mise 2026.5.0

Dev tools, env vars, and tasks in one CLI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
use crate::Result;
use crate::backend::Backend;
use crate::backend::VersionInfo;
use crate::backend::backend_type::BackendType;
use crate::backend::platform_target::PlatformTarget;
use crate::cache::{CacheManager, CacheManagerBuilder};
use crate::cli::args::BackendArg;
use crate::cmd::CmdLineRunner;
use crate::config::settings::NpmPackageManager;
use crate::config::{Config, Settings};
use crate::duration::{elapsed_seconds_ceil, process_now};
use crate::install_context::InstallContext;
use crate::semver::{semver_is_at_least, semver_is_older_than, semver_triplet};
use crate::timeout;
use crate::toolset::{ToolRequest, ToolVersion, Toolset};
use async_trait::async_trait;
use jiff::Timestamp;
use serde_json::Value;
use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::ffi::OsString;
use std::path::Path;
use std::{fmt::Debug, sync::Arc};
use tokio::sync::Mutex as TokioMutex;

/// Tolerance applied when converting an absolute `before_date` back to a
/// relative duration for CLI flags. This ensures that a user-supplied
/// `minimum_release_age = "3d"` never gets rounded up to `4d` due to small amounts
/// of elapsed time between when mise resolved the cutoff and when it invoked
/// the package manager.
const BEFORE_DATE_TOLERANCE_SECS: u64 = 60;
const NPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION: &str = "11.10.0";
const AUBE_PROGRAM: &str = if cfg!(windows) { "aube.exe" } else { "aube" };
const BUN_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION: &str = "1.3.0";
const PNPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION: &str = "10.16.0";

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct NPMBackend {
    ba: Arc<BackendArg>,
    // use a mutex to prevent deadlocks that occurs due to reentrant cache access
    latest_version_cache: TokioMutex<CacheManager<Option<String>>>,
}

const NPM_PROGRAM: &str = if cfg!(windows) { "npm.cmd" } else { "npm" };

#[async_trait]
impl Backend for NPMBackend {
    fn get_type(&self) -> BackendType {
        BackendType::Npm
    }

    fn ba(&self) -> &Arc<BackendArg> {
        &self.ba
    }

    fn mark_prereleases_from_version_pattern(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }

    fn get_dependencies(&self) -> eyre::Result<Vec<&str>> {
        // npm CLI is always needed for version queries (npm view), plus the configured
        // package manager for installation. We avoid listing all package managers to
        // prevent incorrect dependency edges.
        let settings = Settings::get();
        let package_manager = settings.npm.package_manager;
        let tool_name = self.tool_name();

        // Avoid circular dependency when installing npm itself
        // But we still need the configured package manager for installation
        if tool_name == "npm" {
            return match package_manager {
                NpmPackageManager::Auto => Ok(vec!["node"]),
                NpmPackageManager::Aube => Ok(vec!["node", "aube"]),
                NpmPackageManager::Bun => Ok(vec!["node", "bun"]),
                NpmPackageManager::Pnpm => Ok(vec!["node", "pnpm"]),
                NpmPackageManager::Npm => Ok(vec!["node"]),
            };
        }

        // Avoid circular dependency when installing the configured package manager
        // e.g., npm:bun with bun configured, or npm:pnpm with pnpm configured
        if tool_name == package_manager.to_string() {
            // Still need npm for version queries
            return Ok(vec!["node", "npm"]);
        }

        // For regular packages: need npm (for version queries) + configured package manager
        let mut deps = vec!["node", "npm"];
        match package_manager {
            NpmPackageManager::Auto => {}
            NpmPackageManager::Aube => deps.push("aube"),
            NpmPackageManager::Bun => deps.push("bun"),
            NpmPackageManager::Pnpm => deps.push("pnpm"),
            NpmPackageManager::Npm => {} // npm is already in deps
        }
        Ok(deps)
    }

