            1.0,
            0.0,
            underlying_instrument_id,
            underlying_price + spot_shock,
            underlying_price,
            percent_greeks,
            index_instrument_id,
            beta_weights,
            0.0,
            0.0,
            0,
            None,
            0.0,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
        )?;
        let mut greeks_data =
            GreeksData::from_delta(instrument_id, delta, multiplier.as_f64(), ts_event);

        if let Some(pos) = position {
            greeks_data.pnl = (underlying_price + spot_shock) - pos.avg_px_open;
            greeks_data.price = greeks_data.pnl;
        }

        Ok(greeks_data)
    }

    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn calculate_option_greeks(
        &self,
        instrument: &InstrumentAny,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        underlying_instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        flat_interest_rate: f64,
        flat_dividend_yield: Option<f64>,
        use_cached_greeks: bool,
        update_vol: bool,
        cache_greeks: bool,
        publish_greeks: bool,
        ts_event: UnixNanos,
        percent_greeks: bool,
        index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
        vega_time_weight_base: Option<i32>,
        vol_index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        vol_beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<GreeksData> {
        if use_cached_greeks {
            let cache = self.cache.borrow();
            if let Some(cached_greeks) = cache.greeks(&instrument_id) {
                return Ok(cached_greeks);
            }
        }

        let utc_now_ns = if ts_event == UnixNanos::default() {
            self.clock.borrow().timestamp_ns()
        } else {
            ts_event
        };
        let utc_now = utc_now_ns.to_datetime_utc();
        let expiry_utc = instrument
            .expiration_ns()
            .map(|ns| ns.to_datetime_utc())
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let expiry_int = expiry_utc
            .strftime("%Y%m%d")
            .to_string()
            .parse::<i32>()
            .unwrap_or(0);
        let raw_days = utc_now.duration_until(expiry_utc).as_hours() / 24;
        let expiry_in_days = raw_days.max(1) as i32;
        let expiry_in_years = expiry_in_days as f64 / 365.25;
        let currency = instrument.quote_currency().code.to_string();

        let cache = self.cache.borrow();
        let yield_curve = cache.yield_curve(&currency);
        let interest_rate = match yield_curve {
            Some(yield_curve) => yield_curve(expiry_in_years),
            None => flat_interest_rate,
        };
        let dividend_curve = cache.yield_curve(&underlying_instrument_id.to_string());
        drop(cache);

        let mut cost_of_carry = 0.0;

        if let Some(dividend_curve) = dividend_curve {
            cost_of_carry = interest_rate - dividend_curve(expiry_in_years);
        } else if let Some(div_yield) = flat_dividend_yield {
            cost_of_carry = interest_rate - div_yield;
        }

        let multiplier = instrument.multiplier();
        let is_call = instrument.option_kind().unwrap_or(OptionKind::Call) == OptionKind::Call;
        let strike = instrument.strike_price().unwrap_or_default().as_f64();
        let option_price = self
            .get_price(&instrument_id)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("No price available for {instrument_id}"))?;
        let underlying_price = self.get_underlying_price(&underlying_instrument_id)?;

        if let Some(vol_index_id) = vol_index_instrument_id {
            self.get_price(&vol_index_id)
                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("No price available for {vol_index_id}"))?;
        }
        let greeks = if update_vol {
            let cached_greeks = self.cache.borrow().greeks(&instrument_id);
            match cached_greeks {
                Some(cached_greeks) => refine_vol_and_greeks(
                    underlying_price,
                    interest_rate,
                    cost_of_carry,
                    is_call,
                    strike,
                    expiry_in_years,
                    option_price,
                    cached_greeks.vol,
                ),
                None => imply_vol_and_greeks(
                    underlying_price,
                    interest_rate,
                    cost_of_carry,
                    is_call,
                    strike,
                    expiry_in_years,
                    option_price,
                ),
            }
        } else {
            imply_vol_and_greeks(
                underlying_price,
                interest_rate,
                cost_of_carry,
                is_call,
                strike,
                expiry_in_years,
                option_price,
            )
        };
        let (delta, gamma, vega) = self.modify_greeks(
            greeks.delta,
            greeks.gamma,
            underlying_instrument_id,
            underlying_price,
            underlying_price,
            percent_greeks,
            index_instrument_id,
            beta_weights,
            greeks.vega,
            greeks.vol,
            expiry_in_days,
            vega_time_weight_base,
            greeks.vol,
            vol_index_instrument_id,
            vol_beta_weights,
            None,
            None,
        )?;
        let greeks_data = GreeksData::new(
            utc_now_ns,
            utc_now_ns,
            instrument_id,
            is_call,
            strike,
            expiry_int,
            expiry_in_days,
            expiry_in_years,
            multiplier.as_f64(),
            1.0,
            underlying_price,
            interest_rate,
            cost_of_carry,
            greeks.vol,
            0.0,
            greeks.price,
            OptionGreekValues {
                delta,
                gamma,
                vega,
                theta: greeks.theta,
                rho: 0.0,
            },
            greeks.itm_prob,
        );

        if cache_greeks {
            let mut cache = self.cache.borrow_mut();
            cache.add_greeks(greeks_data.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
        }

        if publish_greeks {
            let topic = format!(
                "data.GreeksData.instrument_id={}",
                instrument_id.symbol.as_str()
            )
            .into();
            msgbus::publish_greeks(topic, &greeks_data);
        }

        Ok(greeks_data)
    }

    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn apply_option_greeks_shocks(
        &self,
        greeks_data: &GreeksData,
        underlying_instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        spot_shock: f64,
        vol_shock: f64,
        time_to_expiry_shock: f64,
        percent_greeks: bool,
        index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
        vega_time_weight_base: Option<i32>,
        vol_index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        vol_beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<GreeksData> {
        let underlying_price = greeks_data.underlying_price;
        let shocked_underlying_price = underlying_price + spot_shock;
        let shocked_vol = greeks_data.vol + vol_shock;
        let shocked_time_to_expiry = greeks_data.expiry_in_years - time_to_expiry_shock;
        let shocked_expiry_in_days = (shocked_time_to_expiry * 365.25) as i32;

        let greeks = black_scholes_greeks(
            shocked_underlying_price,
            greeks_data.interest_rate,
            greeks_data.cost_of_carry,
            shocked_vol,
            greeks_data.is_call,
            greeks_data.strike,
            shocked_time_to_expiry,
        );
        let (delta, gamma, vega) = self.modify_greeks(
            greeks.delta,
            greeks.gamma,
            underlying_instrument_id,
            shocked_underlying_price,
            underlying_price,
            percent_greeks,
            index_instrument_id,
            beta_weights,
            greeks.vega,
            shocked_vol,
            shocked_expiry_in_days,
            vega_time_weight_base,
            greeks_data.vol,
            vol_index_instrument_id,
            vol_beta_weights,
            None,
            None,
        )?;
        Ok(GreeksData::new(
            greeks_data.ts_event,
            greeks_data.ts_event,
            greeks_data.instrument_id,
            greeks_data.is_call,
            greeks_data.strike,
            greeks_data.expiry,
            shocked_expiry_in_days,
            shocked_time_to_expiry,
            greeks_data.multiplier,
            greeks_data.quantity,
            shocked_underlying_price,
            greeks_data.interest_rate,
            greeks_data.cost_of_carry,
            shocked_vol,
            0.0,
            greeks.price,
            OptionGreekValues {
                delta,
                gamma,
                vega,
                theta: greeks.theta,
                rho: 0.0,
            },
            greeks.itm_prob,
        ))
    }

    fn get_underlying_price(&self, underlying_instrument_id: &InstrumentId) -> anyhow::Result<f64> {
        if let Some(underlying_price) = self.get_price(underlying_instrument_id) {
            return Ok(underlying_price);
        }

        // Only fall back to cached futures spread when the underlying is a future
        // (or absent from the cache, since the spread was explicitly cached).
        let is_future_or_absent = {
            let cache = self.cache.borrow();
            cache
                .instrument(underlying_instrument_id)
                .is_none_or(|inst| inst.instrument_class() == InstrumentClass::Future)
        };

        if is_future_or_absent
            && let Some(underlying_price) =
                self.get_cached_futures_spread_price(*underlying_instrument_id)
        {
            return Ok(underlying_price.as_f64());
        }

        anyhow::bail!("No price available for {underlying_instrument_id}")
    }

    /// Modifies delta, gamma, and vega based on beta weighting and percentage calculations.
    ///
    /// The beta weighting of delta and gamma follows this equation linking the returns of a stock x to the ones of an index I:
    /// (x - x0) / x0 = alpha + beta (I - I0) / I0 + epsilon
    ///
    /// beta can be obtained by linear regression of `stock_return` = alpha + beta `index_return`, it's equal to:
    /// beta = Covariance(`stock_returns`, `index_returns`) / Variance(`index_returns`)
    ///
    /// Considering alpha == 0:
    /// x = x0 + beta x0 / I0 (I-I0)
    /// I = I0 + 1 / beta I0 / x0 (x - x0)
    ///
    /// These two last equations explain the beta weighting below, considering the price of an option is V(x) and delta and gamma
    /// are the first and second derivatives respectively of V.
    ///
    /// Vega beta weighting follows the same change of variable with implied volatility and a volatility index.
    ///
    /// Also percent greeks assume a change of variable to percent returns by writing:
    /// V(x = x0 * (1 + `stock_percent_return` / 100))
    /// or V(I = I0 * (1 + `index_percent_return` / 100))
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if `vol_index_instrument_id` is supplied and no explicit or cached
    /// volatility index price is available.
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn modify_greeks(
        &self,
        delta_input: f64,
        gamma_input: f64,
        underlying_instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        underlying_price: f64,
        unshocked_underlying_price: f64,
        percent_greeks: bool,
        index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
        vega_input: f64,
        vol: f64,
        expiry_in_days: i32,
        vega_time_weight_base: Option<i32>,
        unshocked_vol: f64,
        vol_index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        vol_beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
        index_price: Option<f64>,
        vol_index_price: Option<f64>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<(f64, f64, f64)> {
        let mut delta = delta_input;
        let mut gamma = gamma_input;
        let mut vega = vega_input;

