mp4box 0.9.0

MP4/ISOBMFF parser and editor: box trees, typed decoding, sample tables, fragmented MP4, and non-destructive editing
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
//! Regression tests for decoder and parser bugs fixed in 0.9:
//! - FullBox decoders (mvhd/tkhd/elst/sidx/mdhd) double-parsing version/flags
//! - tkhd v0 reading 8-byte timestamps
//! - `meta` parsed as a plain container (version/flags leaked into children)
//! - stsd sample entries and their codec-config children not exposed
//! - mdhd version 1, stz2, iTunes tag coverage
//!
//! All fixtures are built synthetically so the tests are self-contained.

use mp4box::registry::StructuredData;
use mp4box::{Box, get_boxes, get_itunes_tags};
use std::io::Cursor;

// ---------- fixture builders ----------

/// Plain box: 4-byte size + fourcc + payload.
fn plain_box(typ: &[u8; 4], payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(8 + payload.len());
    v.extend_from_slice(&((8 + payload.len()) as u32).to_be_bytes());
    v.extend_from_slice(typ);
    v.extend_from_slice(payload);
    v
}

/// FullBox: adds version + 24-bit flags before the payload.
fn full_box(typ: &[u8; 4], version: u8, flags: u32, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut inner = Vec::with_capacity(4 + payload.len());
    inner.push(version);
    inner.extend_from_slice(&flags.to_be_bytes()[1..4]);
    inner.extend_from_slice(payload);
    plain_box(typ, &inner)
}

fn parse(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<Box> {
    let len = data.len() as u64;
    let mut cur = Cursor::new(data);
    get_boxes(&mut cur, len, true).expect("parse failed")
}

fn find<'a>(boxes: &'a [Box], typ: &str) -> &'a Box {
    boxes
        .iter()
        .find(|b| b.typ == typ)
        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("box {typ} not found"))
}

// ---------- mvhd ----------

fn mvhd_v0_payload(timescale: u32, duration: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // creation_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // modification_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&timescale.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&duration.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&0x0001_0000u32.to_be_bytes()); // rate
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 2 + 10 + 36 + 24 + 4]); // volume..next_track_ID
    p
}

#[test]
fn mvhd_v0_decodes_timescale_and_duration() {
    let data = full_box(b"mvhd", 0, 0, &mvhd_v0_payload(600, 357884));
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let decoded = find(&boxes, "mvhd").decoded.as_deref().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(decoded, "timescale=600 duration=357884");
}

#[test]
fn mvhd_v1_decodes_timescale_and_duration() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u64.to_be_bytes()); // creation_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u64.to_be_bytes()); // modification_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&90000u32.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&8_589_934_592u64.to_be_bytes()); // > u32::MAX
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 80]);
    let data = full_box(b"mvhd", 1, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let decoded = find(&boxes, "mvhd").decoded.as_deref().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(decoded, "timescale=90000 duration=8589934592");
}

// ---------- tkhd ----------

fn tkhd_v0_payload(track_id: u32, duration: u32, width: u16, height: u16) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // creation_time (4 bytes in v0!)
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // modification_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&track_id.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&duration.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 8]); // reserved[2]
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 8]); // layer/alternate_group/volume/reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 36]); // matrix
    p.extend_from_slice(&((width as u32) << 16).to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&((height as u32) << 16).to_be_bytes());
    p
}

#[test]
fn tkhd_v0_structured_fields() {
    let data = full_box(b"tkhd", 0, 3, &tkhd_v0_payload(7, 48000, 1280, 720));
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let tkhd = find(&boxes, "tkhd");
    let Some(StructuredData::TrackHeader(d)) = &tkhd.structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured tkhd, got {:?}", tkhd.decoded);
    };
    assert_eq!(d.track_id, 7);
    assert_eq!(d.duration, 48000);
    assert_eq!(d.width, 1280.0);
    assert_eq!(d.height, 720.0);
    assert_eq!(d.flags, 3);
}

#[test]
fn tkhd_v1_structured_fields() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u64.to_be_bytes()); // creation_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u64.to_be_bytes()); // modification_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&42u32.to_be_bytes()); // track_id
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&6_000_000_000u64.to_be_bytes()); // duration > u32::MAX
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 8 + 8 + 36]);
    p.extend_from_slice(&(1920u32 << 16).to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&(1080u32 << 16).to_be_bytes());
    let data = full_box(b"tkhd", 1, 1, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::TrackHeader(d)) = &find(&boxes, "tkhd").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured tkhd");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.track_id, 42);
    assert_eq!(d.duration, 6_000_000_000);
    assert_eq!(d.width, 1920.0);
    assert_eq!(d.height, 1080.0);
}

