multibody_dynamics 0.4.0

Multibody dynamics algorithms in Rust
Documentation
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</pre><pre class="rust"><code><span class="attr">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;serde-serialize-no-std&quot;</span>)]
</span><span class="kw">use </span>serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

<span class="kw">use </span>num::{One, Zero};
<span class="kw">use </span>simba::scalar::ComplexField;
<span class="kw">use </span>simba::simd::SimdComplexField;

<span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::allocator::Allocator;
<span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::base::{Const, DefaultAllocator, Matrix, OMatrix, Vector};
<span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::constraint::{SameNumberOfRows, ShapeConstraint};
<span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::dimension::{Dim, DimAdd, DimDiff, DimSub, DimSum, U1};
<span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::storage::{Storage, StorageMut};

<span class="doccomment">/// The Cholesky decomposition of a symmetric-definite-positive matrix.
</span><span class="attr">#[cfg_attr(feature = <span class="string">&quot;serde-serialize-no-std&quot;</span>, derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(
    feature = <span class="string">&quot;serde-serialize-no-std&quot;</span>,
    serde(bound(serialize = <span class="string">&quot;DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, D&gt;,
         OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;: Serialize&quot;</span>))
)]
#[cfg_attr(
    feature = <span class="string">&quot;serde-serialize-no-std&quot;</span>,
    serde(bound(deserialize = <span class="string">&quot;DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, D&gt;,
         OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;: Deserialize&lt;&#39;de&gt;&quot;</span>))
)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
</span><span class="kw">pub struct </span>Cholesky&lt;T: SimdComplexField, D: Dim&gt;
<span class="kw">where
    </span>DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, D, D&gt;,
{
    chol: OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;,
}

<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T: SimdComplexField, D: Dim&gt; Copy <span class="kw">for </span>Cholesky&lt;T, D&gt;
<span class="kw">where
    </span>DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, D, D&gt;,
    OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;: Copy,
{
}

<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T: SimdComplexField, D: Dim&gt; Cholesky&lt;T, D&gt;
<span class="kw">where
    </span>DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, D, D&gt;,
{
    <span class="doccomment">/// Computes the Cholesky decomposition of `matrix` without checking that the matrix is definite-positive.
    ///
    /// If the input matrix is not definite-positive, the decomposition may contain trash values (Inf, NaN, etc.)
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>new_unchecked(<span class="kw-2">mut </span>matrix: OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
        <span class="macro">assert!</span>(matrix.is_square(), <span class="string">&quot;The input matrix must be square.&quot;</span>);

        <span class="kw">let </span>n = matrix.nrows();

        <span class="kw">for </span>j <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..n {
            <span class="kw">for </span>k <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..j {
                <span class="kw">let </span>factor = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ -matrix.get_unchecked((j, k)).clone() };

                <span class="kw">let </span>(<span class="kw-2">mut </span>col_j, col_k) = matrix.columns_range_pair_mut(j, k);
                <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>col_j = col_j.rows_range_mut(j..);
                <span class="kw">let </span>col_k = col_k.rows_range(j..);
                col_j.axpy(factor.simd_conjugate(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>col_k, T::one());
            }

            <span class="kw">let </span>diag = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ matrix.get_unchecked((j, j)).clone() };
            <span class="kw">let </span>denom = diag.simd_sqrt();

            <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{
                <span class="kw-2">*</span>matrix.get_unchecked_mut((j, j)) = denom.clone();
            }

            <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>col = matrix.view_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., j);
            col /= denom;
        }