        let mut used_index_price = index_price
            .or_else(|| index_instrument_id.and_then(|index_id| self.get_price(&index_id)));
        let mut used_index_vol = vol_index_price;
        if used_index_vol.is_none()
            && let Some(vol_index_id) = vol_index_instrument_id
        {
            used_index_vol = Some(
                self.get_price(&vol_index_id)
                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("No price available for {vol_index_id}"))?,
            );
        }

        if used_index_price.is_some() {
            let mut beta = 1.0;

            if let Some(weights) = beta_weights
                && let Some(&weight) = weights.get(&underlying_instrument_id)
            {
                beta = weight;
            }

            if let Some(ref mut idx_price) = used_index_price {
                #[expect(clippy::float_cmp, reason = "exact-equality baseline check")]
                if underlying_price != unshocked_underlying_price {
                    *idx_price += 1.0 / beta
                        * (*idx_price / unshocked_underlying_price)
                        * (underlying_price - unshocked_underlying_price);
                }

                let delta_multiplier = beta * underlying_price / *idx_price;
                delta *= delta_multiplier;
                gamma *= delta_multiplier.powi(2);
            }
        }

        if used_index_vol.is_some() {
            let mut vega_beta = 1.0;
            let used_vol = if unshocked_vol == 0.0 {
                vol
            } else {
                unshocked_vol
            };

            if let Some(weights) = vol_beta_weights
                && let Some(&weight) = weights.get(&underlying_instrument_id)
            {
                vega_beta = weight;
            }

            if let Some(ref mut idx_vol) = used_index_vol {
                *idx_vol *= 0.01;

                #[expect(clippy::float_cmp, reason = "exact-equality baseline check")]
                if vol != used_vol && used_vol != 0.0 {
                    *idx_vol += 1.0 / vega_beta * (*idx_vol / used_vol) * (vol - used_vol);
                }

                if *idx_vol != 0.0 {
                    vega *= vega_beta * vol / *idx_vol;
                }
            }
        }

        if percent_greeks {
            if let Some(idx_price) = used_index_price {
                delta *= idx_price / 100.0;
                gamma *= (idx_price / 100.0).powi(2);
            } else {
                delta *= underlying_price / 100.0;
                gamma *= (underlying_price / 100.0).powi(2);
            }

            if let Some(idx_vol) = used_index_vol {
                vega *= idx_vol / 100.0;
            } else {
                vega *= vol / 100.0;
            }
        }

        // Apply time weighting to vega if vega_time_weight_base is provided
        if let Some(time_base) = vega_time_weight_base
            && expiry_in_days > 0
        {
            let time_weight = (time_base as f64 / expiry_in_days as f64).sqrt();
            vega *= time_weight;
        }

        Ok((delta, gamma, vega))
    }

    /// Calculates the portfolio Greeks for a given set of positions.
    ///
    /// Aggregates the Greeks data for all open positions that match the specified criteria.
    ///
    /// Additional features:
    /// - Apply shocks to the spot value of an instrument's underlying, implied volatility, or time to expiry.
    /// - Compute percent greeks.
    /// - Compute beta-weighted delta, gamma, and vega with respect to an index.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if any underlying greeks calculation fails.
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn portfolio_greeks(
        &self,
        underlyings: Option<&[String]>,
        venue: Option<Venue>,
        instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        strategy_id: Option<StrategyId>,
        side: Option<PositionSide>,
        flat_interest_rate: Option<f64>,
        flat_dividend_yield: Option<f64>,
        spot_shock: Option<f64>,
        vol_shock: Option<f64>,
        time_to_expiry_shock: Option<f64>,
        use_cached_greeks: Option<bool>,
        update_vol: Option<bool>,
        cache_greeks: Option<bool>,
        publish_greeks: Option<bool>,
        percent_greeks: Option<bool>,
        index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
        greeks_filter: Option<&GreeksFilter>,
        vega_time_weight_base: Option<i32>,
        vol_index_instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        vol_beta_weights: Option<&HashMap<InstrumentId, f64>>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<PortfolioGreeks> {
        let ts_event = self.clock.borrow().timestamp_ns();
        let mut portfolio_greeks =
            PortfolioGreeks::new(ts_event, ts_event, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);

        // Set default values
        let flat_interest_rate = flat_interest_rate.unwrap_or(0.0425);
        let spot_shock = spot_shock.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let vol_shock = vol_shock.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let time_to_expiry_shock = time_to_expiry_shock.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let use_cached_greeks = use_cached_greeks.unwrap_or(false);
        let update_vol = update_vol.unwrap_or(false);
        let cache_greeks = cache_greeks.unwrap_or(false);
        let publish_greeks = publish_greeks.unwrap_or(false);
        let percent_greeks = percent_greeks.unwrap_or(false);
        let cache = self.cache.borrow();
        let open_positions = cache.positions_open(
            venue.as_ref(),
            instrument_id.as_ref(),
            strategy_id.as_ref(),
            None, // account_id
            side,
        );
        let open_positions: Vec<Position> =
            open_positions.iter().map(PositionRef::cloned).collect();

        for position in open_positions {
            let position_instrument_id = position.instrument_id;

            if let Some(underlyings_list) = underlyings {
                let mut skip_position = true;

                for underlying in underlyings_list {
                    if position_instrument_id
                        .symbol
                        .as_str()
                        .starts_with(underlying)
                    {
                        skip_position = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if skip_position {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            let quantity = position.signed_qty;
            let instrument_greeks = self.instrument_greeks(
                position_instrument_id,
                Some(flat_interest_rate),
                flat_dividend_yield,
                Some(spot_shock),
                Some(vol_shock),
                Some(time_to_expiry_shock),
                Some(use_cached_greeks),
                Some(update_vol),
                Some(cache_greeks),
                Some(publish_greeks),
                Some(ts_event),
                Some(position),
                Some(percent_greeks),
                index_instrument_id,
                beta_weights,
                vega_time_weight_base,
                vol_index_instrument_id,
                vol_beta_weights,
            )?;
            let position_greeks = quantity * &instrument_greeks;

            // Apply greeks filter if provided
            if greeks_filter.is_none_or(|filter| filter(&position_greeks)) {
                portfolio_greeks = portfolio_greeks + PortfolioGreeks::from(position_greeks);
            }
        }

        Ok(portfolio_greeks)
    }

    /// Cache a futures spread derived from a call/put pair against a reference future.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if instruments or prices are missing or inconsistent.
    pub fn cache_futures_spread(
        &self,
        call_instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        put_instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        futures_instrument_id: InstrumentId,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Price> {
        let cache = self.cache.borrow();
        let call_instrument = cache.instrument(&call_instrument_id).cloned();
        let put_instrument = cache.instrument(&put_instrument_id).cloned();
        let reference_future_instrument = cache.instrument(&futures_instrument_id).cloned();
        drop(cache);

        let Some(call_instrument) = call_instrument else {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: missing option instrument {call_instrument_id}"
            );
        };
        let Some(put_instrument) = put_instrument else {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: missing option instrument {put_instrument_id}"
            );
        };
        let Some(reference_future_instrument) = reference_future_instrument else {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: no reference futures instrument for {futures_instrument_id}"
            );
        };

        if call_instrument.instrument_class() != InstrumentClass::Option
            || put_instrument.instrument_class() != InstrumentClass::Option
        {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: non-option instruments provided call_instrument_id={call_instrument_id} put_instrument_id={put_instrument_id}"
            );
        }

        if call_instrument.option_kind() != Some(OptionKind::Call)
            || put_instrument.option_kind() != Some(OptionKind::Put)
        {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: expected call/put pair call_instrument_id={call_instrument_id} put_instrument_id={put_instrument_id}"
            );
        }

        let Some(call_underlying) = call_instrument.underlying() else {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: missing call underlying for {call_instrument_id}"
            );
        };
        let Some(put_underlying) = put_instrument.underlying() else {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: missing put underlying for {put_instrument_id}"
            );
        };

        if call_underlying != put_underlying {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: option underlyings differ call_instrument_id={call_instrument_id} put_instrument_id={put_instrument_id}"
            );
        }

        if call_instrument.strike_price() != put_instrument.strike_price() {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: strike prices differ call_instrument_id={call_instrument_id} put_instrument_id={put_instrument_id}"
            );
        }

        if call_instrument.expiration_ns() != put_instrument.expiration_ns() {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: expiration dates differ call_instrument_id={call_instrument_id} put_instrument_id={put_instrument_id}"
            );
        }

        let reference_future_price = self.get_price_object(&futures_instrument_id).ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow::anyhow!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: no reference futures price for {futures_instrument_id}"
            )
        })?;
        let call_price = self.get_price(&call_instrument_id).ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow::anyhow!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: missing option price for {call_instrument_id}"
            )
        })?;
        let put_price = self.get_price(&put_instrument_id).ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow::anyhow!(
                "Cannot cache futures spread: missing option price for {put_instrument_id}"
            )
        })?;

        let underlying_instrument_id =
            InstrumentId::from(format!("{call_underlying}.{}", call_instrument_id.venue));

        // Reject if the underlying is present in cache but is not a future
        {
            let cache = self.cache.borrow();
            if let Some(underlying) = cache.instrument(&underlying_instrument_id)
                && underlying.instrument_class() != InstrumentClass::Future
            {
                anyhow::bail!(
                    "Cannot cache futures spread: underlying {underlying_instrument_id} is not a futures contract"
                );
            }
        }

        let implied_future_price =
            self.calculate_implied_future_price(&call_instrument, call_price, put_price);
        let spread = implied_future_price - reference_future_price.as_f64();
        let spread_price = reference_future_instrument.make_price(spread);

        self.cached_futures_spreads.borrow_mut().insert(
            underlying_instrument_id,
            (futures_instrument_id, spread_price),
        );