// ---------- elst / sidx ----------

#[test]
fn elst_v0_decodes_first_entry() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_be_bytes()); // entry_count
    p.extend_from_slice(&1000u32.to_be_bytes()); // segment_duration
    p.extend_from_slice(&(-1i32).to_be_bytes()); // media_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&1i16.to_be_bytes()); // media_rate_integer
    p.extend_from_slice(&0i16.to_be_bytes()); // media_rate_fraction
    let data = full_box(b"elst", 0, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let decoded = find(&boxes, "elst").decoded.as_deref().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(
        decoded,
        "version=0 entries=1 first: duration=1000 media_time=-1 rate=1/0"
    );
}

#[test]
fn sidx_v0_decodes_summary_and_references() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_be_bytes()); // reference_ID
    p.extend_from_slice(&48000u32.to_be_bytes()); // timescale
    p.extend_from_slice(&96000u32.to_be_bytes()); // earliest_presentation_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // first_offset
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u16.to_be_bytes()); // reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&3u16.to_be_bytes()); // reference_count
    for i in 0..3u32 {
        p.extend_from_slice(&(1000 + i).to_be_bytes()); // type=0 + referenced_size
        p.extend_from_slice(&48000u32.to_be_bytes()); // subsegment_duration
        p.extend_from_slice(&0x9000_0000u32.to_be_bytes()); // starts_with_sap, sap_type=1
    }
    let data = full_box(b"sidx", 0, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let sidx = find(&boxes, "sidx");
    assert_eq!(
        sidx.decoded.as_deref(),
        Some("timescale=48000 earliest_presentation_time=96000 first_offset=0 references=3")
    );
    let Some(StructuredData::SegmentIndex(d)) = &sidx.structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured sidx");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.reference_id, 1);
    assert_eq!(d.references.len(), 3);
    assert_eq!(d.references[0].referenced_size, 1000);
    assert_eq!(d.references[2].referenced_size, 1002);
    assert!(d.references[0].starts_with_sap);
    assert_eq!(d.references[0].sap_type, 1);
    assert_eq!(d.references[0].subsegment_duration, 48000);
}

// ---------- mdhd ----------

#[test]
fn mdhd_v1_structured_fields() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u64.to_be_bytes()); // creation_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u64.to_be_bytes()); // modification_time
    p.extend_from_slice(&90000u32.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&5_000_000_000u64.to_be_bytes()); // > u32::MAX
    p.extend_from_slice(&0x55C4u16.to_be_bytes()); // language "und"
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u16.to_be_bytes()); // pre_defined
    let data = full_box(b"mdhd", 1, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::MediaHeader(d)) = &find(&boxes, "mdhd").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured mdhd");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.timescale, 90000);
    assert_eq!(d.duration, 5_000_000_000);
    assert_eq!(d.language, "und");
}

// ---------- stz2 ----------

#[test]
fn stz2_decodes_8bit_field_sizes() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0, 0, 0]); // reserved
    p.push(8); // field_size
    p.extend_from_slice(&3u32.to_be_bytes()); // sample_count
    p.extend_from_slice(&[10, 20, 30]);
    let data = full_box(b"stz2", 0, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::SampleSize(d)) = &find(&boxes, "stz2").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured stz2");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.sample_count, 3);
    assert_eq!(d.sample_sizes, vec![10, 20, 30]);
}

#[test]
fn stz2_decodes_4bit_field_sizes() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0, 0, 0]);
    p.push(4); // field_size: two samples per byte
    p.extend_from_slice(&3u32.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0x12, 0x30]); // sizes 1, 2, 3 (last nibble padding)
    let data = full_box(b"stz2", 0, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::SampleSize(d)) = &find(&boxes, "stz2").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured stz2");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.sample_sizes, vec![1, 2, 3]);
}

// ---------- meta ----------

fn ilst_with_tags() -> Vec<u8> {
    // ©nam > data (type 1 = UTF-8): "Hello"
    let mut name_data = Vec::new();
    name_data.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_be_bytes()); // type indicator
    name_data.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // locale
    name_data.extend_from_slice(b"Hello");
    let nam = plain_box(b"\xa9nam", &plain_box(b"data", &name_data));