        Cholesky { chol: matrix }
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Uses the given matrix as-is without any checks or modifications as the
    /// Cholesky decomposition.
    ///
    /// It is up to the user to ensure all invariants hold.
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>pack_dirty(matrix: OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
        Cholesky { chol: matrix }
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Retrieves the lower-triangular factor of the Cholesky decomposition with its strictly
    /// upper-triangular part filled with zeros.
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>unpack(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt; {
        <span class="self">self</span>.chol.fill_upper_triangle(T::zero(), <span class="number">1</span>);
        <span class="self">self</span>.chol
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Retrieves the lower-triangular factor of the Cholesky decomposition, without zeroing-out
    /// its strict upper-triangular part.
    ///
    /// The values of the strict upper-triangular part are garbage and should be ignored by further
    /// computations.
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>unpack_dirty(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt; {
        <span class="self">self</span>.chol
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Retrieves the lower-triangular factor of the Cholesky decomposition with its strictly
    /// uppen-triangular part filled with zeros.
    </span><span class="attr">#[must_use]
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>l(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt; {
        <span class="self">self</span>.chol.lower_triangle()
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Retrieves the lower-triangular factor of the Cholesky decomposition, without zeroing-out
    /// its strict upper-triangular part.
    ///
    /// This is an allocation-less version of `self.l()`. The values of the strict upper-triangular
    /// part are garbage and should be ignored by further computations.
    </span><span class="attr">#[must_use]
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>l_dirty(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt; {
        <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Solves the system `self * x = b` where `self` is the decomposed matrix and `x` the unknown.
    ///
    /// The result is stored on `b`.
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>solve_mut&lt;R2: Dim, C2: Dim, S2&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, b: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>Matrix&lt;T, R2, C2, S2&gt;)
    <span class="kw">where
        </span>S2: StorageMut&lt;T, R2, C2&gt;,
        ShapeConstraint: SameNumberOfRows&lt;R2, D&gt;,
    {
        <span class="self">self</span>.chol.solve_lower_triangular_unchecked_mut(b);
        <span class="self">self</span>.chol.ad_solve_lower_triangular_unchecked_mut(b);
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the solution of the system `self * x = b` where `self` is the decomposed matrix and
    /// `x` the unknown.
    </span><span class="attr">#[must_use = <span class="string">&quot;Did you mean to use solve_mut()?&quot;</span>]
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>solve&lt;R2: Dim, C2: Dim, S2&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, b: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Matrix&lt;T, R2, C2, S2&gt;) -&gt; OMatrix&lt;T, R2, C2&gt;
    <span class="kw">where
        </span>S2: Storage&lt;T, R2, C2&gt;,
        DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, R2, C2&gt;,
        ShapeConstraint: SameNumberOfRows&lt;R2, D&gt;,
    {
        <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>res = b.clone_owned();
        <span class="self">self</span>.solve_mut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>res);
        res
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Computes the inverse of the decomposed matrix.
    </span><span class="attr">#[must_use]
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>inverse(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt; {
        <span class="kw">let </span>shape = <span class="self">self</span>.chol.shape_generic();
        <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>res = OMatrix::identity_generic(shape.<span class="number">0</span>, shape.<span class="number">1</span>);

        <span class="self">self</span>.solve_mut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>res);
        res
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Computes the determinant of the decomposed matrix.
    </span><span class="attr">#[must_use]
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>determinant(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; T::SimdRealField {
        <span class="kw">let </span>dim = <span class="self">self</span>.chol.nrows();
        <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>prod_diag = T::one();
        <span class="kw">for </span>i <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..dim {
            prod_diag <span class="kw-2">*</span>= <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="self">self</span>.chol.get_unchecked((i, i)).clone() };
        }
        prod_diag.simd_modulus_squared()
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Computes the natural logarithm of determinant of the decomposed matrix.
    ///
    /// This method is more robust than `.determinant()` to very small or very
    /// large determinants since it returns the natural logarithm of the
    /// determinant rather than the determinant itself.
    </span><span class="attr">#[must_use]
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>ln_determinant(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; T::SimdRealField {
        <span class="kw">let </span>dim = <span class="self">self</span>.chol.nrows();
        <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>sum_diag = T::SimdRealField::zero();
        <span class="kw">for </span>i <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..dim {
            sum_diag += <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{
                <span class="self">self</span>.chol
                    .get_unchecked((i, i))
                    .clone()
                    .simd_modulus_squared()
                    .simd_ln()
            };
        }
        sum_diag
    }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T: ComplexField, D: Dim&gt; Cholesky&lt;T, D&gt;
<span class="kw">where
    </span>DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, D, D&gt;,
{
    <span class="doccomment">/// Attempts to compute the Cholesky decomposition of `matrix`.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the input matrix is not definite-positive. The input matrix is assumed
    /// to be symmetric and only the lower-triangular part is read.
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>new(matrix: OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>&gt; {
        <span class="self">Self</span>::new_internal(matrix, <span class="prelude-val">None</span>)
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Attempts to approximate the Cholesky decomposition of `matrix` by
    /// replacing non-positive values on the diagonals during the decomposition
    /// with the given `substitute`.
    ///
    /// [`try_sqrt`](ComplexField::try_sqrt) will be applied to the `substitute`
    /// when it has to be used.
    ///
    /// If your input matrix results only in positive values on the diagonals
    /// during the decomposition, `substitute` is unused and the result is just
    /// the same as if you used [`new`](Cholesky::new).
    ///
    /// This method allows to compensate for matrices with very small or even
    /// negative values due to numerical errors but necessarily results in only
    /// an approximation: it is basically a hack. If you don&#39;t specifically need
    /// Cholesky, it may be better to consider alternatives like the
    /// [`LU`](crate::linalg::LU) decomposition/factorization.
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>new_with_substitute(matrix: OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;, substitute: T) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>&gt; {
        <span class="self">Self</span>::new_internal(matrix, <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(substitute))
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Common implementation for `new` and `new_with_substitute`.
    </span><span class="kw">fn </span>new_internal(<span class="kw-2">mut </span>matrix: OMatrix&lt;T, D, D&gt;, substitute: <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;T&gt;) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>&gt; {
        <span class="macro">assert!</span>(matrix.is_square(), <span class="string">&quot;The input matrix must be square.&quot;</span>);

