microvms-app 1.0.1

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
//! File and tar transfer. Four routes, opaque bodies, one query type.
//!
//! There are no request or response *bodies* to model here — a file's contents and an
//! uncompressed tar are byte streams — so [`protocol::fs::FsQuery`] is the entire typed
//! surface, and its failures answer `text/plain` rather than the JSON error body.
//!
//! Two things the daemon's contract makes non-obvious, both of which this module has to
//! preserve rather than improve on:
//!
//! * `mode` is octal **as a string**. `"644"` and `"0644"` mean the same mode, and an
//!   integer would be read as decimal 644 by anything that stringifies it.
//! * A missing `path` key is 400, and a directory where a file was asked for is 400.
//!   Only a genuinely absent path is 404. That distinction is why
//!   [`file_exists`] can be written at all: it keys on 404 and lets every other refusal
//!   through, so a typo in the query does not read as a missing artifact.

use crate::error::{Error, WireKind};

use super::{HttpRequest, Transport};

/// Percent-encodes a query value: everything outside RFC 3986's unreserved set.
///
/// Stricter than a query strictly needs and never wrong — a path with a space, a `#`,
/// or a `&` in it is the case that silently truncates a query otherwise. The daemon
/// decodes with the same grammar. `NON_ALPHANUMERIC` minus the four unreserved marks
/// is exactly "escape everything but unreserved".
fn encode(value: &str) -> String {
    use percent_encoding::{AsciiSet, NON_ALPHANUMERIC, utf8_percent_encode};
    const ESCAPED: &AsciiSet = &NON_ALPHANUMERIC
        .remove(b'-')
        .remove(b'_')
        .remove(b'.')
        .remove(b'~');
    utf8_percent_encode(value, ESCAPED).to_string()
}

/// `/v1/fs/file` with a path and an optional mode.
fn file_path(path: &str, mode: Option<&str>) -> String {
    match mode {
        Some(mode) => format!("/v1/fs/file?path={}&mode={}", encode(path), encode(mode)),
        None => format!("/v1/fs/file?path={}", encode(path)),
    }
}

/// `GET /v1/fs/file` for `query`: the path, then each line bound that's set, and nothing else,
/// so a read with no range is [`file_path`]'s URL byte for byte.
fn file_read_path(query: &protocol::fs::FileReadQuery) -> String {
    let mut url = file_path(&query.path, None);
    if let Some(start) = query.start_line {
        url.push_str(&format!("&start_line={start}"));
    }
    if let Some(end) = query.end_line {
        url.push_str(&format!("&end_line={end}"));
    }
    url
}

/// `/v1/fs/tar` with a path.
fn tar_path(path: &str) -> String {
    format!("/v1/fs/tar?path={}", encode(path))
}

/// Writes one file, creating parents. `mode` is octal as a string.
pub(crate) async fn upload_file(
    transport: &Transport,
    path: &str,
    data: &[u8],
    mode: Option<&str>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let mut request = HttpRequest::new("PUT", file_path(path, mode));
    request
        .headers
        .push(("content-type".into(), "application/octet-stream".into()));
    request.body = data.to_vec();
    transport.send(request).await?;
    Ok(())
}

/// Reads one file.
pub(crate) async fn download_file(transport: &Transport, path: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
    let response = transport
        .send(HttpRequest::new("GET", file_path(path, None)))
        .await?;
    Ok(response.body)
}

/// Reads lines `start_line` through `end_line` of one file, 1-based and inclusive.
///
/// The daemon slices the file (`GET /v1/fs/file` has taken the two bounds since v0.1.0), so a
/// caller wanting lines 40 to 60 of a large log reads 21 lines rather than the whole file.
/// `start_line` absent is 1 and `end_line` absent is through EOF, and an `end_line` past the
/// last line reads through EOF. A range no file can satisfy (line 0, an end before the start)
/// is refused here with `ERR_INVALID_ARG` and the daemon's own wording, before any request:
/// the rule is `FileReadQuery::line_window`, which the daemon reads too.
pub(crate) async fn download_file_lines(
    transport: &Transport,
    path: &str,
    start_line: Option<u64>,
    end_line: Option<u64>,
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
    let query = protocol::fs::FileReadQuery {
        path: path.to_string(),
        start_line,
        end_line,
    };
    query.line_window().map_err(Error::invalid_arg)?;
    let response = transport
        .send(HttpRequest::new("GET", file_read_path(&query)))
        .await?;
    Ok(response.body)
}

/// Whether a path exists.
///
/// Only a 404 answers `false`. Every other refusal propagates, because a 400 from a
/// malformed query is not the same fact as an absent file and returning `false` for it
/// would report a client bug as a missing artifact.
pub(crate) async fn file_exists(transport: &Transport, path: &str) -> Result<bool, Error> {
    match download_file(transport, path).await {
        Ok(_) => Ok(true),
        Err(err) if err.wire_kind() == Some(WireKind::NotFound) => Ok(false),
        Err(err) => Err(err),
    }
}