    /// NPM installs packages from npm registry using version specs (e.g., eslint@8.0.0).
    /// It doesn't support installing from direct URLs, so lockfile URLs are not applicable.
    fn supports_lockfile_url(&self) -> bool {
        false
    }

    fn get_optional_dependencies(&self) -> eyre::Result<Vec<&str>> {
        Ok(vec!["aube"])
    }

    fn resolve_lockfile_options(
        &self,
        request: &ToolRequest,
        _target: &PlatformTarget,
    ) -> BTreeMap<String, String> {
        let opts = request.options();
        let mut result = BTreeMap::new();

        for key in install_time_option_keys() {
            if let Some(value) = opts.get(&key) {
                result.insert(key, value.to_string());
            }
        }

        result
    }

    async fn _list_remote_versions(&self, config: &Arc<Config>) -> eyre::Result<Vec<VersionInfo>> {
        // Use npm CLI to respect custom registry configurations
        self.ensure_npm_for_version_check(config).await;
        timeout::run_with_timeout_async(
            async || {
                let env = self.dependency_env(config).await?;

                let raw = cmd!(
                    NPM_PROGRAM,
                    "view",
                    self.tool_name(),
                    "versions",
                    "time",
                    "--json"
                )
                .full_env(&env)
                .env("NPM_CONFIG_UPDATE_NOTIFIER", "false")
                .read()?;
                let data: Value = serde_json::from_str(&raw)?;
                let versions = data["versions"]
                    .as_array()
                    .ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("invalid versions"))?;
                let time = data["time"]
                    .as_object()
                    .ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("invalid time"))?;
                let version_info = versions
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|v| v.as_str())
                    .map(|version| {
                        let created_at = time
                            .get(version)
                            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                            .map(|s| s.to_string());
                        VersionInfo {
                            version: version.to_string(),
                            created_at,
                            prerelease: is_semver_prerelease(version),
                            ..Default::default()
                        }
                    })
                    .collect();

                Ok(version_info)
            },
            Settings::get().fetch_remote_versions_timeout(),
        )
        .await
    }

    async fn latest_stable_version(&self, config: &Arc<Config>) -> eyre::Result<Option<String>> {
        // TODO: Add bun support for getting latest version without npm
        // See TODO in _list_remote_versions for details
        self.ensure_npm_for_version_check(config).await;

        let cache = self.latest_version_cache.lock().await;
        let this = self;
        timeout::run_with_timeout_async(
            async || {
                cache
                    .get_or_try_init_async(async || {
                        // Always use npm for getting version info since bun info requires package.json
                        // bun is only used for actual package installation
                        let raw =
                            cmd!(NPM_PROGRAM, "view", this.tool_name(), "dist-tags", "--json")
                                .full_env(this.dependency_env(config).await?)
                                .env("NPM_CONFIG_UPDATE_NOTIFIER", "false")
                                .read()?;
                        let dist_tags: Value = serde_json::from_str(&raw)?;
                        match dist_tags["latest"] {
                            Value::String(ref s) => Ok(Some(s.clone())),
                            _ => Ok(None),
                        }
                    })
                    .await
            },
            Settings::get().fetch_remote_versions_timeout(),
        )
        .await
        .cloned()
    }