    // trkn > data (type 0 implicit): track 3 of 12
    let mut trkn_data = Vec::new();
    trkn_data.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // type indicator
    trkn_data.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // locale
    trkn_data.extend_from_slice(&[0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 12, 0, 0]);
    let trkn = plain_box(b"trkn", &plain_box(b"data", &trkn_data));

    let mut ilst_payload = nam;
    ilst_payload.extend_from_slice(&trkn);
    plain_box(b"ilst", &ilst_payload)
}

fn iso_meta() -> Vec<u8> {
    // hdlr (FullBox) + ilst inside an ISO-style meta (FullBox container)
    let mut hdlr_payload = Vec::new();
    hdlr_payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // pre_defined
    hdlr_payload.extend_from_slice(b"mdir");
    hdlr_payload.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 12]); // reserved
    let hdlr = full_box(b"hdlr", 0, 0, &hdlr_payload);

    let mut meta_payload = hdlr;
    meta_payload.extend_from_slice(&ilst_with_tags());
    full_box(b"meta", 0, 0, &meta_payload)
}

#[test]
fn iso_meta_children_parse_correctly() {
    let data = iso_meta();
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let meta = find(&boxes, "meta");
    assert_eq!(meta.kind, "container");
    assert_eq!(meta.version, Some(0));
    let children = meta.children.as_ref().unwrap();
    let types: Vec<&str> = children.iter().map(|c| c.typ.as_str()).collect();
    assert_eq!(types, vec!["hdlr", "ilst"]);
}

#[test]
fn quicktime_meta_without_version_flags_parses() {
    // QT-style meta: children start immediately, no version/flags.
    let mut hdlr_payload = Vec::new();
    hdlr_payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes());
    hdlr_payload.extend_from_slice(b"mdta");
    hdlr_payload.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 12]);
    let hdlr = full_box(b"hdlr", 0, 0, &hdlr_payload);
    let data = plain_box(b"meta", &hdlr);

    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let meta = find(&boxes, "meta");
    assert_eq!(meta.kind, "container");
    let children = meta.children.as_ref().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(children.len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(children[0].typ, "hdlr");
}

#[test]
fn itunes_tags_from_synthetic_file() {
    let udta = plain_box(b"udta", &iso_meta());
    let moov = plain_box(b"moov", &udta);

    let len = moov.len() as u64;
    let mut cur = Cursor::new(moov);
    let tags = get_itunes_tags(&mut cur, len).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(tags.get("title").map(String::as_str), Some("Hello"));
    assert_eq!(tags.get("track").map(String::as_str), Some("3/12"));
}

// ---------- stsd ----------

fn avc1_sample_entry(width: u16, height: u16) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 6]); // reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // data_reference_index
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 16]); // pre_defined/reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&width.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&height.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&0x0048_0000u32.to_be_bytes()); // horizresolution
    p.extend_from_slice(&0x0048_0000u32.to_be_bytes()); // vertresolution
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // frame_count
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 32]); // compressorname
    p.extend_from_slice(&0x0018u16.to_be_bytes()); // depth
    p.extend_from_slice(&(-1i16).to_be_bytes()); // pre_defined
    // avcC child: configurationVersion=1, profile=100, compat=0, level=31
    p.extend_from_slice(&plain_box(b"avcC", &[1, 100, 0, 31, 0xFF, 0xE1]));
    plain_box(b"avc1", &p)
}

fn mp4a_sample_entry(channels: u16, sample_rate: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 6]); // reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // data_reference_index
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 8]); // version/revision/vendor
    p.extend_from_slice(&channels.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&16u16.to_be_bytes()); // samplesize
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 4]); // pre_defined + reserved
    p.extend_from_slice(&(sample_rate << 16).to_be_bytes());
    plain_box(b"mp4a", &p)
}

fn stsd_with_entries(entries: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&(entries.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
    for e in entries {
        p.extend_from_slice(e);
    }
    full_box(b"stsd", 0, 0, &p)
}

#[test]
fn stsd_exposes_sample_entry_and_codec_children() {
    let data = stsd_with_entries(&[avc1_sample_entry(1920, 1080)]);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let stsd = find(&boxes, "stsd");