        <span class="kw">let </span>n = matrix.nrows();

        <span class="kw">for </span>j <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..n {
            <span class="kw">for </span>k <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..j {
                <span class="kw">let </span>factor = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ -matrix.get_unchecked((j, k)).clone() };

                <span class="kw">let </span>(<span class="kw-2">mut </span>col_j, col_k) = matrix.columns_range_pair_mut(j, k);
                <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>col_j = col_j.rows_range_mut(j..);
                <span class="kw">let </span>col_k = col_k.rows_range(j..);

                col_j.axpy(factor.conjugate(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>col_k, T::one());
            }

            <span class="kw">let </span>sqrt_denom = |v: T| {
                <span class="kw">if </span>v.is_zero() {
                    <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">None</span>;
                }
                v.try_sqrt()
            };

            <span class="kw">let </span>diag = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ matrix.get_unchecked((j, j)).clone() };

            <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(denom) =
                sqrt_denom(diag).or_else(|| substitute.clone().and_then(sqrt_denom))
            {
                <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{
                    <span class="kw-2">*</span>matrix.get_unchecked_mut((j, j)) = denom.clone();
                }

                <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>col = matrix.view_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., j);
                col /= denom;
                <span class="kw">continue</span>;
            }

            <span class="comment">// The diagonal element is either zero or its square root could not
            // be taken (e.g. for negative real numbers).
            </span><span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">None</span>;
        }

        <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(Cholesky { chol: matrix })
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Given the Cholesky decomposition of a matrix `M`, a scalar `sigma` and a vector `v`,
    /// performs a rank one update such that we end up with the decomposition of `M + sigma * (v * v.adjoint())`.
    </span><span class="attr">#[inline]
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>rank_one_update&lt;R2: Dim, S2&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Vector&lt;T, R2, S2&gt;, sigma: T::RealField)
    <span class="kw">where
        </span>S2: Storage&lt;T, R2, U1&gt;,
        DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, R2, U1&gt;,
        ShapeConstraint: SameNumberOfRows&lt;R2, D&gt;,
    {
        <span class="self">Self</span>::xx_rank_one_update(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>.chol, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>x.clone_owned(), sigma)
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Updates the decomposition such that we get the decomposition of a matrix with the given column `col` in the `j`th position.
    /// Since the matrix is square, an identical row will be added in the `j`th row.
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>insert_column&lt;R2, S2&gt;(
        <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>,
        j: usize,
        col: Vector&lt;T, R2, S2&gt;,
    ) -&gt; Cholesky&lt;T, DimSum&lt;D, U1&gt;&gt;
    <span class="kw">where
        </span>D: DimAdd&lt;U1&gt;,
        R2: Dim,
        S2: Storage&lt;T, R2, U1&gt;,
        DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, DimSum&lt;D, U1&gt;, DimSum&lt;D, U1&gt;&gt; + Allocator&lt;T, R2&gt;,
        ShapeConstraint: SameNumberOfRows&lt;R2, DimSum&lt;D, U1&gt;&gt;,
    {
        <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>col = col.into_owned();
        <span class="comment">// for an explanation of the formulas, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition#Updating_the_decomposition
        </span><span class="kw">let </span>n = col.nrows();
        <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
            n,
            <span class="self">self</span>.chol.nrows() + <span class="number">1</span>,
            <span class="string">&quot;The new column must have the size of the factored matrix plus one.&quot;
        </span>);
        <span class="macro">assert!</span>(j &lt; n, <span class="string">&quot;j needs to be within the bound of the new matrix.&quot;</span>);