    async fn install_version_(&self, ctx: &InstallContext, tv: ToolVersion) -> Result<ToolVersion> {
        let package_manager = self
            .package_manager_for_install(&ctx.config, Some(&ctx.ts))
            .await;
        self.check_install_deps(&ctx.config, package_manager, Some(&ctx.ts))
            .await;
        let options = tv.request.options();
        let install_before_args = match ctx.before_date {
            Some(before_date) => {
                self.warn_if_package_manager_may_not_support_release_age(ctx, package_manager)
                    .await;
                self.build_transitive_release_age_args(&ctx.config, package_manager, before_date)
                    .await
            }
            None => Vec::new(),
        };
        match package_manager {
            NpmPackageManager::Auto => unreachable!("auto package manager should be resolved"),
            NpmPackageManager::Aube => {
                let aube_program = self
                    .aube_path_for_install(&ctx.config, Some(&ctx.ts))
                    .await
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| AUBE_PROGRAM.into());
                self.write_aube_npmrc(&tv.install_path(), ctx.before_date)?;
                let mut cmd = CmdLineRunner::new(aube_program)
                    .arg("add")
                    .arg("--global")
                    .arg(format!("{}@{}", self.tool_name(), tv.version))
                    .with_pr(ctx.pr.as_ref())
                    .envs(ctx.ts.env_with_path_without_tools(&ctx.config).await?)
                    .prepend_path(ctx.ts.list_paths(&ctx.config).await)?
                    .prepend_path(
                        self.dependency_toolset(&ctx.config)
                            .await?
                            .list_paths(&ctx.config)
                            .await,
                    )?
                    .current_dir(tv.install_path());
                if let Some(args) = options.get("aube_args") {
                    cmd = cmd.args(shell_words::split(args)?);
                }
                cmd.execute()?;
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Bun => {
                let mut cmd = CmdLineRunner::new("bun")
                    .arg("install")
                    .arg(format!("{}@{}", self.tool_name(), tv.version))
                    .arg("--global")
                    .arg("--trust")
                    // Isolated linker does not symlink binaries into BUN_INSTALL_BIN properly.
                    // https://github.com/jdx/mise/discussions/7541
                    .arg("--linker")
                    .arg("hoisted")
                    .args(install_before_args)
                    .with_pr(ctx.pr.as_ref())
                    .envs(ctx.ts.env_with_path_without_tools(&ctx.config).await?)
                    .env("BUN_INSTALL_GLOBAL_DIR", tv.install_path())
                    .env("BUN_INSTALL_BIN", tv.install_path().join("bin"))
                    .prepend_path(ctx.ts.list_paths(&ctx.config).await)?
                    .prepend_path(
                        self.dependency_toolset(&ctx.config)
                            .await?
                            .list_paths(&ctx.config)
                            .await,
                    )?
                    .current_dir(tv.install_path());
                if let Some(args) = options.get("bun_args") {
                    cmd = cmd.args(shell_words::split(args)?);
                }
                cmd.execute()?;
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Pnpm => {
                let bin_dir = tv.install_path().join("bin");
                crate::file::create_dir_all(&bin_dir)?;
                let mut cmd = CmdLineRunner::new("pnpm")
                    .arg("add")
                    .arg("--global")
                    .arg(format!("{}@{}", self.tool_name(), tv.version))
                    .arg("--global-dir")
                    .arg(tv.install_path())
                    .arg("--global-bin-dir")
                    .arg(&bin_dir)
                    .args(install_before_args)
                    .with_pr(ctx.pr.as_ref())
                    .envs(ctx.ts.env_with_path_without_tools(&ctx.config).await?)
                    .prepend_path(ctx.ts.list_paths(&ctx.config).await)?
                    .prepend_path(
                        self.dependency_toolset(&ctx.config)
                            .await?
                            .list_paths(&ctx.config)
                            .await,
                    )?
                    // required to avoid pnpm error "global bin dir isn't in PATH"
                    // https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/issues/9333
                    .prepend_path(vec![bin_dir])?;
                if let Some(args) = options.get("pnpm_args") {
                    cmd = cmd.args(shell_words::split(args)?);
                }
                cmd.execute()?;
            }
            _ => {
                let mut cmd = CmdLineRunner::new(NPM_PROGRAM)
                    .arg("install")
                    .arg("-g")
                    .arg(format!("{}@{}", self.tool_name(), tv.version))
                    .arg("--prefix")
                    .arg(tv.install_path())
                    .args(install_before_args)
                    .with_pr(ctx.pr.as_ref())
                    .envs(ctx.ts.env_with_path_without_tools(&ctx.config).await?)
                    .env("NPM_CONFIG_UPDATE_NOTIFIER", "false")
                    .prepend_path(ctx.ts.list_paths(&ctx.config).await)?
                    .prepend_path(
                        self.dependency_toolset(&ctx.config)
                            .await?
                            .list_paths(&ctx.config)
                            .await,
                    )?;
                if let Some(args) = options.get("npm_args") {
                    cmd = cmd.args(shell_words::split(args)?);
                }
                cmd.execute()?;
            }
        }
        Ok(tv)
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    async fn list_bin_paths(
        &self,
        _config: &Arc<Config>,
        tv: &crate::toolset::ToolVersion,
    ) -> eyre::Result<Vec<std::path::PathBuf>> {
        Ok(Self::windows_bin_paths_for_install_path(&tv.install_path()))
    }
}

impl NPMBackend {
    pub fn from_arg(ba: BackendArg) -> Self {
        Self {
            latest_version_cache: TokioMutex::new(
                CacheManagerBuilder::new(ba.cache_path.join("latest_version.msgpack.z"))
                    .with_fresh_duration(Settings::get().fetch_remote_versions_cache())
                    .build(),
            ),
            ba: Arc::new(ba),
        }
    }

