meerkat-core 0.8.29

//! Call-level tool execution authorization.
//!
//! [`ToolExecutionPolicy`] is the sealed, resolved form of the per-launch
//! [`crate::ops::ToolAccessPolicy`] vocabulary. `Inherit` is **not**
//! resolvable at this seam: the spawn chain resolves `Inherit` to the
//! parent's effective policy before the execution gate is constructed, so an
//! unresolved `Inherit` here is a wiring fault and fails closed with a typed
//! error.
//!
//! [`ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher`] enforces the resolved policy at
//! dispatch time while leaving the LLM-visible tool list
//! (`tools()`/`tool_catalog()`) byte-identical, so gating never changes the
//! prompt-cache prefix. A denied call surfaces as an ordinary
//! `access_denied` [`ToolError`] which the agent loop converts into an
//! `is_error` tool result via `terminal_tool_outcome_for_error` — the run
//! continues. Provider-native server tools never traverse
//! [`AgentToolDispatcher`] and cannot be gated here; hosts that need them
//! gated must disable the native capability on gated builds.
//!
//! # Read-only intent and the exact boundary of its guarantee
//!
//! [`ToolAccessPolicy::ReadOnly`] is the name-independent form: it admits a
//! call only when the dispatcher that owns the name declares
//! [`ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly`] for it. Declaration is made by the code
//! that owns the tool (`AgentToolDispatcher::tool_mutation_class`), so an
//! undeclared tool is [`ToolMutationClass::Unknown`] and is denied. That
//! fail-closed default is the whole design: over-denial is honest,
//! under-denial would be a false guarantee.
//!
//! What the declaration therefore does NOT promise:
//!
//! - **Provider-native server tools** (web search, code execution, computer
//!   use run by the provider) never traverse [`AgentToolDispatcher`], so this
//!   gate cannot see them. A read-only launch is only truthful when the host
//!   also disables native tool capabilities.
//! - **MCP tools** are `Unknown` and denied. The MCP `readOnlyHint`
//!   annotation is a hint supplied by the server being gated, not a proof, so
//!   it is deliberately not honored here. An operator who has audited a
//!   specific MCP tool should use an explicit `AllowList` instead of asking
//!   read-only intent to guess.
//! - **`shell`** is mutating: nothing in-tree classifies a command line, so
//!   there is no read-only shell. Read-only intent denies it outright, which
//!   also means the in-tree read surface is narrow (file reads go through
//!   `shell`); hosts that want a read-only agent to read files supply their
//!   own dispatcher and declare its read tools.
//! - **Host-supplied dispatchers** (rust bundles, external tool surfaces)
//!   are `Unknown` until they implement the declaration themselves.
//!
//! Within those boundaries the guarantee is exact: no call reaches the inner
//! dispatcher unless its owner declared it read-only.

use crate::agent::{
    AgentToolDispatcher, BindOutcome, DispatcherCapabilities, ExternalToolUpdate,
    OpsLifecycleBindError, ToolDispatchContext,
};
use crate::error::ToolError;
use crate::ops::ToolAccessPolicy;
use crate::tool_catalog::{ToolCatalogCapabilities, ToolCatalogEntry};
use crate::types::{ToolCallView, ToolDef, ToolNameSet};
use async_trait::async_trait;
use std::sync::Arc;

/// Error resolving a [`ToolAccessPolicy`] into a [`ToolExecutionPolicy`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
pub enum ToolExecutionPolicyError {
    /// `Inherit` reached the execution seam unresolved.
    ///
    /// The spawn chain owns `Inherit` resolution (a child inherits the
    /// parent's effective policy; host/operator launches with no parent
    /// resolve to unrestricted). By the time a policy is turned into an
    /// execution gate it must be a concrete allow/deny shape.
    #[error(
        "tool access policy 'inherit' is unresolved at the execution seam; \
         the spawn chain must resolve it to the parent's effective policy \
         before the dispatch gate is built"
    )]
    UnresolvedInherit,
    #[error("tool access constraints must not be empty")]
    EmptyConstraints,
}

impl ToolExecutionPolicyError {
    /// Stable machine-readable error code for wire surfaces.
    pub fn error_code(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Self::UnresolvedInherit => "tool_execution_policy_unresolved_inherit",
            Self::EmptyConstraints => "tool_execution_policy_empty_constraints",
        }
    }
}

/// Declared world-mutation semantics of one tool binding.
///
/// The declaration is made by the dispatcher that owns the tool name, never
/// inferred from the name or the schema. `Unknown` is the default because an
/// undeclared tool must not be treated as safe: read-only intent denies
/// everything that is not positively declared read-only.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ToolMutationClass {
    /// The tool cannot change state outside this session's own transcript:
    /// no filesystem writes, no network writes, no store mutation, no
    /// messages to other agents, no process spawning.
    ReadOnly,
    /// The tool can change state outside the session.
    Mutating,
    /// Mutation semantics are undeclared or not knowable at this seam
    /// (third-party MCP tools, host bundles that have not declared).
    #[default]
    Unknown,
}

impl ToolMutationClass {
    /// Whether this class is a positive read-only declaration.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn is_declared_read_only(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::ReadOnly)
    }
}

/// Sealed resolved form of a per-launch tool access policy.
///
/// Constructed only through [`ToolExecutionPolicy::unrestricted`] or the
/// fallible [`ToolExecutionPolicy::resolve`]; the shape is private so no
/// caller can mint a policy that skipped `Inherit` resolution.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ToolExecutionPolicy {
    constraints: Vec<crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint>,
}

impl ToolExecutionPolicy {
    /// A policy that permits every tool call.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn unrestricted() -> Self {
        Self {
            constraints: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Resolve the per-launch [`ToolAccessPolicy`] vocabulary into the sealed
    /// execution form.
    ///
    /// `AllowList`/`DenyList` carry over directly. `Inherit` fails with
    /// [`ToolExecutionPolicyError::UnresolvedInherit`] — the spawn chain must
    /// have replaced it with the parent's effective policy before this point.
    pub fn resolve(policy: ToolAccessPolicy) -> Result<Self, ToolExecutionPolicyError> {
        let constraints = match policy {
            ToolAccessPolicy::Inherit => Err(ToolExecutionPolicyError::UnresolvedInherit),
            ToolAccessPolicy::AllowList(names) => {
                Ok(vec![crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint::AllowNames(names)])
            }
            ToolAccessPolicy::DenyList(names) => {
                Ok(vec![crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint::DenyNames(names)])
            }
            ToolAccessPolicy::ReadOnly => Ok(vec![crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint::ReadOnly]),
            ToolAccessPolicy::Constraints(constraints) if constraints.is_empty() => {
                Err(ToolExecutionPolicyError::EmptyConstraints)
            }
            ToolAccessPolicy::Constraints(constraints) => Ok(constraints),
        }?;
        Ok(Self {
            constraints: normalize_constraints(constraints),
        })
    }