        <span class="comment">// loads the data into a new matrix with an additional jth row/column
        // TODO: would it be worth it to avoid the zero-initialization?
        </span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>chol = Matrix::zeros_generic(
            <span class="self">self</span>.chol.shape_generic().<span class="number">0</span>.add(Const::&lt;<span class="number">1</span>&gt;),
            <span class="self">self</span>.chol.shape_generic().<span class="number">1</span>.add(Const::&lt;<span class="number">1</span>&gt;),
        );
        chol.view_range_mut(..j, ..j)
            .copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(..j, ..j));
        chol.view_range_mut(..j, j + <span class="number">1</span>..)
            .copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(..j, j..));
        chol.view_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., ..j)
            .copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(j.., ..j));
        chol.view_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., j + <span class="number">1</span>..)
            .copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(j.., j..));

        <span class="comment">// update the jth row
        </span><span class="kw">let </span>top_left_corner = <span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(..j, ..j);

        <span class="kw">let </span>col_j = col[j].clone();
        <span class="kw">let </span>(<span class="kw-2">mut </span>new_rowj_adjoint, <span class="kw-2">mut </span>new_colj) = col.rows_range_pair_mut(..j, j + <span class="number">1</span>..);
        <span class="macro">assert!</span>(
            top_left_corner.solve_lower_triangular_mut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>new_rowj_adjoint),
            <span class="string">&quot;Cholesky::insert_column : Unable to solve lower triangular system!&quot;
        </span>);

        new_rowj_adjoint.adjoint_to(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>chol.view_range_mut(j, ..j));

        <span class="comment">// update the center element
        </span><span class="kw">let </span>center_element = T::sqrt(col_j - T::from_real(new_rowj_adjoint.norm_squared()));
        chol[(j, j)] = center_element.clone();

        <span class="comment">// update the jth column
        </span><span class="kw">let </span>bottom_left_corner = <span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(j.., ..j);
        <span class="comment">// new_colj = (col_jplus - bottom_left_corner * new_rowj.adjoint()) / center_element;
        </span>new_colj.gemm(
            -T::one() / center_element.clone(),
            <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>bottom_left_corner,
            <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>new_rowj_adjoint,
            T::one() / center_element,
        );
        chol.view_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., j).copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>new_colj);

        <span class="comment">// update the bottom right corner
        </span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>bottom_right_corner = chol.view_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., j + <span class="number">1</span>..);
        <span class="self">Self</span>::xx_rank_one_update(
            <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>bottom_right_corner,
            <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>new_colj,
            -T::RealField::one(),
        );

        Cholesky { chol }
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Updates the decomposition such that we get the decomposition of the factored matrix with its `j`th column removed.
    /// Since the matrix is square, the `j`th row will also be removed.
    </span><span class="attr">#[must_use]
    </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>remove_column(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, j: usize) -&gt; Cholesky&lt;T, DimDiff&lt;D, U1&gt;&gt;
    <span class="kw">where
        </span>D: DimSub&lt;U1&gt;,
        DefaultAllocator: Allocator&lt;T, DimDiff&lt;D, U1&gt;, DimDiff&lt;D, U1&gt;&gt; + Allocator&lt;T, D&gt;,
    {
        <span class="kw">let </span>n = <span class="self">self</span>.chol.nrows();
        <span class="macro">assert!</span>(n &gt; <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="string">&quot;The matrix needs at least one column.&quot;</span>);
        <span class="macro">assert!</span>(j &lt; n, <span class="string">&quot;j needs to be within the bound of the matrix.&quot;</span>);