    async fn build_transitive_release_age_args(
        &self,
        config: &Arc<Config>,
        package_manager: NpmPackageManager,
        before_date: Timestamp,
    ) -> Vec<OsString> {
        let seconds = elapsed_seconds_ceil(before_date, process_now());
        match package_manager {
            NpmPackageManager::Auto => unreachable!("auto package manager should be resolved"),
            NpmPackageManager::Aube => Vec::new(),
            NpmPackageManager::Npm => {
                // Sub-day windows always emit --before because --min-release-age
                // is day-granular — which is also the fallback for older npm.
                // Short-circuiting here lets us skip the `npm --version` probe
                // entirely when the cutoff is <24h.
                let supports_min_release_age =
                    seconds >= 86400 && self.npm_supports_min_release_age_flag(config).await;
                Self::build_npm_release_age_args(before_date, seconds, supports_min_release_age)
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Bun => Self::build_bun_release_age_args(seconds),
            NpmPackageManager::Pnpm => Self::build_pnpm_release_age_args(seconds),
        }
    }

    fn build_npm_release_age_args(
        before_date: Timestamp,
        seconds: u64,
        supports_min_release_age: bool,
    ) -> Vec<OsString> {
        // Both older npm (no --min-release-age) and sub-day windows
        // (--min-release-age is day-granular) fall back to --before.
        if !supports_min_release_age || seconds < 86400 {
            return vec!["--before".into(), before_date.to_string().into()];
        }
        // Apply the drift tolerance only for the day-based conversion;
        // bun/pnpm emit the cutoff in finer units so drift is harmless there.
        let days = seconds
            .saturating_sub(BEFORE_DATE_TOLERANCE_SECS)
            .div_ceil(86400)
            .max(1);
        vec![format!("--min-release-age={days}").into()]
    }

    fn build_bun_release_age_args(seconds: u64) -> Vec<OsString> {
        vec!["--minimum-release-age".into(), seconds.to_string().into()]
    }

    fn build_pnpm_release_age_args(seconds: u64) -> Vec<OsString> {
        let minutes = seconds.div_ceil(60);
        vec![format!("--config.minimumReleaseAge={minutes}").into()]
    }

    async fn warn_if_package_manager_may_not_support_release_age(
        &self,
        ctx: &InstallContext,
        package_manager: NpmPackageManager,
    ) {
        let Some((tool, required_version, flag)) =
            Self::release_age_package_manager_requirement(package_manager)
        else {
            return;
        };

        let version = match Self::toolset_package_manager_version(&ctx.ts, tool) {
            Some(version) => Some(version),
            None => match self.dependency_toolset(&ctx.config).await {
                Ok(ts) => Self::toolset_package_manager_version(&ts, tool),
                Err(_) => None,
            },
        };

        let Some(version) = version else {
            return;
        };

        if semver_is_older_than(&version, required_version).unwrap_or(false) {
            warn!(
                "minimum_release_age is set for npm:{} but {}@{} is older than the documented minimum {}@{} required for {}. Older versions may fail while processing the forwarded argument. See https://mise.en.dev/dev-tools/backends/npm.html",
                self.tool_name(),
                tool,
                version,
                tool,
                required_version,
                flag
            );
        }
    }

    fn release_age_package_manager_requirement(
        package_manager: NpmPackageManager,
    ) -> Option<(&'static str, &'static str, &'static str)> {
        match package_manager {
            NpmPackageManager::Auto => None,
            NpmPackageManager::Aube => None,
            NpmPackageManager::Npm => None,
            NpmPackageManager::Bun => {
                Some(("bun", BUN_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION, "--minimum-release-age"))
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Pnpm => Some((
                "pnpm",
                PNPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION,
                "--config.minimumReleaseAge",
            )),
        }
    }

    fn toolset_package_manager_version(ts: &Toolset, tool: &str) -> Option<String> {
        let tvl = ts
            .versions
            .iter()
            .find(|(ba, _)| ba.short == tool)
            .map(|(_, tvl)| tvl)?;

        if let Some(tv) = tvl
            .versions
            .iter()
            .find(|tv| semver_triplet(&tv.version).is_some())
        {
            return Some(tv.version.clone());
        }

        tvl.requests
            .iter()
            .map(|tr| tr.version())
            .find(|version| semver_triplet(version).is_some())
    }

    /// Detect whether the locally installed npm supports --min-release-age.
    /// When npm is explicitly managed by mise, the version is read from the
    /// dependency ToolSet without spawning a subprocess. Otherwise falls back
    /// to `npm --version`. Returns false on any failure so callers
    /// transparently fall back to the older --before flag.
    async fn npm_supports_min_release_age_flag(&self, config: &Arc<Config>) -> bool {
        // When npm is explicitly managed by mise (e.g. `mise use npm@11.10.0`),
        // pull the resolved version from the dependency ToolSet and skip the
        // subprocess entirely.
        if let Ok(ts) = self.dependency_toolset(config).await {
            for (ba, tvl) in &ts.versions {
                if ba.short == "npm"
                    && let Some(tv) = tvl.versions.first()
                {
                    debug!(
                        "npm version detection: found npm {} in ToolSet, skipping subprocess",
                        tv.version
                    );
                    return semver_is_at_least(&tv.version, NPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION)
                        .unwrap_or(false);
                }
            }
        }