        Ok(reference_future_price + spread_price)
    }

    fn calculate_implied_future_price(
        &self,
        call_instrument: &InstrumentAny,
        call_price: f64,
        put_price: f64,
    ) -> f64 {
        let expiry_utc = call_instrument
            .expiration_ns()
            .map(|ns| ns.to_datetime_utc())
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let now = self.clock.borrow().timestamp_ns().to_datetime_utc();
        let expiry_in_days = (now.duration_until(expiry_utc).as_hours() / 24).max(1) as i32;
        let expiry_in_years = expiry_in_days as f64 / 365.25;
        let currency = call_instrument.quote_currency().code.to_string();
        let interest_rate = self
            .cache
            .borrow()
            .yield_curve(&currency)
            .map_or(0.0425, |yield_curve| yield_curve(expiry_in_years));
        let strike = call_instrument.strike_price().unwrap_or_default().as_f64();

        strike + (interest_rate * expiry_in_years).exp() * (call_price - put_price)
    }

    /// Resolve a cached futures spread price for an underlying future.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_cached_futures_spread_price(
        &self,
        underlying_instrument_id: InstrumentId,
    ) -> Option<Price> {
        let (futures_instrument_id, spread) = self
            .cached_futures_spreads
            .borrow()
            .get(&underlying_instrument_id)
            .copied()?;
        let reference_future_price = self.get_price_object(&futures_instrument_id)?;

        Some(reference_future_price + spread)
    }

    fn get_price_object(&self, instrument_id: &InstrumentId) -> Option<Price> {
        let cache = self.cache.borrow();
        let price = cache
            .price(instrument_id, PriceType::Mid)
            .or_else(|| cache.price(instrument_id, PriceType::Last));

        // For index-class futures, prefer tradable quotes over the published index
        // price since index price is the spot level and may diverge from futures basis.
        // For true index instruments (non-futures), prefer the published index price.
        if let Some(instrument) = cache.instrument(instrument_id)
            && instrument.asset_class() == AssetClass::Index
        {
            if instrument.instrument_class() == InstrumentClass::Future && price.is_some() {
                return price;
            }

            if let Some(index_price) = cache.index_price(instrument_id) {
                return Some(index_price.value);
            }
        }

        price
    }

    fn get_price(&self, instrument_id: &InstrumentId) -> Option<f64> {
        self.get_price_object(instrument_id)
            .map(|price| price.as_f64())
    }

    /// Subscribes to Greeks data for a given underlying instrument.
    ///
    /// Useful for reading greeks from a backtesting data catalog and caching them for later use.
    pub fn subscribe_greeks<F>(&self, underlying: &str, handler: Option<F>)
    where
        F: Fn(&GreeksData) + 'static,
    {
        let pattern = format!("data.GreeksData.instrument_id={underlying}*").into();

        if let Some(custom_handler) = handler {
            let typed_handler = TypedHandler::from(custom_handler);
            msgbus::subscribe_greeks(pattern, typed_handler, None);
        } else {
            let cache_ref = self.cache.clone();
            let typed_handler = TypedHandler::from(move |greeks: &GreeksData| {
                let mut cache = cache_ref.borrow_mut();
                cache.add_greeks(greeks.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
            });
            msgbus::subscribe_greeks(pattern, typed_handler, None);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, rc::Rc};

    use jiff::{Timestamp, civil::Date, tz::Offset};
    use nautilus_model::{
        data::{IndexPriceUpdate, QuoteTick, YieldCurveData},
        enums::{AssetClass, OmsType, OptionKind, OrderSide, PositionSide},
        events::order::spec::OrderFilledSpec,
        identifiers::{
            ClientOrderId, InstrumentId, PositionId, StrategyId, Symbol, TradeId, Venue,
        },
        instruments::{Equity, FuturesContract, OptionContract, any::InstrumentAny},
        types::{Currency, Price, Quantity},
    };
    use rstest::rstest;
    use ustr::Ustr;

    use super::*;
    use crate::{cache::Cache, clock::VirtualClock};

    fn utc_timestamp(year: i16, month: i8, day: i8, hour: i8, minute: i8, second: i8) -> Timestamp {
        Offset::UTC
            .to_timestamp(
                Date::new(year, month, day)
                    .unwrap()
                    .at(hour, minute, second, 0),
            )
            .unwrap()
    }

    fn create_test_calculator() -> GreeksCalculator {
        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock)
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_greeks_calculator_debug() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();

        let debug_str = format!("{calculator:?}");

        assert!(debug_str.starts_with("GreeksCalculator {"), "{debug_str}");
        assert!(debug_str.contains("cache:"), "{debug_str}");
        assert!(debug_str.contains("clock:"), "{debug_str}");
        assert!(
            debug_str.contains("cached_futures_spreads: RefCell { value: {} }"),
            "{debug_str}"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_params_builder_default() {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.NASDAQ");

        let params = InstrumentGreeksParams::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .build();

        assert_eq!(params.instrument_id, instrument_id);
        assert_eq!(params.flat_interest_rate, 0.0425);
        assert_eq!(params.flat_dividend_yield, None);
        assert_eq!(params.spot_shock, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_shock, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(params.time_to_expiry_shock, 0.0);
        assert!(!params.use_cached_greeks);
        assert!(!params.cache_greeks);
        assert!(!params.publish_greeks);
        assert_eq!(params.ts_event, None);
        assert_eq!(params.position, None);
        assert!(!params.percent_greeks);
        assert_eq!(params.index_instrument_id, None);
        assert_eq!(params.beta_weights, None);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_index_instrument_id, None);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_beta_weights, None);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_params_builder_custom_values() {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.NASDAQ");
        let index_id = InstrumentId::from("SPY.NASDAQ");
        let vol_index_id = InstrumentId::from("VIX.XCBF");
        let mut beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        beta_weights.insert(instrument_id, 1.2);
        let mut vol_beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        vol_beta_weights.insert(instrument_id, 0.8);

        let params = InstrumentGreeksParams::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .flat_interest_rate(0.05)
            .flat_dividend_yield(0.02)
            .spot_shock(0.01)
            .vol_shock(0.05)
            .time_to_expiry_shock(0.1)
            .use_cached_greeks(true)
            .cache_greeks(true)
            .publish_greeks(true)
            .percent_greeks(true)
            .index_instrument_id(index_id)
            .beta_weights(beta_weights.clone())
            .vol_index_instrument_id(vol_index_id)
            .vol_beta_weights(vol_beta_weights.clone())
            .build();

        assert_eq!(params.instrument_id, instrument_id);
        assert_eq!(params.flat_interest_rate, 0.05);
        assert_eq!(params.flat_dividend_yield, Some(0.02));
        assert_eq!(params.spot_shock, 0.01);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_shock, 0.05);
        assert_eq!(params.time_to_expiry_shock, 0.1);
        assert!(params.use_cached_greeks);
        assert!(params.cache_greeks);
        assert!(params.publish_greeks);
        assert!(params.percent_greeks);
        assert_eq!(params.index_instrument_id, Some(index_id));
        assert_eq!(params.beta_weights, Some(beta_weights));
        assert_eq!(params.vol_index_instrument_id, Some(vol_index_id));
        assert_eq!(params.vol_beta_weights, Some(vol_beta_weights));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_params_debug() {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.NASDAQ");

        let params = InstrumentGreeksParams::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .build();

        let debug_str = format!("{params:?}");
        assert!(debug_str.contains("InstrumentGreeksParams"));
        assert!(debug_str.contains("AAPL.NASDAQ"));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_params_builder_default() {
        let params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder().build();

        assert_eq!(params.underlyings, None);
        assert_eq!(params.venue, None);
        assert_eq!(params.instrument_id, None);
        assert_eq!(params.strategy_id, None);
        assert_eq!(params.side, None);
        assert_eq!(params.flat_interest_rate, 0.0425);
        assert_eq!(params.flat_dividend_yield, None);
        assert_eq!(params.spot_shock, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_shock, 0.0);
        assert_eq!(params.time_to_expiry_shock, 0.0);
        assert!(!params.use_cached_greeks);
        assert!(!params.cache_greeks);
        assert!(!params.publish_greeks);
        assert!(!params.percent_greeks);
        assert_eq!(params.index_instrument_id, None);
        assert_eq!(params.beta_weights, None);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_index_instrument_id, None);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_beta_weights, None);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_params_builder_custom_values() {
        let venue = Venue::from("NASDAQ");
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.NASDAQ");
        let strategy_id = StrategyId::from("test-strategy");
        let index_id = InstrumentId::from("SPY.NASDAQ");
        let vol_index_id = InstrumentId::from("VIX.XCBF");
        let underlyings = vec!["AAPL".to_string(), "MSFT".to_string()];
        let mut beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        beta_weights.insert(instrument_id, 1.2);
        let mut vol_beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        vol_beta_weights.insert(instrument_id, 0.8);

        let params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder()
            .underlyings(underlyings.clone())
            .venue(venue)
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .strategy_id(strategy_id)
            .side(PositionSide::Long)
            .flat_interest_rate(0.05)
            .flat_dividend_yield(0.02)
            .spot_shock(0.01)
            .vol_shock(0.05)
            .time_to_expiry_shock(0.1)
            .use_cached_greeks(true)
            .cache_greeks(true)
            .publish_greeks(true)
            .percent_greeks(true)
            .index_instrument_id(index_id)
            .beta_weights(beta_weights.clone())
            .vol_index_instrument_id(vol_index_id)
            .vol_beta_weights(vol_beta_weights.clone())
            .build();