        <span class="comment">// loads the data into a new matrix except for the jth row/column
        // TODO: would it be worth it to avoid this zero initialization?
        </span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>chol = Matrix::zeros_generic(
            <span class="self">self</span>.chol.shape_generic().<span class="number">0</span>.sub(Const::&lt;<span class="number">1</span>&gt;),
            <span class="self">self</span>.chol.shape_generic().<span class="number">1</span>.sub(Const::&lt;<span class="number">1</span>&gt;),
        );
        chol.view_range_mut(..j, ..j)
            .copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(..j, ..j));
        chol.view_range_mut(..j, j..)
            .copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(..j, j + <span class="number">1</span>..));
        chol.view_range_mut(j.., ..j)
            .copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., ..j));
        chol.view_range_mut(j.., j..)
            .copy_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.chol.view_range(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., j + <span class="number">1</span>..));

        <span class="comment">// updates the bottom right corner
        </span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>bottom_right_corner = chol.view_range_mut(j.., j..);
        <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>workspace = <span class="self">self</span>.chol.column(j).clone_owned();
        <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>old_colj = workspace.rows_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>..);
        <span class="self">Self</span>::xx_rank_one_update(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>bottom_right_corner, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>old_colj, T::RealField::one());

        Cholesky { chol }
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Given the Cholesky decomposition of a matrix `M`, a scalar `sigma` and a vector `x`,
    /// performs a rank one update such that we end up with the decomposition of `M + sigma * (x * x.adjoint())`.
    ///
    /// This helper method is called by `rank_one_update` but also `insert_column` and `remove_column`
    /// where it is used on a square view of the decomposition
    </span><span class="kw">fn </span>xx_rank_one_update&lt;Dm, Sm, Rx, Sx&gt;(
        chol: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>Matrix&lt;T, Dm, Dm, Sm&gt;,
        x: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>Vector&lt;T, Rx, Sx&gt;,
        sigma: T::RealField,
    ) <span class="kw">where
        </span><span class="comment">//T: ComplexField,
        </span>Dm: Dim,
        Rx: Dim,
        Sm: StorageMut&lt;T, Dm, Dm&gt;,
        Sx: StorageMut&lt;T, Rx, U1&gt;,
    {
        <span class="comment">// heavily inspired by Eigen&#39;s `llt_rank_update_lower` implementation https://eigen.tuxfamily.org/dox/LLT_8h_source.html
        </span><span class="kw">let </span>n = x.nrows();
        <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
            n,
            chol.nrows(),
            <span class="string">&quot;The input vector must be of the same size as the factorized matrix.&quot;
        </span>);

        <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>beta = <span class="kw">crate</span>::one::&lt;T::RealField&gt;();

        <span class="kw">for </span>j <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..n {
            <span class="comment">// updates the diagonal
            </span><span class="kw">let </span>diag = T::real(<span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ chol.get_unchecked((j, j)).clone() });
            <span class="kw">let </span>diag2 = diag.clone() * diag.clone();
            <span class="kw">let </span>xj = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ x.get_unchecked(j).clone() };
            <span class="kw">let </span>sigma_xj2 = sigma.clone() * T::modulus_squared(xj.clone());
            <span class="kw">let </span>gamma = diag2.clone() * beta.clone() + sigma_xj2.clone();
            <span class="kw">let </span>new_diag = (diag2.clone() + sigma_xj2.clone() / beta.clone()).sqrt();
            <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">*</span>chol.get_unchecked_mut((j, j)) = T::from_real(new_diag.clone()) };
            beta += sigma_xj2 / diag2;
            <span class="comment">// updates the terms of L
            </span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>xjplus = x.rows_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>..);
            <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>col_j = chol.view_range_mut(j + <span class="number">1</span>.., j);
            <span class="comment">// temp_jplus -= (wj / T::from_real(diag)) * col_j;
            </span>xjplus.axpy(-xj.clone() / T::from_real(diag.clone()), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>col_j, T::one());
            <span class="kw">if </span>gamma != <span class="kw">crate</span>::zero::&lt;T::RealField&gt;() {
                <span class="comment">// col_j = T::from_real(nljj / diag) * col_j  + (T::from_real(nljj * sigma / gamma) * T::conjugate(wj)) * temp_jplus;
                </span>col_j.axpy(
                    T::from_real(new_diag.clone() * sigma.clone() / gamma) * T::conjugate(xj),
                    <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>xjplus,
                    T::from_real(new_diag / diag),
                );
            }
        }
    }
}
</code></pre></div>
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