        // Fallback for node-bundled npm: run `npm --version`
        let env = match self.dependency_env(config).await {
            Ok(env) => env,
            Err(e) => {
                debug!(
                    "npm version detection: dependency_env failed, using --before fallback: {e:#}"
                );
                return false;
            }
        };
        let output = match cmd!(NPM_PROGRAM, "--version")
            .full_env(env)
            .env("NPM_CONFIG_UPDATE_NOTIFIER", "false")
            .read()
        {
            Ok(s) => s,
            Err(e) => {
                debug!(
                    "npm version detection: `npm --version` failed, using --before fallback: {e:#}"
                );
                return false;
            }
        };
        semver_is_at_least(&output, NPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION).unwrap_or(false)
    }

    /// Check dependencies for version checking (always needs npm)
    async fn ensure_npm_for_version_check(&self, config: &Arc<Config>) {
        // We always need npm for querying package versions
        // TODO: Once bun supports querying packages without package.json, this can be updated
        self.warn_if_dependency_missing(
            config,
            "npm", // Use "npm" for dependency check, which will check npm.cmd on Windows
            &["node", "npm"],
            "To use npm packages with mise, you need to install Node.js first:\n\
              mise use node@latest\n\n\
            Note: npm is required for querying package information, even when using aube, bun, or pnpm for installation.",
        )
        .await
    }

    /// Check dependencies for package installation (npm or bun based on settings)
    async fn check_install_deps(
        &self,
        config: &Arc<Config>,
        package_manager: NpmPackageManager,
        ts: Option<&Toolset>,
    ) {
        match package_manager {
            NpmPackageManager::Aube => {
                if let Some(ts) = ts
                    && ts.which_bin(config, AUBE_PROGRAM).await.is_some()
                {
                    return;
                }
                self.warn_if_dependency_missing(
                    config,
                    "aube",
                    &["aube"],
                    "To use npm packages with aube, you need to install aube first:\n\
                          mise use aube@latest\n\n\
                        Or switch back to npm by setting:\n\
                          mise settings npm.package_manager=npm",
                )
                .await
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Bun => {
                self.warn_if_dependency_missing(
                    config,
                    "bun",
                    &["bun"],
                    "To use npm packages with bun, you need to install bun first:\n\
                      mise use bun@latest\n\n\
                    Or switch back to npm by setting:\n\
                      mise settings npm.package_manager=npm",
                )
                .await
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Pnpm => {
                self.warn_if_dependency_missing(
                    config,
                    "pnpm",
                    &["pnpm"],
                    "To use npm packages with pnpm, you need to install pnpm first:\n\
                      mise use pnpm@latest\n\n\
                    Or switch back to npm by setting:\n\
                      mise settings npm.package_manager=npm",
                )
                .await
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Auto => {
                unreachable!("auto package manager should be resolved before dependency checks")
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Npm => {
                self.warn_if_dependency_missing(
                    config,
                    "npm",
                    &["node", "npm"],
                    "To use npm packages with mise, you need to install Node.js first:\n\
                      mise use node@latest\n\n\
                    Alternatively, install aube to use it automatically, or set:\n\
                      mise settings npm.package_manager=aube",
                )
                .await
            }
        }
    }

    async fn package_manager_for_install(
        &self,
        config: &Arc<Config>,
        ts: Option<&Toolset>,
    ) -> NpmPackageManager {
        let settings = Settings::get();
        match settings.npm.package_manager {
            NpmPackageManager::Auto if self.aube_is_installed(config, ts).await => {
                NpmPackageManager::Aube
            }
            NpmPackageManager::Auto => NpmPackageManager::Npm,
            package_manager => package_manager,
        }
    }

    async fn aube_is_installed(&self, config: &Arc<Config>, ts: Option<&Toolset>) -> bool {
        self.aube_path_for_install(config, ts).await.is_some()
    }