    /// Whether this policy permits every tool call.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_unrestricted(&self) -> bool {
        self.constraints.is_empty()
    }

    /// Whether this policy admits calls solely on a read-only declaration.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_read_only_intent(&self) -> bool {
        self.constraints.len() == 1
            && matches!(
                self.constraints[0],
                crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint::ReadOnly
            )
    }

    #[must_use]
    fn requires_mutation_declaration(&self) -> bool {
        self.constraints
            .iter()
            .any(|constraint| matches!(constraint, crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint::ReadOnly))
    }

    /// Whether a call to the named tool is permitted, given the mutation class
    /// its owning dispatcher declares for that name.
    ///
    /// Name-list policies ignore the class; read-only intent decides on the
    /// class alone and admits nothing but a positive
    /// [`ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly`] declaration.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn permits_call(&self, name: &str, declared: ToolMutationClass) -> bool {
        self.constraints.iter().all(|constraint| match constraint {
            crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint::AllowNames(names) => names.contains(name),
            crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint::DenyNames(names) => !names.contains(name),
            crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint::ReadOnly => declared.is_declared_read_only(),
        })
    }

    /// Whether a call to the named tool is permitted without a declaration in
    /// hand.
    ///
    /// Equivalent to `permits_call(name, ToolMutationClass::Unknown)`: a
    /// caller that cannot supply the owning dispatcher's declaration gets the
    /// fail-closed answer under read-only intent. Callers that CAN reach the
    /// declaration (the dispatch gate) must use [`Self::permits_call`].
    #[must_use]
    pub fn permits(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
        self.permits_call(name, ToolMutationClass::Unknown)
    }
}

fn normalize_constraints(
    constraints: Vec<crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint>,
) -> Vec<crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint> {
    use crate::ops::ToolAccessConstraint;
    let mut allow: Option<ToolNameSet> = None;
    let mut deny = ToolNameSet::default();
    let mut read_only = false;
    for constraint in constraints {
        match constraint {
            ToolAccessConstraint::AllowNames(names) => {
                allow = Some(match allow {
                    None => names,
                    Some(mut existing) => {
                        existing.retain(|name| names.contains(name.as_str()));
                        existing
                    }
                });
            }
            ToolAccessConstraint::DenyNames(names) => {
                for name in names.into_inner() {
                    deny.insert(name);
                }
            }
            ToolAccessConstraint::ReadOnly => read_only = true,
        }
    }
    let mut normalized = Vec::new();
    if let Some(names) = allow {
        normalized.push(ToolAccessConstraint::AllowNames(names));
    }
    if !deny.is_empty() {
        normalized.push(ToolAccessConstraint::DenyNames(deny));
    }
    if read_only {
        normalized.push(ToolAccessConstraint::ReadOnly);
    }
    normalized
}

/// A tool dispatcher that gates execution behind a [`ToolExecutionPolicy`]
/// while forwarding the entire [`AgentToolDispatcher`] surface unchanged.
///
/// Unlike [`crate::agent::FilteredToolDispatcher`] (a list-changing
/// visibility filter), this wrapper leaves `tools()`/`tool_catalog()`
/// byte-identical and denies only inside `dispatch`/`dispatch_with_context`,
/// so the denial reaches the transcript as an ordinary `is_error` tool
/// result and the run continues. It explicitly forwards
/// `bind_mcp_server_lifecycle_handle` and `bind_external_tool_surface_handle`
/// just like `FilteredToolDispatcher`, so either wrapper preserves MCP DSL
/// lifecycle mirroring from the inner dispatcher.
pub struct ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher<T: AgentToolDispatcher + ?Sized> {
    inner: Arc<T>,
    policy: ToolExecutionPolicy,
    consequence_policy: Option<crate::BoundToolConsequencePolicy>,
}

impl<T: AgentToolDispatcher + ?Sized> ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher<T> {
    /// Wrap `inner` with the resolved execution policy.
    pub fn new(inner: Arc<T>, policy: ToolExecutionPolicy) -> Self {
        Self {
            inner,
            policy,
            consequence_policy: None,
        }
    }

    /// Attach the already validated host policy binding to the same outermost gate.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_consequence_policy(
        mut self,
        consequence_policy: crate::BoundToolConsequencePolicy,
    ) -> Self {
        self.consequence_policy = Some(consequence_policy);
        self
    }

    /// Whether the policy admits this call, consulting the inner dispatcher's
    /// own mutation declaration for the name.
    ///
    /// The declaration is only read for read-only intent; name-list policies
    /// must not pay for a forwarded lookup on every dispatch.
    fn permits_inner_call(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
        if self.policy.requires_mutation_declaration() {
            return self
                .policy
                .permits_call(name, self.inner.tool_mutation_class(name));
        }
        self.policy.permits(name)
    }

