metamorphic-log 0.1.1

//! C2SP [`tlog-checkpoint`] signed tree heads (over the [`crate::note`]
//! substrate).
//!
//! A *checkpoint* is a [signed note](crate::note) whose text is a precisely
//! formatted Merkle tree head. The note text is at least three newline-separated
//! lines:
//!
//! ```text
//! <origin>\n          (1) unique log identity, non-empty
//! <tree size>\n       (2) ASCII decimal leaf count, no leading zeroes
//! <base64 root hash>\n (3) base64 of the RFC 6962 root at that size
//! [<extension line>\n] (4) optional, opaque, non-empty (NOT RECOMMENDED)
//! ```
//!
//! This module parses/serializes that body byte-for-byte and wires it to the
//! Slice-1 proof verifier: a consistency walk between two checkpoints uses
//! [`crate::proof::verify_consistency`], and an inclusion check against a
//! checkpoint uses [`crate::proof::verify_inclusion`]. Checkpoints are designed
//! for external witness co-signing from day one — verification of the signature
//! lines is handled by [`crate::note::SignedNote::verify`]. A checkpoint can
//! carry **both** a classical Ed25519 line (so the C2SP witness network can
//! recompute and co-sign) **and** an additive hybrid post-quantum composite line
//! (so our own verifiers/monitors get PQ authenticity); a verifier accepts any
//! mix of trusted [`crate::note::VerifierKey`] types.
//!
//! [`tlog-checkpoint`]: https://c2sp.org/tlog-checkpoint

use crate::encoding::{base64_decode, base64_encode};
use crate::error::{Error, Result};
use crate::merkle::{HASH_LEN, Hash};
use crate::note::{SignedNote, VerifierKey};
use crate::proof;

/// A parsed checkpoint (signed-tree-head body).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Checkpoint {
    origin: String,
    size: u64,
    root_hash: Hash,
    extensions: Vec<String>,
}

impl Checkpoint {
    /// Build a checkpoint with no extension lines.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns [`Error::MalformedCheckpoint`] if `origin` is empty or contains a
    /// newline.
    pub fn new(origin: &str, size: u64, root_hash: Hash) -> Result<Self> {
        Self::with_extensions(origin, size, root_hash, Vec::new())
    }

    /// Build a checkpoint with explicit extension lines.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns [`Error::MalformedCheckpoint`] if `origin` is empty/contains a
    /// newline, or any extension line is empty or contains a newline.
    pub fn with_extensions(
        origin: &str,
        size: u64,
        root_hash: Hash,
        extensions: Vec<String>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        if origin.is_empty() || origin.contains('\n') {
            return Err(Error::MalformedCheckpoint(
                "origin must be non-empty and contain no newline".into(),
            ));
        }
        for ext in &extensions {
            if ext.is_empty() || ext.contains('\n') {
                return Err(Error::MalformedCheckpoint(
                    "extension lines must be non-empty and contain no newline".into(),
                ));
            }
        }
        Ok(Self {
            origin: origin.to_string(),
            size,
            root_hash,
            extensions,
        })
    }

    /// The log origin (identity) line.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn origin(&self) -> &str {
        &self.origin
    }

    /// The tree size (number of leaves).
    #[must_use]
    pub fn size(&self) -> u64 {
        self.size
    }

    /// The RFC 6962 root hash at this tree size.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn root_hash(&self) -> &Hash {
        &self.root_hash
    }

    /// The opaque extension lines (usually empty).
    #[must_use]
    pub fn extensions(&self) -> &[String] {
        &self.extensions
    }

    /// Parse a checkpoint body (the note text), byte-for-byte per the spec.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns [`Error::MalformedCheckpoint`] for a missing/empty origin, a
    /// non-decimal or leading-zero size, a root hash that is not exactly 32
    /// bytes once base64-decoded, fewer than three lines, or an empty extension
    /// line.
    pub fn parse(text: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        let mut lines = text.lines();
        let origin = lines
            .next()
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::MalformedCheckpoint("missing origin line".into()))?;
        let size_str = lines
            .next()
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::MalformedCheckpoint("missing tree-size line".into()))?;
        let root_b64 = lines
            .next()
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::MalformedCheckpoint("missing root-hash line".into()))?;

        if origin.is_empty() {
            return Err(Error::MalformedCheckpoint("empty origin line".into()));
        }