    async fn aube_path_for_install(
        &self,
        config: &Arc<Config>,
        ts: Option<&Toolset>,
    ) -> Option<std::path::PathBuf> {
        if let Some(ts) = ts
            && let Some(bin) = ts.which_bin(config, AUBE_PROGRAM).await
        {
            return Some(bin);
        }
        self.dependency_which(config, AUBE_PROGRAM).await
    }

    fn write_aube_npmrc(&self, install_path: &Path, before_date: Option<Timestamp>) -> Result<()> {
        let bin_dir = install_path.join("bin");
        crate::file::create_dir_all(install_path)?;
        crate::file::create_dir_all(&bin_dir)?;
        let mut npmrc = format!(
            "globalDir={}\nglobalBinDir={}\n",
            Self::npmrc_path_value(install_path),
            Self::npmrc_path_value(&bin_dir)
        );
        if let Some(before_date) = before_date {
            let minutes = Self::build_aube_minimum_release_age(elapsed_seconds_ceil(
                before_date,
                process_now(),
            ));
            // aube documents minimumReleaseAge in minutes, matching pnpm's setting.
            npmrc.push_str(&format!("minimumReleaseAge={minutes}\n"));
        }
        crate::file::write(install_path.join(".npmrc"), npmrc)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn npmrc_path_value(path: &Path) -> String {
        path.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/")
    }

    fn build_aube_minimum_release_age(seconds: u64) -> u64 {
        seconds.div_ceil(60)
    }

    #[cfg(any(windows, test))]
    fn windows_bin_paths_for_install_path(install_path: &Path) -> Vec<std::path::PathBuf> {
        let bin_dir = install_path.join("bin");
        if bin_dir.exists() {
            vec![bin_dir]
        } else {
            vec![install_path.to_path_buf()]
        }
    }
}

/// Returns true if `version` is a semver pre-release.
///
/// npm enforces strict semver (rule 9): any hyphen-introduced identifier after
/// the version core is a pre-release (`1.0.0-rc.1`, `0.42.0-nightly...`,
/// `2.0.0-canary.1`, `3.0.0-foo`). Build metadata (`+...`) is stripped first so
/// stable builds like `1.0.0+sha.abc` are not misclassified.
///
/// Stricter than the generic `VERSION_REGEX` channel-tag list — for npm it
/// catches any pre-release tag the maintainer chooses, not just the well-known
/// names mise happens to recognize.
fn is_semver_prerelease(version: &str) -> bool {
    let core_and_pre = version.split_once('+').map_or(version, |(v, _)| v);
    core_and_pre.contains('-')
}

/// Returns install-time-only option keys for NPM backend.
pub fn install_time_option_keys() -> Vec<String> {
    vec![
        "npm_args".into(),
        "pnpm_args".into(),
        "bun_args".into(),
        "aube_args".into(),
    ]
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::cli::args::{BackendArg, BackendResolution};
    use crate::toolset::{ToolRequest, ToolSource, ToolVersionList, ToolVersionOptions};
    use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
    use std::sync::Arc;

    fn create_npm_backend(tool: &str) -> NPMBackend {
        let ba = BackendArg::new_raw(
            "npm".to_string(),
            Some(tool.to_string()),
            tool.to_string(),
            None,
            BackendResolution::new(true),
        );
        NPMBackend::from_arg(ba)
    }

    fn create_test_backend_arg(tool: &str) -> Arc<BackendArg> {
        Arc::new(BackendArg::new_raw(
            tool.to_string(),
            None,
            tool.to_string(),
            None,
            BackendResolution::new(true),
        ))
    }