    /// Deny verdict for a call, preserving the `not_found` vs `access_denied`
    /// distinction: a name the inner dispatcher does not know is `not_found`
    /// (the tool genuinely does not exist), a known name blocked by policy is
    /// `access_denied` (precedent: `FilteredToolDispatcher`'s dispatch-deny
    /// arm).
    fn denial_error(&self, name: &str) -> ToolError {
        let inner_knows_tool = if self.inner.tool_catalog_capabilities().exact_catalog {
            self.inner
                .tool_catalog()
                .iter()
                .any(|entry| entry.tool.name == name)
        } else {
            self.inner.tools().iter().any(|tool| tool.name == name)
        };
        if inner_knows_tool {
            ToolError::access_denied(name)
        } else {
            ToolError::not_found(name)
        }
    }

    async fn evaluate_consequence_policy(
        &self,
        call: ToolCallView<'_>,
        context: Option<&ToolDispatchContext>,
    ) -> Result<(), ToolError> {
        let Some(policy) = self.consequence_policy.as_ref() else {
            return Ok(());
        };
        policy
            .evaluate(call, context.and_then(ToolDispatchContext::run_id).cloned())
            .await
    }
}

#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
impl<T: AgentToolDispatcher + ?Sized + 'static> AgentToolDispatcher
    for ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher<T>
{
    fn tools(&self) -> Arc<[Arc<ToolDef>]> {
        self.inner.tools()
    }

    fn tool_catalog_capabilities(&self) -> ToolCatalogCapabilities {
        self.inner.tool_catalog_capabilities()
    }

    fn tool_catalog(&self) -> Arc<[ToolCatalogEntry]> {
        self.inner.tool_catalog()
    }

    fn tool_mutation_class(&self, tool_name: &str) -> ToolMutationClass {
        self.inner.tool_mutation_class(tool_name)
    }

    fn pending_catalog_sources(&self) -> Arc<[String]> {
        self.inner.pending_catalog_sources()
    }

    fn execution_binding_fingerprint(
        &self,
        tool_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<crate::EphemeralToolBindingFingerprint, crate::ToolExecutionResolutionError> {
        if !self.permits_inner_call(tool_name) {
            return Err(match self.denial_error(tool_name) {
                ToolError::NotFound { .. } => crate::ToolExecutionResolutionError::NotFound {
                    tool_name: tool_name.to_string(),
                },
                _ => crate::ToolExecutionResolutionError::AccessDenied {
                    tool_name: tool_name.to_string(),
                },
            });
        }
        let catalog = self.tool_catalog();
        let entry = catalog
            .iter()
            .find(|entry| entry.tool.name == tool_name)
            .ok_or_else(|| crate::ToolExecutionResolutionError::NotFound {
                tool_name: tool_name.to_string(),
            })?;
        Ok(crate::ephemeral_tool_catalog_binding_fingerprint(entry)
            .with_live_authority(0, 0)
            .with_dependency(&self.inner.execution_binding_fingerprint(tool_name)?))
    }

    fn resolve_execution_plan(
        &self,
        call: ToolCallView<'_>,
        dispatch_context: &ToolDispatchContext,
        resolution_context: &crate::ToolExecutionResolutionContext,
    ) -> Result<crate::ResolvedToolExecutionPlan, crate::ToolExecutionResolutionError> {
        if !self.permits_inner_call(call.name) {
            return Err(match self.denial_error(call.name) {
                ToolError::NotFound { .. } => crate::ToolExecutionResolutionError::NotFound {
                    tool_name: call.name.to_string(),
                },
                _ => crate::ToolExecutionResolutionError::AccessDenied {
                    tool_name: call.name.to_string(),
                },
            });
        }
        self.inner
            .resolve_execution_plan(call, dispatch_context, resolution_context)
    }

    async fn dispatch(
        &self,
        call: ToolCallView<'_>,
    ) -> Result<crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome, ToolError> {
        if !self.permits_inner_call(call.name) {
            return Err(self.denial_error(call.name));
        }
        self.evaluate_consequence_policy(call, None).await?;
        self.inner.dispatch(call).await
    }

    async fn dispatch_with_context(
        &self,
        call: ToolCallView<'_>,
        context: &ToolDispatchContext,
    ) -> Result<crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome, ToolError> {
        if !self.permits_inner_call(call.name) {
            return Err(self.denial_error(call.name));
        }
        self.evaluate_consequence_policy(call, Some(context))
            .await?;
        self.inner.dispatch_with_context(call, context).await
    }

    async fn dispatch_resolved_with_context(
        &self,
        call: ToolCallView<'_>,
        context: &ToolDispatchContext,
        plan: &crate::ResolvedToolExecutionPlan,
    ) -> Result<crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome, ToolError> {
        if !self.permits_inner_call(call.name) {
            return Err(self.denial_error(call.name));
        }
        self.evaluate_consequence_policy(call, Some(context))
            .await?;
        self.inner
            .dispatch_resolved_with_context(call, context, plan)
            .await
    }

    async fn poll_external_updates(&self) -> ExternalToolUpdate {
        self.inner.poll_external_updates().await
    }

    fn external_tool_surface_snapshot(&self) -> Option<crate::ExternalToolSurfaceSnapshot> {
        self.inner.external_tool_surface_snapshot()
    }

    fn capabilities(&self) -> DispatcherCapabilities {
        self.inner.capabilities()
    }

    fn bind_ops_lifecycle(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        registry: Arc<dyn crate::ops_lifecycle::OpsLifecycleRegistry>,
        owner_bridge_session_id: crate::types::SessionId,
    ) -> Result<BindOutcome, OpsLifecycleBindError> {
        let owned = Arc::try_unwrap(self).map_err(|_| OpsLifecycleBindError::SharedOwnership)?;
        if Arc::strong_count(&owned.inner) == 1 {
            let outcome = owned
                .inner
                .bind_ops_lifecycle(registry, owner_bridge_session_id)?;
            let bound = outcome.was_bound();
            let inner = outcome.into_dispatcher();
            let gated = Arc::new(ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher {
                inner,
                policy: owned.policy,
                consequence_policy: owned.consequence_policy,
            });
            Ok(if bound {
                BindOutcome::Bound(gated)
            } else {
                BindOutcome::Skipped(gated)
            })
        } else {
            Ok(BindOutcome::Skipped(Arc::new(
                ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher {
                    inner: owned.inner,
                    policy: owned.policy,
                    consequence_policy: owned.consequence_policy,
                },
            )))
        }
    }