        assert_eq!(params.underlyings, Some(underlyings));
        assert_eq!(params.venue, Some(venue));
        assert_eq!(params.instrument_id, Some(instrument_id));
        assert_eq!(params.strategy_id, Some(strategy_id));
        assert_eq!(params.side, Some(PositionSide::Long));
        assert_eq!(params.flat_interest_rate, 0.05);
        assert_eq!(params.flat_dividend_yield, Some(0.02));
        assert_eq!(params.spot_shock, 0.01);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_shock, 0.05);
        assert_eq!(params.time_to_expiry_shock, 0.1);
        assert!(params.use_cached_greeks);
        assert!(params.cache_greeks);
        assert!(params.publish_greeks);
        assert!(params.percent_greeks);
        assert_eq!(params.index_instrument_id, Some(index_id));
        assert_eq!(params.beta_weights, Some(beta_weights));
        assert_eq!(params.vol_index_instrument_id, Some(vol_index_id));
        assert_eq!(params.vol_beta_weights, Some(vol_beta_weights));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_params_debug() {
        let venue = Venue::from("NASDAQ");

        let params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder().venue(venue).build();

        let debug_str = format!("{params:?}");
        assert!(debug_str.contains("PortfolioGreeksParams"));
        assert!(debug_str.contains("NASDAQ"));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_params_builder_fluent_api() {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.NASDAQ");

        let params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .flat_interest_rate(0.05)
            .spot_shock(0.01)
            .percent_greeks(true)
            .build();

        assert_eq!(params.instrument_id, Some(instrument_id));
        assert_eq!(params.flat_interest_rate, 0.05);
        assert_eq!(params.spot_shock, 0.01);
        assert!(params.percent_greeks);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_params_builder_fluent_chaining() {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("TSLA.NASDAQ");

        // Test fluent API chaining
        let params = InstrumentGreeksParams::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .flat_interest_rate(0.03)
            .spot_shock(0.02)
            .vol_shock(0.1)
            .use_cached_greeks(true)
            .percent_greeks(true)
            .build();

        assert_eq!(params.instrument_id, instrument_id);
        assert_eq!(params.flat_interest_rate, 0.03);
        assert_eq!(params.spot_shock, 0.02);
        assert_eq!(params.vol_shock, 0.1);
        assert!(params.use_cached_greeks);
        assert!(params.percent_greeks);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_params_builder_with_underlyings() {
        let underlyings = vec!["AAPL".to_string(), "MSFT".to_string(), "GOOGL".to_string()];

        let params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder()
            .underlyings(underlyings.clone())
            .flat_interest_rate(0.04)
            .build();

        assert_eq!(params.underlyings, Some(underlyings));
        assert_eq!(params.flat_interest_rate, 0.04);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_builders_with_empty_beta_weights() {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("NVDA.NASDAQ");
        let empty_beta_weights = HashMap::new();

        let instrument_params = InstrumentGreeksParams::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .beta_weights(empty_beta_weights.clone())
            .vol_beta_weights(empty_beta_weights.clone())
            .build();

        let portfolio_params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder()
            .beta_weights(empty_beta_weights.clone())
            .vol_beta_weights(empty_beta_weights.clone())
            .build();

        assert_eq!(
            instrument_params.beta_weights,
            Some(empty_beta_weights.clone())
        );
        assert_eq!(portfolio_params.beta_weights, Some(empty_beta_weights));
        assert_eq!(instrument_params.vol_beta_weights, Some(HashMap::new()));
        assert_eq!(portfolio_params.vol_beta_weights, Some(HashMap::new()));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_builders_with_all_shocks() {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("AMD.NASDAQ");

        let instrument_params = InstrumentGreeksParams::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .spot_shock(0.05)
            .vol_shock(0.1)
            .time_to_expiry_shock(0.01)
            .build();

        let portfolio_params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder()
            .spot_shock(0.05)
            .vol_shock(0.1)
            .time_to_expiry_shock(0.01)
            .build();

        assert_eq!(instrument_params.spot_shock, 0.05);
        assert_eq!(instrument_params.vol_shock, 0.1);
        assert_eq!(instrument_params.time_to_expiry_shock, 0.01);

        assert_eq!(portfolio_params.spot_shock, 0.05);
        assert_eq!(portfolio_params.vol_shock, 0.1);
        assert_eq!(portfolio_params.time_to_expiry_shock, 0.01);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_builders_with_all_boolean_flags() {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("META.NASDAQ");

        let instrument_params = InstrumentGreeksParams::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument_id)
            .use_cached_greeks(true)
            .cache_greeks(true)
            .publish_greeks(true)
            .percent_greeks(true)
            .build();

        let portfolio_params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder()
            .use_cached_greeks(true)
            .cache_greeks(true)
            .publish_greeks(true)
            .percent_greeks(true)
            .build();

        assert!(instrument_params.use_cached_greeks);
        assert!(instrument_params.cache_greeks);
        assert!(instrument_params.publish_greeks);
        assert!(instrument_params.percent_greeks);

        assert!(portfolio_params.use_cached_greeks);
        assert!(portfolio_params.cache_greeks);
        assert!(portfolio_params.publish_greeks);
        assert!(portfolio_params.percent_greeks);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_greeks_filter_callback_function() {
        // Test function pointer filter
        fn filter_positive_delta(data: &GreeksData) -> bool {
            data.delta > 0.0
        }

        let filter = GreeksFilterCallback::from_fn(filter_positive_delta);

        // Create test data
        let greeks_data = GreeksData::from_delta(
            InstrumentId::from("TEST.NASDAQ"),
            0.5,
            1.0,
            UnixNanos::default(),
        );

        assert!(filter.call(&greeks_data));

        // Test debug formatting
        let debug_str = format!("{filter:?}");
        assert!(debug_str.contains("GreeksFilterCallback::Function"));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_greeks_filter_callback_closure() {
        // Test closure filter that captures a variable
        let min_delta = 0.3;
        let filter =
            GreeksFilterCallback::from_closure(move |data: &GreeksData| data.delta > min_delta);

        // Create test data
        let greeks_data = GreeksData::from_delta(
            InstrumentId::from("TEST.NASDAQ"),
            0.5,
            1.0,
            UnixNanos::default(),
        );

        assert!(filter.call(&greeks_data));

        // Test debug formatting
        let debug_str = format!("{filter:?}");
        assert!(debug_str.contains("GreeksFilterCallback::Closure"));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_greeks_filter_callback_clone() {
        fn filter_fn(data: &GreeksData) -> bool {
            data.delta > 0.0
        }

        let filter1 = GreeksFilterCallback::from_fn(filter_fn);
        let filter2 = filter1.clone();

        let greeks_data = GreeksData::from_delta(
            InstrumentId::from("TEST.NASDAQ"),
            0.5,
            1.0,
            UnixNanos::default(),
        );

        assert!(filter1.call(&greeks_data));
        assert!(filter2.call(&greeks_data));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_params_with_filter() {
        fn filter_high_delta(data: &GreeksData) -> bool {
            data.delta.abs() > 0.1
        }

        let filter = GreeksFilterCallback::from_fn(filter_high_delta);

        let params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder()
            .greeks_filter(filter)
            .flat_interest_rate(0.05)
            .build();

        assert!(params.greeks_filter.is_some());
        assert_eq!(params.flat_interest_rate, 0.05);

        // Test that the filter can be called
        let greeks_data = GreeksData::from_delta(
            InstrumentId::from("TEST.NASDAQ"),
            0.5,
            1.0,
            UnixNanos::default(),
        );

        let filter_ref = params.greeks_filter.as_ref().unwrap();
        assert!(filter_ref.call(&greeks_data));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_params_with_closure_filter() {
        let min_gamma = 0.01;
        let filter =
            GreeksFilterCallback::from_closure(move |data: &GreeksData| data.gamma > min_gamma);

        let params = PortfolioGreeksParams::builder()
            .greeks_filter(filter)
            .build();

        assert!(params.greeks_filter.is_some());

        // Test debug formatting includes the filter
        let debug_str = format!("{params:?}");
        assert!(debug_str.contains("greeks_filter"));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_greeks_filter_to_greeks_filter_conversion() {
        fn filter_fn(data: &GreeksData) -> bool {
            data.delta > 0.0
        }

        let callback = GreeksFilterCallback::from_fn(filter_fn);
        let greeks_filter = callback.to_greeks_filter();

        let greeks_data = GreeksData::from_delta(
            InstrumentId::from("TEST.NASDAQ"),
            0.5,
            1.0,
            UnixNanos::default(),
        );

        assert!(greeks_filter(&greeks_data));
    }

    fn option_with_expiration(instrument_id: &str, expiration_ns: UnixNanos) -> OptionContract {
        let activation_ns = UnixNanos::from(utc_timestamp(2021, 9, 17, 0, 0, 0));
        OptionContract::builder()
            .instrument_id(InstrumentId::from(instrument_id))
            .raw_symbol(Symbol::from("AAPL211217C00150000"))
            .asset_class(AssetClass::Equity)
            .exchange(Ustr::from("GMNI"))
            .underlying(Ustr::from("AAPL"))
            .option_kind(OptionKind::Call)
            .strike_price(Price::from("149.0"))
            .currency(Currency::from("USD"))
            .activation_ns(activation_ns)
            .expiration_ns(expiration_ns)
            .price_precision(2)
            .price_increment(Price::from("0.01"))
            .multiplier(Quantity::from(100))
            .lot_size(Quantity::from(1))
            .ts_event(UnixNanos::default())
            .ts_init(UnixNanos::default())
            .build()
            .unwrap()
    }

    fn equity_aapl_opra() -> Equity {
        Equity::builder()
            .instrument_id(InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA"))
            .raw_symbol(Symbol::from("AAPL"))
            .isin(Ustr::from("US0378331005"))
            .currency(Currency::from("USD"))
            .price_precision(2)
            .price_increment(Price::from("0.01"))
            .ts_event(UnixNanos::default())
            .ts_init(UnixNanos::default())
            .build()
            .unwrap()
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_resolve_underlying_instrument_id_errors_without_underlying() {
        let instrument = InstrumentAny::Equity(equity_aapl_opra());
        let error = GreeksCalculator::resolve_underlying_instrument_id(
            &instrument,
            InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA"),
        )
        .unwrap_err();

