memkit 0.1.0-beta.1

//! Slab allocator for small object pooling.

use std::alloc::{alloc, dealloc, Layout};
use std::ptr::NonNull;

/// Size classes for slab allocation.
const SIZE_CLASSES: [usize; 9] = [16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096];

/// Number of objects per slab page.
const OBJECTS_PER_PAGE: usize = 64;

/// A slab allocator for efficient small object allocation.
///
/// Uses size classes to reduce fragmentation and provides O(1) alloc/free
/// for objects that fit in a size class.
pub struct SlabAllocator {
    /// Free lists for each size class.
    free_lists: [FreeList; 9],
}

/// A free list for a specific size class.
struct FreeList {
    /// Head of the free list.
    head: Option<NonNull<FreeNode>>,
    /// Size class this list handles.
    size_class: usize,
    /// Number of free objects.
    free_count: usize,
    /// Number of allocated objects.
    alloc_count: usize,
}

/// A node in the free list (stored in the free memory itself).
#[repr(C)]
struct FreeNode {
    next: Option<NonNull<FreeNode>>,
}

impl SlabAllocator {
    /// Create a new slab allocator.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            free_lists: [
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[0]),
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[1]),
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[2]),
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[3]),
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[4]),
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[5]),
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[6]),
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[7]),
                FreeList::new(SIZE_CLASSES[8]),
            ],
        }
    }

    /// Find the size class index for a given size.
    fn size_class_index(size: usize) -> Option<usize> {
        SIZE_CLASSES.iter().position(|&s| size <= s)
    }

    /// Allocate memory for type T.
    pub fn alloc<T>(&mut self) -> *mut T {
        let size = std::mem::size_of::<T>();
        let align = std::mem::align_of::<T>();

        // Find appropriate size class
        let idx = match Self::size_class_index(size.max(align)) {
            Some(idx) => idx,
            None => {
                // Too large for slab, use system allocator
                return self.alloc_large::<T>();
            }
        };

        self.free_lists[idx].alloc() as *mut T
    }

    /// Free memory for type T.
    pub fn free<T>(&mut self, ptr: *mut T) {
        if ptr.is_null() {
            return;
        }

        let size = std::mem::size_of::<T>();
        let align = std::mem::align_of::<T>();

        // Find appropriate size class
        let idx = match Self::size_class_index(size.max(align)) {
            Some(idx) => idx,
            None => {
                // Was allocated with system allocator
                self.free_large(ptr);
                return;
            }
        };

        self.free_lists[idx].free(ptr as *mut u8);
    }

    /// Allocate from system allocator for large objects.
    fn alloc_large<T>(&self) -> *mut T {
        let layout = Layout::new::<T>();
        unsafe { alloc(layout) as *mut T }
    }

    /// Free to system allocator for large objects.
    fn free_large<T>(&self, ptr: *mut T) {
        let layout = Layout::new::<T>();
        unsafe { dealloc(ptr as *mut u8, layout) };
    }

    /// Get statistics.
    pub fn stats(&self) -> SlabStats {
        let mut total_free = 0;
        let mut total_alloc = 0;

        for list in &self.free_lists {
            total_free += list.free_count;
            total_alloc += list.alloc_count;
        }

        SlabStats {
            free_count: total_free,
            alloc_count: total_alloc,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for SlabAllocator {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl FreeList {
    /// Create a new free list for a size class.
    const fn new(size_class: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            head: None,
            size_class,
            free_count: 0,
            alloc_count: 0,
        }
    }

    /// Allocate from this free list.
    fn alloc(&mut self) -> *mut u8 {
        // Try to pop from free list
        if let Some(node) = self.head {
            unsafe {
                self.head = node.as_ref().next;
                self.free_count -= 1;
                self.alloc_count += 1;
                return node.as_ptr() as *mut u8;
            }
        }

        // Need to allocate a new page
        self.grow();

        // Try again
        if let Some(node) = self.head {
            unsafe {
                self.head = node.as_ref().next;
                self.free_count -= 1;
                self.alloc_count += 1;
                return node.as_ptr() as *mut u8;
            }
        }

        std::ptr::null_mut()
    }

    /// Free to this free list.
    fn free(&mut self, ptr: *mut u8) {
        if ptr.is_null() {
            return;
        }

        unsafe {
            let node = ptr as *mut FreeNode;
            (*node).next = self.head;
            self.head = NonNull::new(node);
            self.free_count += 1;
            self.alloc_count = self.alloc_count.saturating_sub(1);
        }
    }

    /// Add a pointer to the free list without adjusting alloc_count.
    fn add_to_free_list(&mut self, ptr: *mut u8) {
        unsafe {
            let node = ptr as *mut FreeNode;
            (*node).next = self.head;
            self.head = NonNull::new(node);
            self.free_count += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Grow the free list by allocating a new page.
    fn grow(&mut self) {
        let page_size = self.size_class * OBJECTS_PER_PAGE;
        let layout = Layout::from_size_align(page_size, self.size_class).unwrap();

        let page = unsafe { alloc(layout) };
        if page.is_null() {
            return;
        }

        // Add all objects to the free list (don't touch alloc_count)
        for i in 0..OBJECTS_PER_PAGE {
            let obj = unsafe { page.add(i * self.size_class) };
            self.add_to_free_list(obj);
        }
    }
}

/// Slab allocator statistics.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct SlabStats {
    pub free_count: usize,
    pub alloc_count: usize,
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_slab_alloc_free() {
        let mut slab = SlabAllocator::new();

        let ptr1: *mut u32 = slab.alloc();
        assert!(!ptr1.is_null());
        unsafe { *ptr1 = 42 };

        let ptr2: *mut u64 = slab.alloc();
        assert!(!ptr2.is_null());
        unsafe { *ptr2 = 123 };

        assert_eq!(unsafe { *ptr1 }, 42);
        assert_eq!(unsafe { *ptr2 }, 123);

        slab.free(ptr1);
        slab.free(ptr2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_slab_reuse() {
        let mut slab = SlabAllocator::new();

        let ptr1: *mut u32 = slab.alloc();
        slab.free(ptr1);

        let ptr2: *mut u32 = slab.alloc();
        // Should reuse the same memory
        assert_eq!(ptr1, ptr2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_slab_large() {
        let mut slab = SlabAllocator::new();

        // Larger than any size class
        let ptr: *mut [u8; 8192] = slab.alloc();
        assert!(!ptr.is_null());

        slab.free(ptr);
    }
}