    fn create_test_tool_request(ba: Arc<BackendArg>, version: &str) -> ToolRequest {
        ToolRequest::Version {
            backend: ba,
            version: version.to_string(),
            options: ToolVersionOptions::default(),
            source: ToolSource::Argument,
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_dependencies_for_npm_itself() {
        // When the tool is npm itself (npm:npm) with default settings (npm as package manager),
        // it should only depend on node. With bun/pnpm configured, it would include those too.
        let backend = create_npm_backend("npm");
        let deps = backend.get_dependencies().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(deps, vec!["node"]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_dependencies_default_package_manager() {
        // With default settings (npm), packages should depend on node + npm
        let backend = create_npm_backend("prettier");
        let deps = backend.get_dependencies().unwrap();
        assert!(deps.contains(&"node"));
        assert!(deps.contains(&"npm"));
        assert!(!deps.contains(&"bun"));
        assert!(!deps.contains(&"pnpm"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_npm_release_age_args_legacy() {
        let before_date: Timestamp = "2024-01-02T03:04:05Z".parse().unwrap();
        let args = NPMBackend::build_npm_release_age_args(before_date, 86400, false);
        assert_eq!(
            args,
            vec![
                OsString::from("--before"),
                OsString::from("2024-01-02T03:04:05Z")
            ]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_npm_release_age_args_sub_day_uses_before() {
        let before_date: Timestamp = "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap();
        let args = NPMBackend::build_npm_release_age_args(before_date, 1, true);
        assert_eq!(
            args,
            vec![
                OsString::from("--before"),
                OsString::from("2024-01-01T00:00:00Z")
            ]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_npm_release_age_args_full_days() {
        let before_date: Timestamp = "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap();
        let args = NPMBackend::build_npm_release_age_args(before_date, 86400 * 3, true);
        assert_eq!(args, vec![OsString::from("--min-release-age=3")]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_npm_release_age_args_tolerates_drift() {
        // Regression test for #9156: "3d" re-converted after ~30s of drift
        // must not round up to 4 days.
        let before_date: Timestamp = "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap();
        let args = NPMBackend::build_npm_release_age_args(before_date, 86400 * 3 + 30, true);
        assert_eq!(args, vec![OsString::from("--min-release-age=3")]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_npm_release_age_args_past_tolerance_rounds_up() {
        // Drift larger than BEFORE_DATE_TOLERANCE_SECS still rounds up so
        // cutoffs remain at least as strict as requested.
        let before_date: Timestamp = "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap();
        let args = NPMBackend::build_npm_release_age_args(before_date, 86400 * 3 + 120, true);
        assert_eq!(args, vec![OsString::from("--min-release-age=4")]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_npm_release_age_args_one_day_boundary() {
        // Small drift at the 1-day boundary must stay at --min-release-age=1
        // instead of falling through to --before.
        let before_date: Timestamp = "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap();
        let args = NPMBackend::build_npm_release_age_args(before_date, 86400 + 5, true);
        assert_eq!(args, vec![OsString::from("--min-release-age=1")]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_bun_release_age_args() {
        let args = NPMBackend::build_bun_release_age_args(1);
        assert_eq!(
            args,
            vec![OsString::from("--minimum-release-age"), OsString::from("1")]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_pnpm_release_age_args_rounds_up_to_minutes() {
        let args = NPMBackend::build_pnpm_release_age_args(1);
        assert_eq!(args, vec![OsString::from("--config.minimumReleaseAge=1")]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_aube_minimum_release_age_rounds_up_to_minutes() {
        assert_eq!(NPMBackend::build_aube_minimum_release_age(1), 1);
        assert_eq!(NPMBackend::build_aube_minimum_release_age(60), 1);
        assert_eq!(NPMBackend::build_aube_minimum_release_age(61), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_npmrc_path_value_uses_forward_slashes() {
        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::npmrc_path_value(Path::new(r"C:\Users\me\mise\npm-cowsay\1.6.0")),
            "C:/Users/me/mise/npm-cowsay/1.6.0"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_windows_bin_paths_prefers_created_bin_dir() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let install_path = tmp.path().join("npm-cowsay").join("1.6.0");
        std::fs::create_dir_all(install_path.join("bin")).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::windows_bin_paths_for_install_path(&install_path),
            vec![install_path.join("bin")]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_windows_bin_paths_falls_back_to_install_path() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let install_path = tmp.path().join("npm-cowsay").join("1.6.0");

        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::windows_bin_paths_for_install_path(&install_path),
            vec![install_path]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_release_age_package_manager_requirements() {
        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::release_age_package_manager_requirement(NpmPackageManager::Auto),
            None
        );
        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::release_age_package_manager_requirement(NpmPackageManager::Aube),
            None
        );
        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::release_age_package_manager_requirement(NpmPackageManager::Npm),
            None
        );
        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::release_age_package_manager_requirement(NpmPackageManager::Bun),
            Some(("bun", BUN_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION, "--minimum-release-age"))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::release_age_package_manager_requirement(NpmPackageManager::Pnpm),
            Some((
                "pnpm",
                PNPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION,
                "--config.minimumReleaseAge"
            ))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_npm_min_release_age_version_requirement() {
        assert_eq!(NPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION, "11.10.0");
        assert_eq!(
            crate::semver::semver_is_at_least("11.10.0", NPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION),
            Some(true)
        );
        assert_eq!(
            crate::semver::semver_is_at_least("11.9.9", NPM_MIN_RELEASE_AGE_VERSION),
            Some(false)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_toolset_package_manager_version_prefers_resolved_version() {
        let ba = create_test_backend_arg("bun");
        let request = create_test_tool_request(ba.clone(), "1.2.0");
        let mut tvl = ToolVersionList::new(ba.clone(), ToolSource::Argument);
        tvl.requests.push(request.clone());
        tvl.versions
            .push(ToolVersion::new(request, "1.3.0".to_string()));

        let mut ts = Toolset::default();
        ts.versions.insert(ba, tvl);