    fn completion_enrichment(
        &self,
    ) -> Option<Arc<dyn crate::completion_feed::CompletionEnrichmentProvider>> {
        self.inner.completion_enrichment()
    }

    fn bind_mcp_server_lifecycle_handle(
        &self,
        handle: Arc<dyn crate::handles::McpServerLifecycleHandle>,
    ) {
        self.inner.bind_mcp_server_lifecycle_handle(handle);
    }

    fn bind_external_tool_surface_handle(
        &self,
        handle: Arc<dyn crate::handles::ExternalToolSurfaceHandle>,
    ) {
        self.inner.bind_external_tool_surface_handle(handle);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used, clippy::panic)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::handles::{
        DslTransitionError, ExternalToolSurfaceHandle, ExternalToolSurfaceInput,
        ExternalToolSurfaceTransition, McpServerLifecycleHandle, SurfaceDiagnosticSnapshot,
        SurfaceSnapshot,
    };
    use crate::ops_lifecycle::{
        OperationCompletionWatch, OperationLifecycleSnapshot, OperationPeerHandle,
        OperationProgressUpdate, OpsLifecycleError, OpsLifecycleRegistry,
    };
    use crate::tool_scope::ExternalToolSurfaceGlobalPhase;
    use crate::types::ToolResult;
    use crate::{
        BoundToolConsequencePolicy, MobMemberBinding, PolicyDigest, PolicyEvaluationProvenance,
        PolicyEvaluationSupervisorConfig, PolicyId, PolicyProviderGeneration, PolicyProviderId,
        PolicyRevision, ToolConsequenceDenial, ToolConsequenceFailure,
        ToolConsequenceNarrowingPolicy, ToolConsequencePolicyRegistry,
        ToolConsequencePolicySnapshot, ToolConsequenceRequest, ToolConsequenceVerdict,
    };
    use std::collections::BTreeSet;
    use std::sync::Mutex;

    fn tool_def(name: &str) -> Arc<ToolDef> {
        Arc::new(ToolDef::new(
            name,
            format!("test tool {name}"),
            serde_json::json!({ "type": "object" }),
        ))
    }

    fn empty_args() -> Box<serde_json::value::RawValue> {
        serde_json::value::RawValue::from_string("{}".to_string()).expect("valid args json")
    }

    /// Inner test dispatcher that records dispatched names and supports the
    /// optional bind surfaces so forwarding can be asserted.
    struct SpyDispatcher {
        tools: Arc<[Arc<ToolDef>]>,
        dispatched: Mutex<Vec<String>>,
        ops_bound: Mutex<bool>,
        mcp_handles_bound: Mutex<usize>,
        surface_handles_bound: Mutex<usize>,
    }

    impl SpyDispatcher {
        fn new(names: &[&str]) -> Self {
            Self {
                tools: names.iter().map(|name| tool_def(name)).collect(),
                dispatched: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
                ops_bound: Mutex::new(false),
                mcp_handles_bound: Mutex::new(0),
                surface_handles_bound: Mutex::new(0),
            }
        }

        fn dispatched(&self) -> Vec<String> {
            self.dispatched.lock().unwrap().clone()
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
    #[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
    impl AgentToolDispatcher for SpyDispatcher {
        fn tools(&self) -> Arc<[Arc<ToolDef>]> {
            Arc::clone(&self.tools)
        }

        async fn dispatch(
            &self,
            call: ToolCallView<'_>,
        ) -> Result<crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome, ToolError> {
            self.dispatched.lock().unwrap().push(call.name.to_string());
            Ok(crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome::from(ToolResult::new(
                call.id.to_string(),
                "ok".to_string(),
                false,
            )))
        }

        fn capabilities(&self) -> DispatcherCapabilities {
            DispatcherCapabilities {
                ops_lifecycle: true,
            }
        }

        fn bind_ops_lifecycle(
            self: Arc<Self>,
            _registry: Arc<dyn OpsLifecycleRegistry>,
            _owner_bridge_session_id: crate::types::SessionId,
        ) -> Result<BindOutcome, OpsLifecycleBindError> {
            *self.ops_bound.lock().unwrap() = true;
            Ok(BindOutcome::Bound(self))
        }

        fn bind_mcp_server_lifecycle_handle(&self, _handle: Arc<dyn McpServerLifecycleHandle>) {
            *self.mcp_handles_bound.lock().unwrap() += 1;
        }

        fn bind_external_tool_surface_handle(&self, _handle: Arc<dyn ExternalToolSurfaceHandle>) {
            *self.surface_handles_bound.lock().unwrap() += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Fully-unsupported registry stub: the spy dispatcher never calls into
    /// the registry, so every method fails loud if it ever does.
    struct UnsupportedOpsRegistry;

    fn unsupported(op: &str) -> OpsLifecycleError {
        OpsLifecycleError::Unsupported(op.into())
    }

    impl OpsLifecycleRegistry for UnsupportedOpsRegistry {
        fn register_operation(
            &self,
            _spec: crate::ops_lifecycle::OperationSpec,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("register_operation"))
        }

        fn provisioning_succeeded(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("provisioning_succeeded"))
        }

        fn provisioning_failed(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
            _error: String,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("provisioning_failed"))
        }

        fn peer_ready(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
            _peer: OperationPeerHandle,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("peer_ready"))
        }

        fn register_watcher(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
        ) -> Result<OperationCompletionWatch, OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("register_watcher"))
        }

        fn report_progress(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
            _update: OperationProgressUpdate,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("report_progress"))
        }

        fn complete_operation(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
            _result: crate::ops::OperationResult,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("complete_operation"))
        }

        fn fail_operation(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
            _error: String,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("fail_operation"))
        }

        fn abort_provisioning(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
            _reason: Option<String>,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("abort_provisioning"))
        }

        fn cancel_operation(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
            _reason: Option<String>,
        ) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("cancel_operation"))
        }

        fn request_retire(&self, _id: &crate::ops::OperationId) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("request_retire"))
        }

        fn mark_retired(&self, _id: &crate::ops::OperationId) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("mark_retired"))
        }