        assert_eq!(
            error.to_string(),
            "Instrument AAPL.OPRA has no underlying identifier"
        );
    }

    fn future_with_expiration(
        instrument_id: &str,
        underlying: &str,
        expiration_ns: UnixNanos,
    ) -> FuturesContract {
        FuturesContract::builder()
            .instrument_id(InstrumentId::from(instrument_id))
            .raw_symbol(Symbol::from(underlying))
            .asset_class(AssetClass::Index)
            .exchange(Ustr::from("XCME"))
            .underlying(Ustr::from(underlying))
            .activation_ns(UnixNanos::default())
            .expiration_ns(expiration_ns)
            .currency(Currency::from("USD"))
            .price_precision(2)
            .price_increment(Price::from("0.25"))
            .multiplier(Quantity::from(1))
            .lot_size(Quantity::from(1))
            .ts_event(UnixNanos::default())
            .ts_init(UnixNanos::default())
            .build()
            .unwrap()
    }

    fn future_option_with_expiration(
        instrument_id: &str,
        raw_symbol: &str,
        underlying: &str,
        option_kind: OptionKind,
        strike: &str,
        expiration_ns: UnixNanos,
    ) -> OptionContract {
        OptionContract::builder()
            .instrument_id(InstrumentId::from(instrument_id))
            .raw_symbol(Symbol::from(raw_symbol))
            .asset_class(AssetClass::Index)
            .exchange(Ustr::from("XCME"))
            .underlying(Ustr::from(underlying))
            .option_kind(option_kind)
            .strike_price(Price::from(strike))
            .currency(Currency::from("USD"))
            .activation_ns(UnixNanos::default())
            .expiration_ns(expiration_ns)
            .price_precision(2)
            .price_increment(Price::from("0.01"))
            .multiplier(Quantity::from(1))
            .lot_size(Quantity::from(1))
            .ts_event(UnixNanos::default())
            .ts_init(UnixNanos::default())
            .build()
            .unwrap()
    }

    fn setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(
        option: OptionContract,
        underlying_id: InstrumentId,
        now_ns: UnixNanos,
    ) -> Rc<RefCell<Cache>> {
        let option_id = option.id();
        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(option))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::Equity(equity_aapl_opra()))
            .unwrap();
        let option_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            option_id,
            Price::from("10.50"),
            Price::from("10.60"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        let underlying_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            underlying_id,
            Price::from("150.00"),
            Price::from("150.10"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(option_quote).unwrap();
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(underlying_quote).unwrap();
        cache
    }

    fn position_from_fill(
        instrument: &InstrumentAny,
        position_id: &str,
        client_order_id: &str,
        trade_id: &str,
        side: OrderSide,
        quantity: u64,
        price: &str,
    ) -> Position {
        let fill = OrderFilledSpec::builder()
            .instrument_id(instrument.id())
            .client_order_id(ClientOrderId::from(client_order_id))
            .trade_id(TradeId::from(trade_id))
            .order_side(side)
            .last_qty(Quantity::from(quantity))
            .last_px(Price::from(price))
            .currency(Currency::USD())
            .position_id(PositionId::from(position_id))
            .build();
        Position::new(instrument, fill)
    }

    fn calculate_portfolio_greeks(
        calculator: &GreeksCalculator,
        side: Option<PositionSide>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<PortfolioGreeks> {
        calculator.portfolio_greeks(
            None, None, None, None, side, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
            None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
        )
    }

    fn assert_portfolio_greeks_eq(actual: &PortfolioGreeks, expected: &PortfolioGreeks) {
        assert_eq!(actual.ts_init, expected.ts_init);
        assert_eq!(actual.ts_event, expected.ts_event);
        assert_eq!(actual.pnl, expected.pnl);
        assert_eq!(actual.price, expected.price);
        assert_eq!(actual.delta, expected.delta);
        assert_eq!(actual.gamma, expected.gamma);
        assert_eq!(actual.vega, expected.vega);
        assert_eq!(actual.theta, expected.theta);
        assert_eq!(actual.rho, expected.rho);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_ignores_closed_position_with_missing_price() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let expiry = now + jiff::SignedDuration::from_hours(24 * 30);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);
        let open_option = option_with_expiration("AAPL250417C00150000.OPRA", expiry_ns);
        let open_option_id = open_option.id();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let cache = setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(open_option.clone(), underlying_id, now_ns);
        let closed_future = future_with_expiration("CLOSED.GLBX", "CLOSED", expiry_ns);
        let closed_future_id = closed_future.id();
        let open_instrument = InstrumentAny::OptionContract(open_option);
        let closed_instrument = InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(closed_future);

        let open_position = position_from_fill(
            &open_instrument,
            "P-OPEN",
            "O-OPEN",
            "T-OPEN",
            OrderSide::Buy,
            2,
            "10.50",
        );
        let mut closed_position = position_from_fill(
            &closed_instrument,
            "P-CLOSED",
            "O-CLOSED-OPEN",
            "T-CLOSED-OPEN",
            OrderSide::Buy,
            1,
            "100.00",
        );
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(closed_instrument)
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_position(&open_position, OmsType::Hedging)
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_position(&closed_position, OmsType::Hedging)
            .unwrap();
        let closing_fill = OrderFilledSpec::builder()
            .instrument_id(closed_future_id)
            .client_order_id(ClientOrderId::from("O-CLOSED-CLOSE"))
            .trade_id(TradeId::from("T-CLOSED-CLOSE"))
            .order_side(OrderSide::Sell)
            .last_qty(Quantity::from(1))
            .last_px(Price::from("101.00"))
            .currency(Currency::USD())
            .position_id(PositionId::from("P-CLOSED"))
            .build();
        closed_position.apply(&closing_fill);
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .update_position(&closed_position)
            .unwrap();

        // Pin the fixture itself: the closed position must have left the open index,
        // or this would exercise `add_position`'s open-index insertion rather than
        // the query scope under test.
        assert!(closed_position.is_closed());
        assert_eq!(
            cache
                .borrow()
                .positions_open(None, None, None, None, None)
                .len(),
            1
        );

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(now_ns);
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);
        let expected = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                open_option_id,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                Some(open_position.clone()),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();
        let expected = PortfolioGreeks::from(open_position.signed_qty * &expected);

        assert_ne!(expected.delta, 0.0);
        assert_portfolio_greeks_eq(
            &calculate_portfolio_greeks(&calculator, None).unwrap(),
            &expected,
        );
        assert_portfolio_greeks_eq(
            &calculate_portfolio_greeks(&calculator, Some(PositionSide::Flat)).unwrap(),
            &PortfolioGreeks::new(now_ns, now_ns, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_portfolio_greeks_preserves_open_position_aggregate_and_side_filters() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let expiry = now + jiff::SignedDuration::from_hours(24 * 30);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);
        let long_option = option_with_expiration("AAPL250417C00145000.OPRA", expiry_ns);
        let short_option = option_with_expiration("AAPL250417C00155000.OPRA", expiry_ns);
        let long_instrument = InstrumentAny::OptionContract(long_option.clone());
        let short_instrument = InstrumentAny::OptionContract(short_option.clone());
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let cache = setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(long_option, underlying_id, now_ns);
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(short_instrument.clone())
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_quote(QuoteTick::new(
                short_option.id(),
                Price::from("3.50"),
                Price::from("3.60"),
                Quantity::from(100),
                Quantity::from(100),
                now_ns,
                now_ns,
            ))
            .unwrap();
        let long_position = position_from_fill(
            &long_instrument,
            "P-LONG",
            "O-LONG",
            "T-LONG",
            OrderSide::Buy,
            3,
            "10.50",
        );
        let short_position = position_from_fill(
            &short_instrument,
            "P-SHORT",
            "O-SHORT",
            "T-SHORT",
            OrderSide::Sell,
            2,
            "3.50",
        );
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_position(&long_position, OmsType::Hedging)
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_position(&short_position, OmsType::Hedging)
            .unwrap();

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(now_ns);
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);
        let long_greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                long_instrument.id(),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                Some(long_position.clone()),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();
        let short_greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                short_instrument.id(),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                Some(short_position.clone()),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();
        let expected_long = PortfolioGreeks::from(long_position.signed_qty * &long_greeks);
        let expected_short = PortfolioGreeks::from(short_position.signed_qty * &short_greeks);
        let expected = expected_long + expected_short;

        assert_ne!(expected.pnl, 0.0);
        assert_ne!(expected.price, 0.0);
        assert_ne!(expected.delta, 0.0);
        assert_ne!(expected.gamma, 0.0);
        assert_ne!(expected.vega, 0.0);
        assert_ne!(expected.theta, 0.0);
        assert_portfolio_greeks_eq(
            &calculate_portfolio_greeks(&calculator, None).unwrap(),
            &expected,
        );
        assert_portfolio_greeks_eq(
            &calculate_portfolio_greeks(&calculator, Some(PositionSide::Long)).unwrap(),
            &PortfolioGreeks::from(long_position.signed_qty * &long_greeks),
        );
        assert_portfolio_greeks_eq(
            &calculate_portfolio_greeks(&calculator, Some(PositionSide::Short)).unwrap(),
            &PortfolioGreeks::from(short_position.signed_qty * &short_greeks),
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_expiry_in_days_multi_day_unchanged() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let expiry = now + jiff::SignedDuration::from_hours(24 * (30));
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);
        let option = option_with_expiration("AAPL250417C00150000.OPRA", expiry_ns);
        let option_id = option.id();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let cache = setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(option, underlying_id, now_ns);
        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(greeks.expiry_in_days, 30);
        assert!((greeks.expiry_in_years - 30.0 / 365.25).abs() < 1e-9);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_expiry_in_days_same_day_clamped_to_one() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let expiry_same_day = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 18, 0, 0);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry_same_day);
        let option = option_with_expiration("AAPL250308C00150000.OPRA", expiry_ns);
        let option_id = option.id();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let cache = setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(option, underlying_id, now_ns);
        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(greeks.expiry_in_days, 1);
        assert!((greeks.expiry_in_years - 1.0 / 365.25).abs() < 1e-9);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_beta_weights_vega_to_vol_index() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let expiry = now + jiff::SignedDuration::from_hours(24 * (30));
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);
        let option = option_with_expiration("AAPL250417C00150000.OPRA", expiry_ns);
        let option_id = option.id();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let vol_index_id = InstrumentId::from("VIX.XCBF");
        let cache = setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(option, underlying_id, now_ns);
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_quote(QuoteTick::new(
                vol_index_id,
                Price::from("25.00"),
                Price::from("25.00"),
                Quantity::from(100),
                Quantity::from(100),
                now_ns,
                now_ns,
            ))
            .unwrap();