        // Tree size: ASCII decimal, no leading zeroes (unless exactly "0").
        if size_str.is_empty() || !size_str.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_digit()) {
            return Err(Error::MalformedCheckpoint(format!(
                "tree size is not decimal: {size_str:?}"
            )));
        }
        if size_str.len() > 1 && size_str.starts_with('0') {
            return Err(Error::MalformedCheckpoint(format!(
                "tree size has a leading zero: {size_str:?}"
            )));
        }
        let size: u64 = size_str
            .parse()
            .map_err(|_| Error::MalformedCheckpoint(format!("tree size overflow: {size_str:?}")))?;

        let root_bytes = base64_decode(root_b64).map_err(|_| {
            Error::MalformedCheckpoint(format!("root hash is not valid base64: {root_b64:?}"))
        })?;
        let root_hash: Hash = root_bytes.as_slice().try_into().map_err(|_| {
            Error::MalformedCheckpoint(format!(
                "root hash is {} bytes, want {HASH_LEN}",
                root_bytes.len()
            ))
        })?;

        let mut extensions = Vec::new();
        for ext in lines {
            if ext.is_empty() {
                return Err(Error::MalformedCheckpoint("empty extension line".into()));
            }
            extensions.push(ext.to_string());
        }

        Ok(Self {
            origin: origin.to_string(),
            size,
            root_hash,
            extensions,
        })
    }

    /// Serialize the checkpoint body (the note text), ending in a newline.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn marshal(&self) -> String {
        let mut out = String::new();
        out.push_str(&self.origin);
        out.push('\n');
        out.push_str(&self.size.to_string());
        out.push('\n');
        out.push_str(&base64_encode(&self.root_hash));
        out.push('\n');
        for ext in &self.extensions {
            out.push_str(ext);
            out.push('\n');
        }
        out
    }

    /// Parse and verify a full signed checkpoint, returning the checkpoint body.
    ///
    /// The `msg` is the complete signed note (body + blank line + signature
    /// lines). It is verified against `trusted` (at least one trusted signature
    /// — e.g. the log's Ed25519 key, or a witness co-signature — must verify),
    /// then its body is parsed as a checkpoint.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Propagates [`crate::note::SignedNote::parse`] / `verify` errors and
    /// [`Checkpoint::parse`] errors.
    pub fn from_signed_note(msg: &str, trusted: &[VerifierKey]) -> Result<Self> {
        let note = SignedNote::parse(msg)?;
        note.verify(trusted)?;
        Self::parse(note.text())
    }

    /// Verify that `leaf_hash` is included at `leaf_index` in the tree committed
    /// by this checkpoint, using the Slice-1 RFC 6962/9162 verifier.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Propagates [`crate::proof::verify_inclusion`] errors (index out of range,
    /// wrong proof size, hash-length, or root mismatch).
    pub fn verify_inclusion(
        &self,
        leaf_index: u64,
        leaf_hash: &[u8],
        proof: &[Vec<u8>],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        proof::verify_inclusion(leaf_index, self.size, leaf_hash, proof, &self.root_hash)
    }

    /// Verify that this (older) checkpoint is consistent with a `newer` one —
    /// i.e. the newer tree is an append-only extension — using the Slice-1
    /// RFC 6962/9162 consistency verifier. This is the anti-equivocation walk a
    /// monitor performs across checkpoints.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Propagates [`crate::proof::verify_consistency`] errors, including a root
    /// mismatch if the proof does not bind both tree heads.
    pub fn verify_consistency(&self, newer: &Checkpoint, proof: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Result<()> {
        proof::verify_consistency(
            self.size,
            newer.size,
            proof,
            &self.root_hash,
            &newer.root_hash,
        )
    }
}

#[cfg(all(test, not(target_arch = "wasm32")))]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::merkle::MerkleTree;
    use crate::note::{sign_ed25519, sign_hybrid};

    /// The canonical checkpoint body from the tlog-checkpoint spec.
    const SPEC_BODY: &str =
        "example.com/behind-the-sofa\n20852163\nCsUYapGGPo4dkMgIAUqom/Xajj7h2fB2MPA3j2jxq2I=\n";