        fn snapshot(
            &self,
            _id: &crate::ops::OperationId,
        ) -> Result<Option<OperationLifecycleSnapshot>, OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("snapshot"))
        }

        fn list_operations(&self) -> Result<Vec<OperationLifecycleSnapshot>, OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("list_operations"))
        }

        fn terminate_owner(&self, _reason: String) -> Result<(), OpsLifecycleError> {
            Err(unsupported("terminate_owner"))
        }
    }

    struct NoopMcpLifecycleHandle;

    impl McpServerLifecycleHandle for NoopMcpLifecycleHandle {
        fn apply_connect_pending(&self, _server_id: &str) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Ok(())
        }

        fn apply_connected(&self, _server_id: &str) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Ok(())
        }

        fn apply_failed(&self, _server_id: &str, _error: &str) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Ok(())
        }

        fn apply_disconnected(&self, _server_id: &str) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Ok(())
        }

        fn apply_reload(&self, _server_id: &str) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Ok(())
        }

        fn pending_server_ids(&self) -> BTreeSet<String> {
            BTreeSet::new()
        }
    }

    /// Rejecting external tool-surface handle stub — the spy dispatcher only
    /// records the bind, so no method is ever exercised.
    struct RejectingSurfaceHandle;

    impl RejectingSurfaceHandle {
        fn reject(context: &'static str) -> DslTransitionError {
            DslTransitionError::guard_rejected(context, "test stub rejects all surface inputs")
        }

        fn empty_snapshot() -> SurfaceDiagnosticSnapshot {
            SurfaceDiagnosticSnapshot {
                surface_phase: ExternalToolSurfaceGlobalPhase::Operating,
                known_surfaces: BTreeSet::new(),
                visible_surfaces: BTreeSet::new(),
                snapshot_epoch: 0,
                snapshot_aligned_epoch: 0,
                has_pending_or_staged: false,
                entries: Vec::new(),
            }
        }
    }

    impl ExternalToolSurfaceHandle for RejectingSurfaceHandle {
        fn apply_surface_input(
            &self,
            _input: ExternalToolSurfaceInput,
        ) -> Result<ExternalToolSurfaceTransition, DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::apply_surface_input"))
        }

        fn register(&self, _surface_id: String) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::register"))
        }

        fn stage_add(&self, _surface_id: String, _now_ms: u64) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::stage_add"))
        }

        fn stage_remove(
            &self,
            _surface_id: String,
            _now_ms: u64,
        ) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::stage_remove"))
        }

        fn stage_reload(
            &self,
            _surface_id: String,
            _now_ms: u64,
        ) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::stage_reload"))
        }

        fn apply_boundary(
            &self,
            _surface_id: String,
            _now_ms: u64,
            _staged_intent_sequence: u64,
            _applied_at_turn: u64,
        ) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::apply_boundary"))
        }

        fn mark_pending_succeeded(
            &self,
            _surface_id: String,
            _pending_task_sequence: u64,
            _staged_intent_sequence: u64,
        ) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject(
                "RejectingSurfaceHandle::mark_pending_succeeded",
            ))
        }

        fn mark_pending_failed(
            &self,
            _surface_id: String,
            _pending_task_sequence: u64,
            _staged_intent_sequence: u64,
            _cause: crate::tool_scope::ExternalToolSurfaceFailureCause,
        ) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::mark_pending_failed"))
        }

        fn call_started(&self, _surface_id: String) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::call_started"))
        }

        fn call_finished(&self, _surface_id: String) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::call_finished"))
        }

        fn finalize_removal_clean(&self, _surface_id: String) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject(
                "RejectingSurfaceHandle::finalize_removal_clean",
            ))
        }

        fn finalize_removal_forced(&self, _surface_id: String) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject(
                "RejectingSurfaceHandle::finalize_removal_forced",
            ))
        }

        fn snapshot_aligned(&self, _epoch: u64) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::snapshot_aligned"))
        }

        fn shutdown_surface(&self) -> Result<(), DslTransitionError> {
            Err(Self::reject("RejectingSurfaceHandle::shutdown_surface"))
        }

        fn surface_snapshot(&self, _surface_id: &str) -> Option<SurfaceSnapshot> {
            None
        }

        fn diagnostic_snapshot(&self) -> SurfaceDiagnosticSnapshot {
            Self::empty_snapshot()
        }

        fn visible_surfaces(&self) -> BTreeSet<String> {
            BTreeSet::new()
        }

        fn removing_surfaces(&self) -> BTreeSet<String> {
            BTreeSet::new()
        }

        fn pending_surfaces(&self) -> BTreeSet<String> {
            BTreeSet::new()
        }

        fn has_pending_or_staged(&self) -> bool {
            false
        }

        fn snapshot_epoch(&self) -> u64 {
            0
        }

        fn snapshot_aligned_epoch(&self) -> u64 {
            0
        }
    }

    fn allow_list(names: &[&str]) -> ToolExecutionPolicy {
        ToolExecutionPolicy::resolve(ToolAccessPolicy::AllowList(names.iter().copied().collect()))
            .expect("allow list resolves")
    }

    fn deny_list(names: &[&str]) -> ToolExecutionPolicy {
        ToolExecutionPolicy::resolve(ToolAccessPolicy::DenyList(names.iter().copied().collect()))
            .expect("deny list resolves")
    }

    fn read_only() -> ToolExecutionPolicy {
        ToolExecutionPolicy::resolve(ToolAccessPolicy::ReadOnly).expect("read-only resolves")
    }