    // Tree: stsd > avc1 > avcC
    assert_eq!(stsd.kind, "container");
    let entries = stsd.children.as_ref().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(entries.len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(entries[0].typ, "avc1");
    let codec_children = entries[0].children.as_ref().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(codec_children[0].typ, "avcC");
    let avcc = codec_children[0].decoded.as_deref().unwrap();
    assert!(avcc.contains("profile=100"), "avcC decoded: {avcc}");
    assert!(avcc.contains("level=3.1"), "avcC decoded: {avcc}");

    // Structured data: width/height and real data_reference_index
    let Some(StructuredData::SampleDescription(d)) = &stsd.structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured stsd");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.entries.len(), 1);
    assert_eq!(d.entries[0].codec, "avc1");
    assert_eq!(d.entries[0].data_reference_index, 1);
    assert_eq!(d.entries[0].width, Some(1920));
    assert_eq!(d.entries[0].height, Some(1080));
}

#[test]
fn stsd_decodes_audio_fields_and_multiple_entries() {
    let data = stsd_with_entries(&[mp4a_sample_entry(2, 44100), avc1_sample_entry(640, 480)]);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::SampleDescription(d)) = &find(&boxes, "stsd").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured stsd");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.entry_count, 2);
    assert_eq!(d.entries.len(), 2);
    assert_eq!(d.entries[0].codec, "mp4a");
    assert_eq!(d.entries[0].channel_count, Some(2));
    assert_eq!(d.entries[0].sample_rate, Some(44100));
    assert_eq!(d.entries[0].sample_size, Some(16));
    assert_eq!(d.entries[1].codec, "avc1");
    assert_eq!(d.entries[1].width, Some(640));
}

// ---------- classification ----------

#[test]
fn dinf_is_container_and_dref_visible() {
    use mp4box::known_boxes::KnownBox;
    use std::str::FromStr;
    let dinf = KnownBox::from(mp4box::FourCC::from_str("dinf").unwrap());
    assert!(dinf.is_container());

    // dref (FullBox) inside dinf must appear as a child.
    let dref = full_box(b"dref", 0, 0, &0u32.to_be_bytes());
    let data = plain_box(b"dinf", &dref);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let dinf = find(&boxes, "dinf");
    assert_eq!(dinf.children.as_ref().unwrap()[0].typ, "dref");
}

#[test]
fn trailing_padding_is_tolerated() {
    // A valid box followed by 4 bytes of zero padding must not error.
    let mut data = full_box(b"mvhd", 0, 0, &mvhd_v0_payload(600, 100));
    data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 4]);
    let len = data.len() as u64;
    let mut cur = Cursor::new(data);
    let boxes = get_boxes(&mut cur, len, false).expect("padding should be tolerated");
    assert_eq!(boxes.len(), 1);
}

// ---------- real-file integration (skipped when media files are absent) ----------

#[test]
fn real_file_ground_truth() {
    let path = "BigBuckBunny.mp4";
    if !std::path::Path::new(path).exists() {
        eprintln!("skipping: {path} not present");
        return;
    }

    let mut file = std::fs::File::open(path).unwrap();
    let size = file.metadata().unwrap().len();
    let boxes = get_boxes(&mut file, size, true).unwrap();

    // Ground truth read manually from the file bytes.
    let moov = find(&boxes, "moov");
    let mvhd = find(moov.children.as_ref().unwrap(), "mvhd");
    assert_eq!(
        mvhd.decoded.as_deref(),
        Some("timescale=600 duration=357884")
    );

    let tracks = mp4box::track_samples_from_path(path).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(tracks.len(), 2);
    assert_eq!(tracks[0].track_id, 1);
    assert_eq!(tracks[0].handler_type, "soun");
    assert_eq!(tracks[0].timescale, 44100);
    assert_eq!(tracks[0].samples[0].duration, 1024);
    assert_eq!(tracks[1].track_id, 2);
    assert_eq!(tracks[1].handler_type, "vide");
    // First video sample must be a keyframe located inside the file.
    assert!(tracks[1].samples[0].is_sync);
    assert!(tracks[1].samples[0].file_offset > 0);
    assert!(tracks[1].samples[0].file_offset < size);
}