    #[test]
    fn parses_spec_checkpoint_body() {
        let cp = Checkpoint::parse(SPEC_BODY).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(cp.origin(), "example.com/behind-the-sofa");
        assert_eq!(cp.size(), 20_852_163);
        assert_eq!(cp.extensions().len(), 0);
        // Round-trips byte-for-byte.
        assert_eq!(cp.marshal(), SPEC_BODY);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_malformed_bodies() {
        assert!(Checkpoint::parse("origin\n").is_err()); // too few lines
        assert!(Checkpoint::parse("origin\n01\nAAAA\n").is_err()); // leading zero size
        assert!(Checkpoint::parse("origin\nxx\nAAAA\n").is_err()); // non-decimal size
        // Root hash wrong length (4 bytes, not 32).
        assert!(Checkpoint::parse("origin\n5\nAAAAAA==\n").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn extension_lines_round_trip() {
        let root = [7u8; HASH_LEN];
        let cp = Checkpoint::with_extensions(
            "example.com/log",
            42,
            root,
            vec!["ext one".into(), "ext two".into()],
        )
        .unwrap();
        let body = cp.marshal();
        assert_eq!(Checkpoint::parse(&body).unwrap(), cp);
    }

    #[test]
    fn signed_checkpoint_round_trip_and_verify() {
        let mut tree = MerkleTree::new();
        for i in 0u32..10 {
            tree.push(&i.to_be_bytes());
        }
        let cp = Checkpoint::new("origin.example/log", tree.size(), tree.root()).unwrap();

        let (seed, pk) = metamorphic_crypto::ed25519_generate_keypair();
        let sig = sign_ed25519(&cp.marshal(), "origin.example/log", &seed).unwrap();
        let note = SignedNote::new(cp.marshal(), vec![sig]).unwrap();

        let vkey = VerifierKey::new_ed25519("origin.example/log", &pk).unwrap();
        let parsed = Checkpoint::from_signed_note(&note.marshal(), &[vkey]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(parsed, cp);
    }

    #[test]
    fn checkpoint_wires_inclusion_and_consistency() {
        let mut tree = MerkleTree::new();
        for i in 0u32..8 {
            tree.push(&i.to_be_bytes());
        }
        let older = Checkpoint::new("o", tree.size(), tree.root()).unwrap();

        // Inclusion of leaf 3 against the size-8 checkpoint.
        let proof: Vec<Vec<u8>> = tree
            .inclusion_proof(3, 8)
            .into_iter()
            .map(|h| h.to_vec())
            .collect();
        let leaf = tree.leaf_hash(3).unwrap();
        older.verify_inclusion(3, &leaf, &proof).unwrap();

        // Grow the tree and check consistency older -> newer.
        for i in 8u32..16 {
            tree.push(&i.to_be_bytes());
        }
        let newer = Checkpoint::new("o", tree.size(), tree.root()).unwrap();
        let cproof: Vec<Vec<u8>> = tree
            .consistency_proof(8, 16)
            .into_iter()
            .map(|h| h.to_vec())
            .collect();
        older.verify_consistency(&newer, &cproof).unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    fn checkpoint_co_signed_classical_and_pq() {
        let mut tree = MerkleTree::new();
        for i in 0u32..10 {
            tree.push(&i.to_be_bytes());
        }
        let cp = Checkpoint::new("origin.example/log", tree.size(), tree.root()).unwrap();
        let body = cp.marshal();

        // The log signs the SAME checkpoint body with a classical Ed25519 key
        // (witness-compatible) and an additive hybrid PQ composite key.
        let (seed, ed_pk) = metamorphic_crypto::ed25519_generate_keypair();
        let pq_kp = metamorphic_crypto::generate_signing_keypair();
        let pq_pk = crate::encoding::base64_decode(&pq_kp.public_key).unwrap();

        let ed_sig = sign_ed25519(&body, "origin.example/log", &seed).unwrap();
        let pq_sig = sign_hybrid(&body, "origin.example/log-pq", &pq_kp.secret_key).unwrap();
        let note = SignedNote::new(body, vec![ed_sig, pq_sig]).unwrap();

        let ed_vkey = VerifierKey::new_ed25519("origin.example/log", &ed_pk).unwrap();
        let pq_vkey = VerifierKey::new_hybrid("origin.example/log-pq", &pq_pk).unwrap();

        // A classical-only witness verifies and recomputes from the Ed25519 line.
        let parsed_classical =
            Checkpoint::from_signed_note(&note.marshal(), std::slice::from_ref(&ed_vkey)).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(parsed_classical, cp);

        // A PQ-aware verifier with both trusted keys verifies the full set.
        let parsed_pq = Checkpoint::from_signed_note(&note.marshal(), &[ed_vkey, pq_vkey]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(parsed_pq, cp);
    }
}