/// Extracts pre-built tar bytes under `remote`, which must be absolute.
///
/// The archive is not inspected here. The daemon enforces the member rules — in-tree
/// symlinks survive, absolute link targets are refused with 400 — and a second check on
/// this side would be a second thing to keep in step with them, which is how the two
/// come to disagree.
pub(crate) async fn upload_tar(
    transport: &Transport,
    remote: &str,
    archive: &[u8],
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let mut request = HttpRequest::new("PUT", tar_path(remote));
    request
        .headers
        .push(("content-type".into(), "application/x-tar".into()));
    request.body = archive.to_vec();
    transport.send(request).await?;
    Ok(())
}

/// The raw tar bytes of a remote tree, for a caller doing its own unpacking.
///
/// Bytes rather than an extraction: the archive describes the VM's filesystem, and the VM is
/// where untrusted work runs, so trusting it on the way out would be the wrong direction of
/// trust. `Session::download_dir` (`crate::workspace`) is the extraction, and it writes only
/// the regular files a caller's globs select, never under `.git` and never outside the
/// destination.
pub(crate) async fn download_tar(transport: &Transport, remote: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
    let response = transport
        .send(HttpRequest::new("GET", tar_path(remote)))
        .await?;
    Ok(response.body)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::session::testing::{Recorder, Reply, session_with};
    use std::sync::Arc;

    /// A mode is a string on the wire, and it only appears when one was given.
    ///
    /// Sending a default `mode` would be worse than omitting it: the daemon's own
    /// default is what an unset mode means, and naming one here would silently change
    /// every uploaded file's permissions.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn an_upload_carries_its_octal_mode_as_a_string_only_when_given() {
        let recorder = Recorder::with([Reply::Body(200, Vec::new()), Reply::Body(200, Vec::new())]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(Arc::clone(&recorder));

        session
            .upload_file("/tmp/f", b"body", Some("0644"))
            .await
            .expect("uploads");
        let request = recorder.last();
        assert_eq!(request.method, "PUT");
        assert!(request.path.contains("mode=0644"), "{}", request.path);
        assert_eq!(request.body, b"body");

        session
            .upload_file("/tmp/g", b"", None)
            .await
            .expect("uploads");
        assert!(
            !recorder.last().path.contains("mode="),
            "an unset mode must not become a default one: {}",
            recorder.last().path
        );
    }

    /// A path with characters that would truncate a query is escaped.
    ///
    /// `&` is the one that matters: unescaped, `/tmp/a&b` makes `b` look like a second
    /// query parameter and the daemon writes to `/tmp/a`.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn a_path_with_query_metacharacters_is_percent_encoded() {
        let recorder = Recorder::with([Reply::Body(200, Vec::new())]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(Arc::clone(&recorder));

        session
            .upload_file("/tmp/a&b c#d", b"x", None)
            .await
            .expect("uploads");
        let path = recorder.last().path;
        assert_eq!(path, "/v1/fs/file?path=%2Ftmp%2Fa%26b%20c%23d");
        assert!(!path.contains("&b"), "the path truncated the query: {path}");
    }

    /// A download hands back the bytes untouched, including non-UTF-8 ones.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn a_download_returns_raw_bytes_including_invalid_utf8() {
        let bytes = vec![0xff, 0x00, 0xfe, b'a'];
        let recorder = Recorder::with([Reply::Body(200, bytes.clone())]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(Arc::clone(&recorder));

        let got = session.download_file("/tmp/bin").await.expect("downloads");
        assert_eq!(got, bytes);
        assert_eq!(recorder.last().method, "GET");
    }

    /// `file_exists` answers `false` only for a 404. A 400 is a client bug and must not
    /// be reported as an absent file — that conflation is how one defect hid for a full
    /// review round.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn file_exists_distinguishes_an_absent_path_from_a_malformed_request() {
        let recorder = Recorder::with([
            Reply::Body(200, b"content".to_vec()),
            Reply::Body(404, b"not found".to_vec()),
            Reply::Body(400, b"path is a directory".to_vec()),
        ]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(recorder);

        assert!(session.file_exists("/tmp/there").await.expect("exists"));
        assert!(!session.file_exists("/tmp/absent").await.expect("absent"));

        let err = session
            .file_exists("/tmp/dir")
            .await
            .expect_err("a 400 is not an absence");
        assert_eq!(err.wire_kind(), Some(WireKind::ProtocolError));
    }