    /// Inner dispatcher that both records dispatches and declares a mutation
    /// class per name, so the read-only gate can be tested against the exact
    /// declaration seam a real dispatcher implements.
    struct DeclaringDispatcher {
        inner: Arc<SpyDispatcher>,
        classes: Vec<(String, ToolMutationClass)>,
    }

    impl DeclaringDispatcher {
        fn new(declared: &[(&str, ToolMutationClass)], undeclared: &[&str]) -> Self {
            let names: Vec<&str> = declared
                .iter()
                .map(|(name, _)| *name)
                .chain(undeclared.iter().copied())
                .collect();
            Self {
                inner: Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&names)),
                classes: declared
                    .iter()
                    .map(|(name, class)| ((*name).to_string(), *class))
                    .collect(),
            }
        }

        fn dispatched(&self) -> Vec<String> {
            self.inner.dispatched()
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
    #[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
    impl AgentToolDispatcher for DeclaringDispatcher {
        fn tools(&self) -> Arc<[Arc<ToolDef>]> {
            self.inner.tools()
        }

        fn tool_mutation_class(&self, tool_name: &str) -> ToolMutationClass {
            self.classes
                .iter()
                .find(|(name, _)| name == tool_name)
                .map(|(_, class)| *class)
                .unwrap_or_default()
        }

        async fn dispatch(
            &self,
            call: ToolCallView<'_>,
        ) -> Result<crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome, ToolError> {
            self.inner.dispatch(call).await
        }

        async fn dispatch_with_context(
            &self,
            call: ToolCallView<'_>,
            context: &ToolDispatchContext,
        ) -> Result<crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome, ToolError> {
            self.inner.dispatch_with_context(call, context).await
        }
    }

    async fn dispatch_named<T: AgentToolDispatcher + ?Sized>(
        dispatcher: &T,
        name: &str,
    ) -> Result<crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome, ToolError> {
        let args = empty_args();
        let call = ToolCallView {
            id: "call-1",
            name,
            args: &args,
        };
        dispatcher.dispatch(call).await
    }

    async fn dispatch_named_with_context<T: AgentToolDispatcher + ?Sized>(
        dispatcher: &T,
        name: &str,
    ) -> Result<crate::ops::ToolDispatchOutcome, ToolError> {
        let args = empty_args();
        let call = ToolCallView {
            id: "call-1",
            name,
            args: &args,
        };
        dispatcher
            .dispatch_with_context(call, &ToolDispatchContext::default())
            .await
    }

    // ── Resolver ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    #[test]
    fn resolve_inherit_fails_closed_with_typed_error() {
        let err = ToolExecutionPolicy::resolve(ToolAccessPolicy::Inherit)
            .expect_err("inherit must not resolve at the execution seam");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolExecutionPolicyError::UnresolvedInherit);
        assert_eq!(err.error_code(), "tool_execution_policy_unresolved_inherit");
    }

    #[test]
    fn resolve_allow_and_deny_lists_carry_over() {
        assert!(allow_list(&["a"]).permits("a"));
        assert!(!allow_list(&["a"]).permits("b"));
        assert!(!deny_list(&["a"]).permits("a"));
        assert!(deny_list(&["a"]).permits("b"));
        assert!(ToolExecutionPolicy::unrestricted().permits("anything"));
        assert!(ToolExecutionPolicy::unrestricted().is_unrestricted());
        assert!(!allow_list(&["a"]).is_unrestricted());
        assert!(!deny_list(&["a"]).is_unrestricted());
    }

    // ── List preservation ────────────────────────────────────────────────

    #[test]
    fn gated_dispatcher_preserves_tools_and_catalog_byte_identically() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha", "beta", "gamma"]));
        let inner_tools = inner.tools();
        let inner_catalog = inner.tool_catalog();
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), allow_list(&["alpha"]));

        let gated_tools = gated.tools();
        assert_eq!(gated_tools.len(), inner_tools.len());
        for (gated_tool, inner_tool) in gated_tools.iter().zip(inner_tools.iter()) {
            // Same Arc — content AND identity preserved, so the LLM-visible
            // list (and the prompt-cache prefix derived from it) is unchanged.
            assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(gated_tool, inner_tool));
        }
        let gated_catalog = gated.tool_catalog();
        assert_eq!(gated_catalog.len(), inner_catalog.len());
        for (gated_entry, inner_entry) in gated_catalog.iter().zip(inner_catalog.iter()) {
            assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&gated_entry.tool, &inner_entry.tool));
        }
        assert_eq!(
            gated.tool_catalog_capabilities(),
            inner.tool_catalog_capabilities()
        );
        assert_eq!(gated.capabilities(), inner.capabilities());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn gated_dispatcher_denies_plan_resolution_and_resolved_dispatch() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha", "beta"]));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), allow_list(&["alpha"]));
        let args = empty_args();
        let call = ToolCallView {
            id: "call-plan",
            name: "beta",
            args: &args,
        };
        let resolution = crate::ToolExecutionResolutionContext::new(
            crate::ToolDeadlineChain::new(vec![crate::ToolDeadlineContributor::finite(
                crate::ToolDeadlineOwner::CoreToolDispatch,
                std::time::Duration::from_secs(600),
            )])
            .unwrap(),
        );

        let error = gated
            .resolve_execution_plan(call, &ToolDispatchContext::default(), &resolution)
            .expect_err("policy-denied tools must not resolve execution preparation");

        assert_eq!(
            error,
            crate::ToolExecutionResolutionError::AccessDenied {
                tool_name: "beta".to_string(),
            }
        );
        let bypass_plan = crate::ToolExecutionContract::default()
            .resolve_default(resolution.deadlines().clone())
            .expect("test fast plan resolves");
        let dispatch_error = gated
            .dispatch_resolved_with_context(call, &ToolDispatchContext::default(), &bypass_plan)
            .await
            .expect_err("policy gate must be rechecked at resolved dispatch");
        assert!(matches!(dispatch_error, ToolError::AccessDenied { .. }));
        assert!(inner.dispatched().is_empty());
    }

    // ── Allow/deny matrices ──────────────────────────────────────────────

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn allow_list_matrix_permits_listed_denies_rest() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha", "beta"]));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), allow_list(&["alpha"]));

        let outcome = dispatch_named(&gated, "alpha")
            .await
            .expect("allow-listed tool must dispatch");
        assert!(!outcome.result.is_error);

        let err = dispatch_named(&gated, "beta")
            .await
            .expect_err("non-listed known tool must be denied");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolError::access_denied("beta"));
        assert_eq!(err.error_code(), "access_denied");