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);
        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        let mut vol_beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        vol_beta_weights.insert(underlying_id, 0.75);
        let vol_weighted_greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(vol_index_id),
                Some(&vol_beta_weights),
            )
            .unwrap();

        let expected_vega = greeks.vega * 0.75 * (greeks.vol * 100.0) / 25.0;
        assert_eq!(
            (vol_weighted_greeks.delta * 1e12).round(),
            (greeks.delta * 1e12).round()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            (vol_weighted_greeks.gamma * 1e12).round(),
            (greeks.gamma * 1e12).round()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            (vol_weighted_greeks.vega * 1e12).round(),
            (expected_vega * 1e12).round()
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_errors_when_vol_index_price_missing() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let expiry = now + jiff::SignedDuration::from_hours(24 * (30));
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);
        let option = option_with_expiration("AAPL250417C00150000.OPRA", expiry_ns);
        let option_id = option.id();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let vol_index_id = InstrumentId::from("VIX.XCBF");
        let cache = setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(option, underlying_id, now_ns);

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);
        let error = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(vol_index_id),
                None,
            )
            .unwrap_err();

        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "No price available for VIX.XCBF");
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_errors_when_vol_index_price_missing() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let vol_index_id = InstrumentId::from("VIX.XCBF");

        let error = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                underlying_id,
                150.0,
                150.0,
                false,
                None,
                None,
                2.0,
                0.30,
                0,
                None,
                0.0,
                Some(vol_index_id),
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap_err();

        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "No price available for VIX.XCBF");
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_accepts_explicit_index_prices() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let mut beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        beta_weights.insert(underlying_id, 0.5);
        let mut vol_beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        vol_beta_weights.insert(underlying_id, 0.75);

        let (delta, gamma, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                underlying_id,
                150.0,
                150.0,
                false,
                None,
                Some(&beta_weights),
                2.0,
                0.30,
                0,
                None,
                0.0,
                None,
                Some(&vol_beta_weights),
                Some(200.0),
                Some(25.0),
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!((delta * 1e12).round(), 375_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!((gamma * 1e12).round(), 281_250_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!((vega * 1e12).round(), 1_800_000_000_000.0);

        let (delta, gamma, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                underlying_id,
                150.0,
                150.0,
                true,
                None,
                Some(&beta_weights),
                2.0,
                0.30,
                0,
                None,
                0.0,
                None,
                Some(&vol_beta_weights),
                Some(200.0),
                Some(25.0),
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!((delta * 1e12).round(), 750_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!((gamma * 1e12).round(), 1_125_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!((vega * 1e12).round(), 4_500_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_errors_when_future_underlying_price_missing_without_cached_spread() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2024, 2, 14, 16, 0, 0);
        let expiry = utc_timestamp(2024, 3, 15, 16, 0, 0);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);

        let future = future_with_expiration("ESH4.GLBX", "ESH4", expiry_ns);
        let call_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4C150.GLBX",
            "ESH4C150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Call,
            "150.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );
        let put_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4P150.GLBX",
            "ESH4P150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Put,
            "150.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );

        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(future))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(call_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(put_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();

        let call_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            call_option.id(),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        let put_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            put_option.id(),
            Price::from("3.33"),
            Price::from("3.33"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(call_quote).unwrap();
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(put_quote).unwrap();

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(now_ns);
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);

        let error = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                call_option.id(),
                Some(0.0425),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap_err();

        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "No price available for ESH4.GLBX");
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_returns_price_to_reference_future() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2024, 2, 14, 16, 0, 0);
        let expiry = utc_timestamp(2024, 3, 15, 16, 0, 0);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);

        let future = future_with_expiration("ESH4.GLBX", "ESH4", expiry_ns);
        let reference_future = future_with_expiration("ESM4.GLBX", "ESM4", expiry_ns);
        let call_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4C150.GLBX",
            "ESH4C150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Call,
            "150.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );
        let put_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4P150.GLBX",
            "ESH4P150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Put,
            "150.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );

        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(future))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(reference_future.clone()))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(call_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(put_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();

        let call_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            call_option.id(),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        let put_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            put_option.id(),
            Price::from("3.33"),
            Price::from("3.33"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        let reference_future_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            reference_future.id(),
            Price::from("155.00"),
            Price::from("155.00"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(call_quote).unwrap();
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(put_quote).unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_quote(reference_future_quote)
            .unwrap();

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(now_ns);
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);

        let cached_future_price = calculator
            .cache_futures_spread(call_option.id(), put_option.id(), reference_future.id())
            .unwrap();

        let expected_underlying = 150.0 + (0.0425_f64 * (30.0 / 365.25)).exp() * (8.50 - 3.33);
        let expected_cached_underlying = reference_future.make_price(expected_underlying);
        assert_eq!(cached_future_price, expected_cached_underlying);
        assert_eq!(
            calculator.get_cached_futures_spread_price(InstrumentId::from("ESH4.GLBX")),
            Some(expected_cached_underlying)
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_uses_cached_futures_spread_when_underlying_price_missing() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2024, 2, 14, 16, 0, 0);
        let expiry = utc_timestamp(2024, 3, 15, 16, 0, 0);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);

        let future = future_with_expiration("ESH4.GLBX", "ESH4", expiry_ns);
        let reference_future = future_with_expiration("ESM4.GLBX", "ESM4", expiry_ns);
        let call_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4C150.GLBX",
            "ESH4C150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Call,
            "150.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );
        let put_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4P150.GLBX",
            "ESH4P150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Put,
            "150.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );
        let target_call_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4C152.GLBX",
            "ESH4C152",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Call,
            "152.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );

        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(future))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(reference_future.clone()))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(call_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(put_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(target_call_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();

        let call_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            call_option.id(),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        let put_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            put_option.id(),
            Price::from("3.33"),
            Price::from("3.33"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        let target_call_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            target_call_option.id(),
            Price::from("6.75"),
            Price::from("6.75"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        let reference_future_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            reference_future.id(),
            Price::from("155.00"),
            Price::from("155.00"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(call_quote).unwrap();
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(put_quote).unwrap();
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(target_call_quote).unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_quote(reference_future_quote)
            .unwrap();

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(now_ns);
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);
        calculator
            .cache_futures_spread(call_option.id(), put_option.id(), reference_future.id())
            .unwrap();

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                target_call_option.id(),
                Some(0.0425),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        let expected_underlying = reference_future
            .make_price(150.0 + (0.0425_f64 * (30.0 / 365.25)).exp() * (8.50 - 3.33))
            .as_f64();
        assert_eq!(greeks.underlying_price, expected_underlying);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_uses_index_price_for_index_underlying() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2024, 2, 14, 16, 0, 0);
        let expiry = utc_timestamp(2024, 3, 15, 16, 0, 0);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);

        let future = future_with_expiration("ESH4.GLBX", "ESH4", expiry_ns);
        let call_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4C150.GLBX",
            "ESH4C150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Call,
            "150.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );

        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(future))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(call_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();

        let call_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            call_option.id(),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(call_quote).unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_index_price(IndexPriceUpdate::new(
                InstrumentId::from("ESH4.GLBX"),
                Price::from("157.25"),
                now_ns,
                now_ns,
            ))
            .unwrap();

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(now_ns);
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                call_option.id(),
                Some(0.0425),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(greeks.underlying_price, 157.25);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_prefers_quote_over_index_price_for_index_future() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2024, 2, 14, 16, 0, 0);
        let expiry = utc_timestamp(2024, 3, 15, 16, 0, 0);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(expiry);

        let future = future_with_expiration("ESH4.GLBX", "ESH4", expiry_ns);
        let call_option = future_option_with_expiration(
            "ESH4C150.GLBX",
            "ESH4C150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Call,
            "150.00",
            expiry_ns,
        );

        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(future))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::OptionContract(call_option.clone()))
            .unwrap();

        // Both a quote and an index price for the underlying future
        let future_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            InstrumentId::from("ESH4.GLBX"),
            Price::from("158.50"),
            Price::from("159.50"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(future_quote).unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_index_price(IndexPriceUpdate::new(
                InstrumentId::from("ESH4.GLBX"),
                Price::from("157.25"),
                now_ns,
                now_ns,
            ))
            .unwrap();

        let call_quote = QuoteTick::new(
            call_option.id(),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Price::from("8.50"),
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(call_quote).unwrap();

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(now_ns);
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                call_option.id(),
                Some(0.0425),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        // Should use the MID quote (159.00), not the index price (157.25)
        assert_eq!(greeks.underlying_price, 159.0);
    }

    /// Builds a calculator over the standard option/underlying quote pair used by the
    /// `instrument_greeks` tests, plus the option id to price.
    fn option_calculator() -> (GreeksCalculator, InstrumentId, UnixNanos) {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let expiry = now + jiff::SignedDuration::from_hours(24 * 30);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let option = option_with_expiration("AAPL250417C00150000.OPRA", UnixNanos::from(expiry));
        let option_id = option.id();
        let cache =
            setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(option, InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA"), now_ns);
        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));