    /// Tar transfer uses the tar route and carries the archive bytes unmodified.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn tar_transfer_uses_the_tar_route_and_does_not_touch_the_archive() {
        let archive = vec![b'u'; 1024];
        let recorder = Recorder::with([
            Reply::Body(200, Vec::new()),
            Reply::Body(200, archive.clone()),
        ]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(Arc::clone(&recorder));

        session
            .upload_tar("/workspace", &archive)
            .await
            .expect("uploads");
        let request = recorder.last();
        assert_eq!(request.path, "/v1/fs/tar?path=%2Fworkspace");
        assert_eq!(request.body, archive);

        let got = session.download_tar("/workspace").await.expect("downloads");
        assert_eq!(got, archive);
    }

    /// An over-cap upload is a typed 413 rather than a generic failure, so a caller can
    /// tell "too big" from "refused".
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn an_over_cap_upload_surfaces_as_too_large() {
        let recorder = Recorder::with([Reply::Body(413, b"body exceeds max_body_bytes".to_vec())]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(recorder);

        let err = session
            .upload_file("/tmp/huge", b"...", None)
            .await
            .expect_err("413");
        assert_eq!(err.wire_kind(), Some(WireKind::TooLarge));
    }

    /// The daemon's disk-pressure 507 on either upload route is `InsufficientStorage`,
    /// `ERR_PLATFORM` and not retryable (#256), with the daemon's byte counts in the
    /// message. The 5xx fallback made it a retryable `ServerError`, so a caller's retry
    /// loop repeated a write the full disk refuses the same way each time.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn a_disk_pressure_507_upload_is_insufficient_storage_and_not_retryable() {
        let body = b"refusing to write /workspace: 4096 bytes available on the target \
                     filesystem, below the 1048576 byte reserve";
        let recorder = Recorder::with([
            Reply::Body(507, body.to_vec()),
            Reply::Body(507, body.to_vec()),
        ]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(recorder);

        let file = session
            .upload_file("/workspace/big.bin", b"...", None)
            .await
            .expect_err("507");
        let tar = session
            .upload_tar("/workspace", b"...")
            .await
            .expect_err("507");
        for err in [file, tar] {
            assert_eq!(
                err.wire_kind(),
                Some(WireKind::InsufficientStorage),
                "{err}"
            );
            assert_eq!(err.code(), "ERR_PLATFORM", "{err}");
            assert!(!err.retryable(), "a full disk is not retryable: {err}");
            assert!(err.to_string().contains("4096 bytes available"), "{err}");
        }
    }

    /// **A line range reaches the daemon as `start_line` and `end_line` after the encoded
    /// path, and no range sends `download_file`'s URL (#265).**
    ///
    /// **Falsification**: leave `end_line` off the query and the ranged URL is short one key.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn a_line_range_is_sent_as_the_daemons_two_query_keys() {
        let recorder = Recorder::with([
            Reply::Body(200, b"two\nthree\nfour\n".to_vec()),
            Reply::Body(200, b"all".to_vec()),
            Reply::Body(200, b"all".to_vec()),
            Reply::Body(200, b"tail".to_vec()),
        ]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(Arc::clone(&recorder));

        let lines = session
            .download_file_lines("/tmp/a b", Some(2), Some(4))
            .await
            .expect("reads");
        assert_eq!(lines, b"two\nthree\nfour\n");
        assert_eq!(
            recorder.last().path,
            "/v1/fs/file?path=%2Ftmp%2Fa%20b&start_line=2&end_line=4"
        );

        session
            .download_file_lines("/tmp/a b", None, None)
            .await
            .expect("reads");
        let unranged = recorder.last().path;
        session.download_file("/tmp/a b").await.expect("reads");
        assert_eq!(
            unranged,
            recorder.last().path,
            "no range is today's request"
        );

        session
            .download_file_lines("/tmp/f", Some(40), None)
            .await
            .expect("reads");
        assert_eq!(
            recorder.last().path,
            "/v1/fs/file?path=%2Ftmp%2Ff&start_line=40"
        );
    }

    /// Line 0 and an inverted range are refused before any request, with the daemon's words.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn a_range_no_file_can_satisfy_is_refused_before_any_request() {
        let recorder = Recorder::with([]);
        let (session, _, _) = session_with(Arc::clone(&recorder));

        for (start, end, wording) in [
            (Some(0), Some(3), "start_line is 1-based"),
            (Some(5), Some(2), "end_line 2 is before start_line 5"),
        ] {
            let err = session
                .download_file_lines("/tmp/f", start, end)
                .await
                .expect_err("refused");
            assert_eq!(err.code(), "ERR_INVALID_ARG", "{err}");
            assert_eq!(err.wire_kind(), None, "nothing reached the daemon: {err}");
            assert!(err.to_string().contains(wording), "{err}");
        }
        assert!(
            recorder.requests().is_empty(),
            "a refused range cost a request"
        );
    }

    /// The encoder leaves unreserved characters alone, so an ordinary path stays
    /// readable in a log.
    #[test]
    fn unreserved_characters_pass_through_the_encoder() {
        assert_eq!(encode("abcXYZ019-_.~"), "abcXYZ019-_.~");
        assert_eq!(encode("/"), "%2F");
    }
}