        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::toolset_package_manager_version(&ts, "bun"),
            Some("1.3.0".to_string())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_toolset_package_manager_version_uses_exact_request() {
        let ba = create_test_backend_arg("pnpm");
        let request = create_test_tool_request(ba.clone(), "10.15.0");
        let mut tvl = ToolVersionList::new(ba.clone(), ToolSource::Argument);
        tvl.requests.push(request);

        let mut ts = Toolset::default();
        ts.versions.insert(ba, tvl);

        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::toolset_package_manager_version(&ts, "pnpm"),
            Some("10.15.0".to_string())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_toolset_package_manager_version_ignores_unresolved_request() {
        let ba = create_test_backend_arg("pnpm");
        let request = create_test_tool_request(ba.clone(), "10");
        let mut tvl = ToolVersionList::new(ba.clone(), ToolSource::Argument);
        tvl.requests.push(request);

        let mut ts = Toolset::default();
        ts.versions.insert(ba, tvl);

        assert_eq!(
            NPMBackend::toolset_package_manager_version(&ts, "pnpm"),
            None
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_resolve_lockfile_options_includes_install_args_only() {
        let backend = create_npm_backend("react-devtools");
        let mut options = ToolVersionOptions::default();
        options.opts.insert(
            "npm_args".to_string(),
            toml::Value::String("--ignore-scripts=false".into()),
        );
        options.opts.insert(
            "bun_args".to_string(),
            toml::Value::String("--allow-same-version".into()),
        );
        options.opts.insert(
            "aube_args".to_string(),
            toml::Value::String("--loglevel=warn".into()),
        );
        options.install_env.insert(
            "NPM_CONFIG_REGISTRY".to_string(),
            "https://registry.example.com".to_string(),
        );

        let request =
            ToolRequest::new_opts(backend.ba().clone(), "latest", options, ToolSource::Unknown)
                .unwrap();
        let resolved = backend.resolve_lockfile_options(&request, &PlatformTarget::from_current());
        assert_eq!(
            resolved.get("npm_args"),
            Some(&"--ignore-scripts=false".to_string())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            resolved.get("bun_args"),
            Some(&"--allow-same-version".to_string())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            resolved.get("aube_args"),
            Some(&"--loglevel=warn".to_string())
        );
        assert!(!resolved.contains_key("install_env.NPM_CONFIG_REGISTRY"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_is_semver_prerelease_flags_hyphen_suffix() {
        // Per semver rule 9, any hyphen-introduced identifier is a pre-release.
        // Covers GitHub discussion #9503 (-nightly slipping past channel-name regex).
        assert!(is_semver_prerelease("0.42.0-nightly.20260429.g6d9911393"));
        assert!(is_semver_prerelease("1.0.0-rc.1"));
        assert!(is_semver_prerelease("2.0.0-canary"));
        assert!(is_semver_prerelease("3.0.0-foo"));
        // Maintainer-invented tag mise's regex doesn't know about — still flagged.
        assert!(is_semver_prerelease("4.0.0-internal-build-7"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_is_semver_prerelease_keeps_stable_versions() {
        assert!(!is_semver_prerelease("1.0.0"));
        assert!(!is_semver_prerelease("0.40.1"));
        assert!(!is_semver_prerelease("v22.6.0"));
        // Build metadata alone is not a pre-release.
        assert!(!is_semver_prerelease("1.0.0+sha.abc1234"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_is_semver_prerelease_strips_build_metadata_first() {
        // `+build` after a `-pre` tag must still flag as pre-release.
        assert!(is_semver_prerelease("1.0.0-rc.1+build.5"));
        // Hyphen only inside build metadata (not legal semver, but be defensive)
        // — we treat it as stable since the version core has no pre-release.
        assert!(!is_semver_prerelease("1.0.0+build-5"));
    }
}