        (GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock), option_id, now_ns)
    }

    fn option_greeks_with_shocks(
        calculator: &GreeksCalculator,
        option_id: InstrumentId,
        ts_event: UnixNanos,
        spot_shock: Option<f64>,
        vol_shock: Option<f64>,
        time_to_expiry_shock: Option<f64>,
    ) -> GreeksData {
        calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                None,
                None,
                spot_shock,
                vol_shock,
                time_to_expiry_shock,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(ts_event),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap()
    }

    #[rstest]
    #[case::spot(Some(5.0), None, None)]
    #[case::vol(None, Some(0.05), None)]
    #[case::time_to_expiry(None, None, Some(0.01))]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_applies_each_shock_dimension_on_its_own(
        #[case] spot_shock: Option<f64>,
        #[case] vol_shock: Option<f64>,
        #[case] time_to_expiry_shock: Option<f64>,
    ) {
        let (calculator, option_id, now_ns) = option_calculator();

        let unshocked = option_greeks_with_shocks(&calculator, option_id, now_ns, None, None, None);
        let shocked = option_greeks_with_shocks(
            &calculator,
            option_id,
            now_ns,
            spot_shock,
            vol_shock,
            time_to_expiry_shock,
        );

        assert_ne!(
            scaled(shocked.price),
            scaled(unshocked.price),
            "a single non-zero shock must still reprice the option"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_leaves_the_price_unshocked_when_every_shock_is_zero() {
        let (calculator, option_id, now_ns) = option_calculator();

        let unshocked = option_greeks_with_shocks(&calculator, option_id, now_ns, None, None, None);
        let zero_shocks = option_greeks_with_shocks(
            &calculator,
            option_id,
            now_ns,
            Some(0.0),
            Some(0.0),
            Some(0.0),
        );

        assert_eq!(scaled(zero_shocks.price), scaled(unshocked.price));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_pnl_is_price_less_the_position_open_price() {
        let (calculator, option_id, now_ns) = option_calculator();
        let instrument = calculator
            .cache
            .borrow()
            .instrument(&option_id)
            .cloned()
            .unwrap();
        let position = position_from_fill(
            &instrument,
            "P-GREEKS-1",
            "O-GREEKS-1",
            "T-GREEKS-1",
            OrderSide::Buy,
            1,
            "9.00",
        );

        let unshocked = option_greeks_with_shocks(&calculator, option_id, now_ns, None, None, None);
        let with_position = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                Some(position),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scaled(with_position.price), scaled(unshocked.price));
        assert_eq!(
            scaled(with_position.pnl),
            scaled(unshocked.price - 9.0),
            "pnl must subtract the position open price from the option price"
        );
        assert_eq!(scaled(unshocked.pnl), 0.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_records_the_shocked_market_state() {
        let (calculator, option_id, now_ns) = option_calculator();

        let unshocked = option_greeks_with_shocks(&calculator, option_id, now_ns, None, None, None);
        let shocked = option_greeks_with_shocks(
            &calculator,
            option_id,
            now_ns,
            Some(5.0),
            Some(0.05),
            Some(0.01),
        );

        // The underlying mid of the 150.00 / 150.10 quote plus the spot shock.
        assert_eq!(scaled(unshocked.underlying_price), 150_050_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(shocked.underlying_price), 155_050_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(shocked.vol), scaled(unshocked.vol + 0.05));
        assert_eq!(
            scaled(shocked.expiry_in_years),
            scaled(unshocked.expiry_in_years - 0.01)
        );
        assert_eq!(unshocked.expiry_in_days, 30);
        assert_eq!(shocked.expiry_in_days, 26);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_cost_of_carry_subtracts_the_flat_dividend_yield() {
        let (calculator, option_id, now_ns) = option_calculator();

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                Some(0.05),
                Some(0.02),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scaled(greeks.interest_rate), 50_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(greeks.cost_of_carry), 30_000_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_cost_of_carry_is_zero_without_a_dividend_yield() {
        let (calculator, option_id, now_ns) = option_calculator();

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                Some(0.05),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scaled(greeks.cost_of_carry), 0.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_reports_the_option_kind() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let expiry = now + jiff::SignedDuration::from_hours(24 * 30);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let mut put = option_with_expiration("AAPL250417P00150000.OPRA", UnixNanos::from(expiry));
        put.option_kind = OptionKind::Put;
        let put_id = put.id();
        let cache = setup_cache_with_option_and_quotes(put, underlying_id, now_ns);
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_quote(QuoteTick::new(
                put_id,
                Price::from("10.50"),
                Price::from("10.60"),
                Quantity::from(100),
                Quantity::from(100),
                now_ns,
                now_ns,
            ))
            .unwrap();
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new())));

        let greeks = option_greeks_with_shocks(&calculator, put_id, now_ns, None, None, None);

        assert!(!greeks.is_call);
    }

    /// Builds a calculator over a single equity quote, for the `instrument_greeks` paths that
    /// price a non-option instrument.
    fn equity_calculator() -> (GreeksCalculator, InstrumentId, UnixNanos) {
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0));
        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        let equity = equity_aapl_opra();
        let equity_id = equity.id();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(InstrumentAny::Equity(equity))
            .unwrap();
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_quote(QuoteTick::new(
                equity_id,
                Price::from("150.00"),
                Price::from("150.10"),
                Quantity::from(100),
                Quantity::from(100),
                now_ns,
                now_ns,
            ))
            .unwrap();
        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));

        (GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock), equity_id, now_ns)
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_for_a_non_option_shocks_the_spot_and_prices_the_position() {
        let (calculator, equity_id, now_ns) = equity_calculator();
        let instrument = calculator
            .cache
            .borrow()
            .instrument(&equity_id)
            .cloned()
            .unwrap();
        let position = position_from_fill(
            &instrument,
            "P-EQUITY-1",
            "O-EQUITY-1",
            "T-EQUITY-1",
            OrderSide::Buy,
            10,
            "140.00",
        );

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                equity_id,
                None,
                None,
                Some(5.0),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                Some(position),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        // Underlying mid 150.05 plus the 5.00 spot shock, less the 140.00 open price.
        assert_eq!(scaled(greeks.pnl), 15_050_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(greeks.price), 15_050_000_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_for_a_non_option_scales_percent_delta_by_the_shocked_spot() {
        let (calculator, equity_id, now_ns) = equity_calculator();

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                equity_id,
                None,
                None,
                Some(5.0),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                Some(true),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        // Percent delta scales the unit delta by the shocked spot of 150.05 + 5.00.
        assert_eq!(scaled(greeks.delta), 1_550_500_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_cost_of_carry_prefers_the_dividend_curve_over_the_flat_yield() {
        let (calculator, option_id, now_ns) = option_calculator();
        calculator
            .cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_yield_curve(YieldCurveData::new(
                now_ns,
                now_ns,
                "AAPL.OPRA".to_string(),
                vec![0.0, 5.0, 10.0],
                vec![0.02, 0.02, 0.02],
            ))
            .unwrap();

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                option_id,
                Some(0.05),
                Some(0.04),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scaled(greeks.interest_rate), 50_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(
            scaled(greeks.cost_of_carry),
            30_000_000_000.0,
            "the dividend curve must take precedence over the flat dividend yield"
        );
    }

    /// Scales a Greek to picounits so exact expectations avoid raw float equality.
    fn scaled(value: f64) -> f64 {
        (value * 1e12).round()
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_reprices_the_index_when_the_underlying_is_shocked() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let mut beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        beta_weights.insert(underlying_id, 0.5);

        let (delta, gamma, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                underlying_id,
                165.0,
                150.0,
                false,
                None,
                Some(&beta_weights),
                3.0,
                0.30,
                0,
                None,
                0.0,
                None,
                None,
                Some(200.0),
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        // Index moves to 200 + (1 / 0.5) * (200 / 150) * (165 - 150) = 240, so the delta
        // multiplier is 0.5 * 165 / 240.
        assert_eq!(scaled(delta), 343_750_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(gamma), 236_328_125_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(vega), 3_000_000_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_reprices_the_vol_index_when_the_vol_is_shocked() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();
        let underlying_id = InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA");
        let mut vol_beta_weights = HashMap::new();
        vol_beta_weights.insert(underlying_id, 0.75);

        let (delta, gamma, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                underlying_id,
                150.0,
                150.0,
                false,
                None,
                None,
                2.0,
                0.35,
                0,
                None,
                0.30,
                None,
                Some(&vol_beta_weights),
                None,
                Some(25.0),
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scaled(delta), 1_000_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(gamma), 2_000_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(vega), 1_718_181_818_182.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_uses_the_shocked_vol_as_the_baseline_when_unshocked_vol_is_zero() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();

        let (_, _, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA"),
                150.0,
                150.0,
                false,
                None,
                None,
                2.0,
                0.40,
                0,
                None,
                0.0,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(25.0),
            )
            .unwrap();