        // Unknown name blocked by policy stays not_found — the gate must not
        // claim a policy denial for a tool that does not exist.
        let err = dispatch_named(&gated, "missing")
            .await
            .expect_err("unknown tool must not dispatch");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolError::not_found("missing"));

        assert_eq!(inner.dispatched(), vec!["alpha".to_string()]);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn deny_list_matrix_denies_listed_permits_rest() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha", "beta"]));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), deny_list(&["beta"]));

        dispatch_named_with_context(&gated, "alpha")
            .await
            .expect("non-denied tool must dispatch");

        let err = dispatch_named_with_context(&gated, "beta")
            .await
            .expect_err("deny-listed tool must be denied");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolError::access_denied("beta"));

        // Deny-listed name unknown to the inner dispatcher: not_found (the
        // tool does not exist; the policy verdict cannot invent it).
        let gated_ghost =
            ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), deny_list(&["ghost"]));
        let err = dispatch_named(&gated_ghost, "ghost")
            .await
            .expect_err("unknown deny-listed tool must not dispatch");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolError::not_found("ghost"));

        // Unknown name permitted by policy forwards to inner, which reports
        // its own truth (the spy dispatches anything, proving forwarding).
        dispatch_named(&gated, "gamma")
            .await
            .expect("policy-permitted unknown name forwards to inner");
        assert_eq!(
            inner.dispatched(),
            vec!["alpha".to_string(), "gamma".to_string()]
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn memory_search_denied_when_absent_from_allow_list() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["memory_search", "read_file"]));
        let gated =
            ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), allow_list(&["read_file"]));

        let err = dispatch_named(&gated, "memory_search")
            .await
            .expect_err("memory_search absent from allow list must be denied");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolError::access_denied("memory_search"));
        assert!(inner.dispatched().is_empty());
    }

    // ── Read-only intent ─────────────────────────────────────────────────

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn read_only_admits_declared_reads_and_refuses_everything_else() {
        let inner = Arc::new(DeclaringDispatcher::new(
            &[
                ("datetime", ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly),
                ("shell", ToolMutationClass::Mutating),
            ],
            &["mcp_unknown_tool"],
        ));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), read_only());

        let outcome = dispatch_named(&gated, "datetime")
            .await
            .expect("declared read-only tool must dispatch");
        assert!(!outcome.result.is_error);

        let err = dispatch_named(&gated, "shell")
            .await
            .expect_err("declared mutating tool must be denied");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolError::access_denied("shell"));
        assert_eq!(err.error_code(), "access_denied");

        // An undeclared tool (the MCP case) is Unknown, not safe.
        let err = dispatch_named(&gated, "mcp_unknown_tool")
            .await
            .expect_err("undeclared tool must be denied under read-only intent");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolError::access_denied("mcp_unknown_tool"));

        // Mutation check: exactly one call reached the inner dispatcher, so the
        // refusals happened before execution rather than after it.
        assert_eq!(inner.dispatched(), vec!["datetime".to_string()]);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn read_only_refusal_precedes_execution_on_every_dispatch_entry_point() {
        let inner = Arc::new(DeclaringDispatcher::new(
            &[("shell", ToolMutationClass::Mutating)],
            &[],
        ));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), read_only());

        dispatch_named(&gated, "shell")
            .await
            .expect_err("dispatch must deny");
        dispatch_named_with_context(&gated, "shell")
            .await
            .expect_err("dispatch_with_context must deny");
        let args = empty_args();
        let call = ToolCallView {
            id: "call-1",
            name: "shell",
            args: &args,
        };
        let resolution = crate::ToolExecutionResolutionContext::new(
            crate::ToolDeadlineChain::new(vec![crate::ToolDeadlineContributor::finite(
                crate::ToolDeadlineOwner::CoreToolDispatch,
                std::time::Duration::from_secs(600),
            )])
            .expect("deadline chain"),
        );
        gated
            .resolve_execution_plan(call, &ToolDispatchContext::default(), &resolution)
            .expect_err("plan resolution must deny before any execution plan exists");
        assert!(
            inner.dispatched().is_empty(),
            "no read-only denial may reach the inner dispatcher"
        );
    }

    /// The declaration is a property of the owning dispatcher, so a policy
    /// without one in hand must not guess.
    #[test]
    fn read_only_policy_denies_when_no_declaration_is_supplied() {
        let policy = read_only();
        assert!(!policy.permits("datetime"));
        assert!(policy.permits_call("datetime", ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly));
        assert!(!policy.permits_call("datetime", ToolMutationClass::Mutating));
        assert!(!policy.permits_call("datetime", ToolMutationClass::Unknown));
        assert!(policy.is_read_only_intent());
        assert!(!policy.is_unrestricted());
    }

    /// Name-list policies must keep ignoring declarations: a deny-list host
    /// that never opted into read-only intent gets exactly its old behavior.
    #[test]
    fn name_list_policies_ignore_mutation_declarations() {
        assert!(allow_list(&["alpha"]).permits_call("alpha", ToolMutationClass::Mutating));
        assert!(!allow_list(&["alpha"]).permits_call("beta", ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly));
        assert!(deny_list(&["beta"]).permits_call("alpha", ToolMutationClass::Unknown));
        assert!(!deny_list(&["beta"]).permits_call("beta", ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly));
        assert!(
            ToolExecutionPolicy::unrestricted().permits_call("beta", ToolMutationClass::Unknown)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn conjunctive_constraints_never_widen_each_other() {
        let policy = ToolAccessPolicy::AllowList(["a"].into_iter().collect())
            .conjoin(ToolAccessPolicy::ReadOnly)
            .expect("concrete policies conjoin");
        let resolved = ToolExecutionPolicy::resolve(policy).expect("constraints resolve");
        assert!(resolved.permits_call("a", ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly));
        assert!(!resolved.permits_call("a", ToolMutationClass::Mutating));
        assert!(!resolved.permits_call("b", ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly));