// ---------- DRM / DASH boxes ----------

const WIDEVINE_ID: [u8; 16] = [
    0xED, 0xEF, 0x8B, 0xA9, 0x79, 0xD6, 0x4A, 0xCE, 0xA3, 0xC8, 0x27, 0xDC, 0xD5, 0x1D, 0x21, 0xED,
];

#[test]
fn pssh_v0_recognizes_widevine() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&WIDEVINE_ID);
    p.extend_from_slice(&5u32.to_be_bytes()); // data_size
    p.extend_from_slice(&[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    let data = full_box(b"pssh", 0, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let pssh = find(&boxes, "pssh");
    let Some(StructuredData::ProtectionSystemHeader(d)) = &pssh.structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured pssh");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.system_id, "edef8ba9-79d6-4ace-a3c8-27dcd51d21ed");
    assert_eq!(d.system_name.as_deref(), Some("Widevine"));
    assert!(d.key_ids.is_empty());
    assert_eq!(d.data_size, 5);
    assert!(pssh.decoded.as_deref().unwrap().contains("Widevine"));
}

#[test]
fn pssh_v1_lists_key_ids() {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&WIDEVINE_ID);
    p.extend_from_slice(&2u32.to_be_bytes()); // KID_count
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0xAA; 16]);
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0xBB; 16]);
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes()); // data_size
    let data = full_box(b"pssh", 1, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::ProtectionSystemHeader(d)) = &find(&boxes, "pssh").structured_data
    else {
        panic!("expected structured pssh");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.key_ids.len(), 2);
    assert_eq!(d.key_ids[0], "aa".repeat(16));
    assert_eq!(d.key_ids[1], "bb".repeat(16));
}

#[test]
fn tenc_v1_pattern_encryption() {
    // reserved, pattern (crypt=1, skip=9), is_protected, iv_size=0
    let mut p = vec![0u8, 0x19, 1, 0];
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0xCC; 16]); // default_KID
    p.push(16); // constant IV size
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0xDD; 16]);
    let data = full_box(b"tenc", 1, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::TrackEncryption(d)) = &find(&boxes, "tenc").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured tenc");
    };
    assert!(d.default_is_protected);
    assert_eq!(d.default_crypt_byte_block, 1);
    assert_eq!(d.default_skip_byte_block, 9);
    assert_eq!(d.default_per_sample_iv_size, 0);
    assert_eq!(d.default_kid, "cc".repeat(16));
    assert_eq!(
        d.default_constant_iv.as_deref(),
        Some("dd".repeat(16).as_str())
    );
}

#[test]
fn emsg_v0_and_v1_decode() {
    // v0: scheme/value strings first, then delta timing.
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(b"urn:scte:scte35:2013:xml\0");
    p.extend_from_slice(b"1\0");
    p.extend_from_slice(&90000u32.to_be_bytes()); // timescale
    p.extend_from_slice(&180000u32.to_be_bytes()); // presentation_time_delta
    p.extend_from_slice(&270000u32.to_be_bytes()); // event_duration
    p.extend_from_slice(&7u32.to_be_bytes()); // id
    p.extend_from_slice(b"<payload/>");
    let data = full_box(b"emsg", 0, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::EventMessage(d)) = &find(&boxes, "emsg").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured emsg");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.scheme_id_uri, "urn:scte:scte35:2013:xml");
    assert_eq!(d.value, "1");
    assert_eq!(d.timescale, 90000);
    assert_eq!(d.presentation_time_delta, Some(180000));
    assert_eq!(d.presentation_time, None);
    assert_eq!(d.id, 7);
    assert_eq!(d.message_size, 10);

    // v1: absolute 64-bit presentation time first, strings after.
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.extend_from_slice(&90000u32.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&8_589_934_592u64.to_be_bytes()); // > u32::MAX
    p.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&9u32.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(b"urn:example\0");
    p.extend_from_slice(b"\0");
    let data = full_box(b"emsg", 1, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::EventMessage(d)) = &find(&boxes, "emsg").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured emsg");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.scheme_id_uri, "urn:example");
    assert_eq!(d.presentation_time, Some(8_589_934_592));
    assert_eq!(d.presentation_time_delta, None);
    assert_eq!(d.message_size, 0);
}