        // A zero unshocked vol means no vol shock, so vega only rescales by 0.40 / 0.25.
        assert_eq!(scaled(vega), 3_200_000_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_leaves_vega_untouched_for_a_zero_vol_index() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();

        let (_, _, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA"),
                150.0,
                150.0,
                false,
                None,
                None,
                2.0,
                0.40,
                0,
                None,
                0.0,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(0.0),
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scaled(vega), 2_000_000_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_percent_scaling_falls_back_to_the_underlying_and_vol() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();

        let (delta, gamma, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA"),
                150.0,
                150.0,
                true,
                None,
                None,
                2.0,
                0.30,
                0,
                None,
                0.0,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scaled(delta), 1_500_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(gamma), 4_500_000_000_000.0);
        assert_eq!(scaled(vega), 6_000_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_applies_vega_time_weighting() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();

        let (_, _, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA"),
                150.0,
                150.0,
                false,
                None,
                None,
                2.0,
                0.30,
                120,
                Some(30),
                0.0,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        // sqrt(30 / 120) = 0.5
        assert_eq!(scaled(vega), 1_000_000_000_000.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_modify_greeks_skips_vega_time_weighting_without_days_to_expiry() {
        let calculator = create_test_calculator();

        let (_, _, vega) = calculator
            .modify_greeks(
                1.0,
                2.0,
                InstrumentId::from("AAPL.OPRA"),
                150.0,
                150.0,
                false,
                None,
                None,
                2.0,
                0.30,
                0,
                Some(30),
                0.0,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scaled(vega), 2_000_000_000_000.0);
    }

    const SPREAD_CALL_ID: &str = "ESH4C150.GLBX";
    const SPREAD_PUT_ID: &str = "ESH4P150.GLBX";
    const SPREAD_REFERENCE_ID: &str = "ESM4.GLBX";
    const SPREAD_UNDERLYING_ID: &str = "ESH4.GLBX";

    fn spread_now_ns() -> UnixNanos {
        UnixNanos::from(utc_timestamp(2024, 2, 14, 16, 0, 0))
    }

    fn spread_expiry_ns() -> UnixNanos {
        UnixNanos::from(utc_timestamp(2024, 3, 15, 16, 0, 0))
    }

    fn spread_call() -> OptionContract {
        future_option_with_expiration(
            SPREAD_CALL_ID,
            "ESH4C150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Call,
            "150.00",
            spread_expiry_ns(),
        )
    }

    fn spread_put() -> OptionContract {
        future_option_with_expiration(
            SPREAD_PUT_ID,
            "ESH4P150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Put,
            "150.00",
            spread_expiry_ns(),
        )
    }

    fn spread_reference_future() -> FuturesContract {
        future_with_expiration(SPREAD_REFERENCE_ID, "ESM4", spread_expiry_ns())
    }

    fn spread_quote(instrument_id: InstrumentId, price: &str) -> QuoteTick {
        let price = Price::from(price);

        QuoteTick::new(
            instrument_id,
            price,
            price,
            Quantity::from(100),
            Quantity::from(100),
            spread_now_ns(),
            spread_now_ns(),
        )
    }

    /// Builds a calculator over exactly the supplied instruments and quotes.
    ///
    /// Each `cache_futures_spread` error test drops or replaces one entry relative to
    /// [`spread_instruments`] and [`spread_quotes`], so the resulting failure isolates a
    /// single validation branch.
    fn spread_calculator(
        instruments: Vec<InstrumentAny>,
        quotes: Vec<QuoteTick>,
    ) -> GreeksCalculator {
        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));

        for instrument in instruments {
            cache.borrow_mut().add_instrument(instrument).unwrap();
        }

        for quote in quotes {
            cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(quote).unwrap();
        }

        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(spread_now_ns());

        GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock)
    }

    fn spread_instruments() -> Vec<InstrumentAny> {
        vec![
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_call()),
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_put()),
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(spread_reference_future()),
        ]
    }

    fn spread_quotes() -> Vec<QuoteTick> {
        vec![
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_CALL_ID), "8.50"),
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_PUT_ID), "3.33"),
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_REFERENCE_ID), "155.00"),
        ]
    }

    fn cache_spread_error(instruments: Vec<InstrumentAny>, quotes: Vec<QuoteTick>) -> String {
        spread_calculator(instruments, quotes)
            .cache_futures_spread(
                InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_CALL_ID),
                InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_PUT_ID),
                InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_REFERENCE_ID),
            )
            .unwrap_err()
            .to_string()
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_call_instrument_missing() {
        let instruments = vec![
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_put()),
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(spread_reference_future()),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: missing option instrument ESH4C150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_put_instrument_missing() {
        let instruments = vec![
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_call()),
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(spread_reference_future()),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: missing option instrument ESH4P150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_reference_future_instrument_missing() {
        let instruments = vec![
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_call()),
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_put()),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: no reference futures instrument for ESM4.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_call_leg_is_not_an_option() {
        let non_option = future_with_expiration(SPREAD_CALL_ID, "ESH4", spread_expiry_ns());
        let instruments = vec![
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(non_option),
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_put()),
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(spread_reference_future()),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: non-option instruments provided \
             call_instrument_id=ESH4C150.GLBX put_instrument_id=ESH4P150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_legs_are_not_a_call_put_pair() {
        let second_put = future_option_with_expiration(
            SPREAD_CALL_ID,
            "ESH4P150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Put,
            "150.00",
            spread_expiry_ns(),
        );
        let instruments = vec![
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(second_put),
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_put()),
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(spread_reference_future()),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: expected call/put pair \
             call_instrument_id=ESH4C150.GLBX put_instrument_id=ESH4P150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_underlyings_differ() {
        let mismatched_put = future_option_with_expiration(
            SPREAD_PUT_ID,
            "ESM4P150",
            "ESM4",
            OptionKind::Put,
            "150.00",
            spread_expiry_ns(),
        );
        let instruments = vec![
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_call()),
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(mismatched_put),
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(spread_reference_future()),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: option underlyings differ \
             call_instrument_id=ESH4C150.GLBX put_instrument_id=ESH4P150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_strike_prices_differ() {
        let mismatched_put = future_option_with_expiration(
            SPREAD_PUT_ID,
            "ESH4P155",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Put,
            "155.00",
            spread_expiry_ns(),
        );
        let instruments = vec![
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_call()),
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(mismatched_put),
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(spread_reference_future()),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: strike prices differ \
             call_instrument_id=ESH4C150.GLBX put_instrument_id=ESH4P150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_expirations_differ() {
        let mismatched_put = future_option_with_expiration(
            SPREAD_PUT_ID,
            "ESH4P150",
            "ESH4",
            OptionKind::Put,
            "150.00",
            UnixNanos::from(utc_timestamp(2024, 6, 21, 16, 0, 0)),
        );
        let instruments = vec![
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_call()),
            InstrumentAny::OptionContract(mismatched_put),
            InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(spread_reference_future()),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: expiration dates differ \
             call_instrument_id=ESH4C150.GLBX put_instrument_id=ESH4P150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_reference_future_price_missing() {
        let quotes = vec![
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_CALL_ID), "8.50"),
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_PUT_ID), "3.33"),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(spread_instruments(), quotes),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: no reference futures price for ESM4.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_call_price_missing() {
        let quotes = vec![
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_PUT_ID), "3.33"),
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_REFERENCE_ID), "155.00"),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(spread_instruments(), quotes),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: missing option price for ESH4C150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_put_price_missing() {
        let quotes = vec![
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_CALL_ID), "8.50"),
            spread_quote(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_REFERENCE_ID), "155.00"),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(spread_instruments(), quotes),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: missing option price for ESH4P150.GLBX"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_errors_when_cached_underlying_is_not_a_future() {
        let underlying_equity = Equity::builder()
            .instrument_id(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_UNDERLYING_ID))
            .raw_symbol(Symbol::from("ESH4"))
            .currency(Currency::from("USD"))
            .price_precision(2)
            .price_increment(Price::from("0.01"))
            .ts_event(UnixNanos::default())
            .ts_init(UnixNanos::default())
            .build()
            .unwrap();

        let mut instruments = spread_instruments();
        instruments.push(InstrumentAny::Equity(underlying_equity));

        assert_eq!(
            cache_spread_error(instruments, spread_quotes()),
            "Cannot cache futures spread: underlying ESH4.GLBX is not a futures contract"
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_cache_futures_spread_leaves_no_entry_when_validation_fails() {
        let calculator = spread_calculator(
            vec![
                InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_call()),
                InstrumentAny::OptionContract(spread_put()),
            ],
            spread_quotes(),
        );

        calculator
            .cache_futures_spread(
                InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_CALL_ID),
                InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_PUT_ID),
                InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_REFERENCE_ID),
            )
            .unwrap_err();

        assert_eq!(
            calculator.get_cached_futures_spread_price(InstrumentId::from(SPREAD_UNDERLYING_ID)),
            None
        );
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_get_cached_futures_spread_price_returns_none_for_unknown_underlying() {
        let calculator = spread_calculator(spread_instruments(), spread_quotes());

        assert_eq!(
            calculator.get_cached_futures_spread_price(InstrumentId::from("CLZ4.NYMEX")),
            None
        );
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "defi")]
    #[rstest]
    fn test_instrument_greeks_converts_mid_of_max_float_precision_quote() {
        let now = utc_timestamp(2025, 3, 8, 12, 0, 0);
        let now_ns = UnixNanos::from(now);
        let expiry_ns = UnixNanos::from(now + jiff::SignedDuration::from_hours(24 * 30));
        let future = future_with_expiration("ES.GLBX", "ES", expiry_ns);
        let instrument = InstrumentAny::FuturesContract(future.clone());
        let cache = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Cache::new(None, None)));
        cache
            .borrow_mut()
            .add_instrument(instrument.clone())
            .unwrap();

        let quote = QuoteTick::new(
            future.id(),
            Price::from("100.0000000000000000"),
            Price::from("100.0000000000000001"),
            Quantity::from(1),
            Quantity::from(1),
            now_ns,
            now_ns,
        );
        cache.borrow_mut().add_quote(quote).unwrap();
        let position =
            position_from_fill(&instrument, "P-1", "O-1", "T-1", OrderSide::Buy, 1, "99.00");
        let clock = Rc::new(RefCell::new(VirtualClock::new()));
        clock.borrow_mut().set_time(now_ns);
        let calculator = GreeksCalculator::new(cache, clock);

        let greeks = calculator
            .instrument_greeks(
                future.id(),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                Some(now_ns),
                Some(position),
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
                None,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(greeks.delta, 1.0);
        assert_eq!(greeks.pnl, 1.0);
        assert_eq!(greeks.price, 1.0);
    }
}