// ---------- esds AudioSpecificConfig ----------

/// Build an esds payload with the given DecoderSpecificInfo bytes.
fn esds_payload(object_type: u8, dsi: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    // ES_Descriptor (tag 3): ES_ID(2) + flags(1) + DecoderConfigDescriptor
    let dcd_len = 13 + 2 + dsi.len();
    p.push(0x03);
    p.push((3 + 2 + dcd_len) as u8);
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0, 1, 0]); // ES_ID=1, no flags
    // DecoderConfigDescriptor (tag 4)
    p.push(0x04);
    p.push((13 + 2 + dsi.len()) as u8);
    p.push(object_type);
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0x15, 0, 0, 0]); // streamType + bufferSizeDB
    p.extend_from_slice(&128_000u32.to_be_bytes()); // maxBitrate
    p.extend_from_slice(&96_000u32.to_be_bytes()); // avgBitrate
    // DecoderSpecificInfo (tag 5)
    p.push(0x05);
    p.push(dsi.len() as u8);
    p.extend_from_slice(dsi);
    p
}

fn parse_esds(dsi: &[u8]) -> mp4box::registry::EsdsData {
    let data = full_box(b"esds", 0, 0, &esds_payload(0x40, dsi));
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::ElementaryStream(d)) = &find(&boxes, "esds").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured esds");
    };
    d.clone()
}

#[test]
fn esds_aac_lc() {
    // AOT=2 (00010), freq idx=4/44100 (0100), channels=2 (0010), GA=000
    // -> 00010 0100 0010 000x = 0x12 0x10
    let d = parse_esds(&[0x12, 0x10]);
    let a = d.audio_config.expect("audio config");
    assert_eq!(a.profile, "AAC-LC");
    assert_eq!(a.audio_object_type, 2);
    assert_eq!(a.sample_rate, 44100);
    assert_eq!(a.channel_configuration, 2);
    assert!(!a.sbr);
    assert_eq!(a.extension_sample_rate, None);
    assert_eq!(d.max_bitrate, 128_000);
    assert_eq!(d.avg_bitrate, 96_000);
}

#[test]
fn esds_he_aac_hierarchical() {
    // AOT=5/SBR (00101), ext freq idx... wait: hierarchical layout is
    // aot=5, core freq idx=7/22050 (0111), channels=2 (0010),
    // ext freq idx=4/44100 (0100), inner aot=2 (00010)
    // bits: 00101 0111 0010 0100 00010 -> 0x2B 0x92 0x08 (last 2 bits pad)
    let d = parse_esds(&[0x2B, 0x92, 0x08]);
    let a = d.audio_config.expect("audio config");
    assert_eq!(a.profile, "HE-AAC");
    assert!(a.sbr);
    assert!(!a.ps);
    assert_eq!(a.sample_rate, 22050);
    assert_eq!(a.extension_sample_rate, Some(44100));
    assert_eq!(a.audio_object_type, 2); // inner codec is AAC-LC
}

#[test]
fn esds_he_aac_backward_compatible() {
    // Real-world bytes from an AudioToolbox HE-AAC encode:
    // AAC-LC@22050 stereo core + 0x2B7 sync extension, SBR, ext rate 44100.
    let d = parse_esds(&[0x13, 0x90, 0x56, 0xE5, 0xA0]);
    let a = d.audio_config.expect("audio config");
    assert_eq!(a.profile, "HE-AAC");
    assert!(a.sbr);
    assert!(!a.ps);
    assert_eq!(a.sample_rate, 22050);
    assert_eq!(a.extension_sample_rate, Some(44100));
    assert_eq!(a.channel_configuration, 2);
}

#[test]
fn esds_plain_aac_without_dsi_still_decodes() {
    // esds with no DecoderSpecificInfo at all.
    let mut p = Vec::new();
    p.push(0x03);
    p.push(18);
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0, 1, 0]);
    p.push(0x04);
    p.push(13);
    p.push(0x6B); // MP3
    p.extend_from_slice(&[0x15, 0, 0, 0]);
    p.extend_from_slice(&320_000u32.to_be_bytes());
    p.extend_from_slice(&320_000u32.to_be_bytes());
    let data = full_box(b"esds", 0, 0, &p);
    let boxes = parse(&data);
    let Some(StructuredData::ElementaryStream(d)) = &find(&boxes, "esds").structured_data else {
        panic!("expected structured esds");
    };
    assert_eq!(d.object_type, 0x6B);
    assert_eq!(d.object_type_name, "MP3");
    assert!(d.audio_config.is_none());
}