        let denied = ToolAccessPolicy::AllowList(["a"].into_iter().collect())
            .conjoin(ToolAccessPolicy::DenyList(["a"].into_iter().collect()))
            .expect("concrete policies conjoin");
        assert!(
            !ToolExecutionPolicy::resolve(denied)
                .expect("constraints resolve")
                .permits_call("a", ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn empty_constraint_set_is_rejected() {
        assert_eq!(
            ToolExecutionPolicy::resolve(ToolAccessPolicy::Constraints(Vec::new()))
                .expect_err("empty constraints are not unrestricted"),
            ToolExecutionPolicyError::EmptyConstraints
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn read_only_gate_keeps_the_llm_visible_tool_list_unchanged() {
        let inner = Arc::new(DeclaringDispatcher::new(
            &[
                ("datetime", ToolMutationClass::ReadOnly),
                ("shell", ToolMutationClass::Mutating),
            ],
            &[],
        ));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), read_only());
        let before: Vec<String> = inner
            .tools()
            .iter()
            .map(|tool| tool.name.to_string())
            .collect();
        let after: Vec<String> = gated
            .tools()
            .iter()
            .map(|tool| tool.name.to_string())
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(
            before, after,
            "read-only gating must not change the prompt-cache prefix"
        );
    }

    // ── Bind survival ────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn bind_ops_lifecycle_rewrap_keeps_gate_and_registry_binding() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha", "beta"]));
        let gated: Arc<ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher<SpyDispatcher>> = Arc::new(
            ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), allow_list(&["alpha"])),
        );
        // Drop the local inner handle so the wrapper holds the only strong
        // reference and the re-wrap dance can take ownership.
        let inner_probe = Arc::downgrade(&inner);
        drop(inner);

        let outcome = gated
            .bind_ops_lifecycle(
                Arc::new(UnsupportedOpsRegistry),
                crate::types::SessionId::new(),
            )
            .expect("bind must succeed through the gate");
        assert!(outcome.was_bound(), "inner binding must be applied");
        let rebound = outcome.into_dispatcher();

        let inner_alive = inner_probe
            .upgrade()
            .expect("inner dispatcher must survive rebind");
        assert!(
            *inner_alive.ops_bound.lock().unwrap(),
            "ops registry binding must reach the inner dispatcher"
        );

        // The gate must survive the re-wrap: denied tool stays denied.
        let err = dispatch_named_with_context(rebound.as_ref(), "beta")
            .await
            .expect_err("gate must survive bind_ops_lifecycle re-wrap");
        assert_eq!(err, ToolError::access_denied("beta"));
        dispatch_named_with_context(rebound.as_ref(), "alpha")
            .await
            .expect("allow-listed tool must still dispatch after re-wrap");
    }

    #[test]
    fn bind_ops_lifecycle_shared_wrapper_reports_shared_ownership() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha"]));
        let gated: Arc<ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher<SpyDispatcher>> = Arc::new(
            ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), allow_list(&["alpha"])),
        );
        let extra_handle = Arc::clone(&gated);
        let err = match gated.bind_ops_lifecycle(
            Arc::new(UnsupportedOpsRegistry),
            crate::types::SessionId::new(),
        ) {
            Ok(_) => panic!("shared wrapper ownership must refuse rebind"),
            Err(err) => err,
        };
        assert_eq!(err, OpsLifecycleBindError::SharedOwnership);
        drop(extra_handle);
    }

    #[test]
    fn both_handle_binds_reach_inner_dispatcher() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha"]));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), allow_list(&["alpha"]));

        gated.bind_mcp_server_lifecycle_handle(Arc::new(NoopMcpLifecycleHandle));
        gated.bind_external_tool_surface_handle(Arc::new(RejectingSurfaceHandle));

        assert_eq!(
            *inner.mcp_handles_bound.lock().unwrap(),
            1,
            "bind_mcp_server_lifecycle_handle must forward to inner"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            *inner.surface_handles_bound.lock().unwrap(),
            1,
            "bind_external_tool_surface_handle must forward to inner"
        );
    }

    struct FixedConsequenceSnapshot {
        verdict: ToolConsequenceVerdict,
    }

    impl ToolConsequencePolicySnapshot for FixedConsequenceSnapshot {
        fn provenance(&self) -> PolicyEvaluationProvenance {
            PolicyEvaluationProvenance {
                revision: PolicyRevision(7),
                digest: PolicyDigest::from_canonical_bytes(b"fixed-test-policy"),
            }
        }

        fn evaluate(&self, _request: &ToolConsequenceRequest) -> ToolConsequenceVerdict {
            self.verdict.clone()
        }
    }

    struct FixedConsequenceProvider {
        provider_id: PolicyProviderId,
        snapshot: Arc<dyn ToolConsequencePolicySnapshot>,
    }

    impl ToolConsequenceNarrowingPolicy for FixedConsequenceProvider {
        fn provider_id(&self) -> &PolicyProviderId {
            &self.provider_id
        }

        fn generation(&self) -> PolicyProviderGeneration {
            PolicyProviderGeneration(1)
        }

        fn snapshot(
            &self,
            _policy_id: &PolicyId,
        ) -> Result<Arc<dyn ToolConsequencePolicySnapshot>, ToolConsequenceFailure> {
            Ok(Arc::clone(&self.snapshot))
        }
    }

    fn bound_consequence_policy(
        verdict: ToolConsequenceVerdict,
        deadline: std::time::Duration,
    ) -> BoundToolConsequencePolicy {
        let provider_id = PolicyProviderId::new("test-provider").expect("provider id");
        let policy_id = PolicyId::new("test-policy").expect("policy id");
        let provider: Arc<dyn ToolConsequenceNarrowingPolicy> =
            Arc::new(FixedConsequenceProvider {
                provider_id: provider_id.clone(),
                snapshot: Arc::new(FixedConsequenceSnapshot { verdict }),
            });
        let registry = Arc::new(
            ToolConsequencePolicyRegistry::new(
                vec![provider],
                PolicyEvaluationSupervisorConfig {
                    workers_per_provider: 1,
                    queue_capacity_per_provider: 1,
                    evaluation_deadline: deadline,
                },
                None,
            )
            .expect("registry"),
        );
        registry
            .bind(
                MobMemberBinding {
                    mob_id: "mob".to_string(),
                    role: "worker".to_string(),
                    member: "member".to_string(),
                },
                provider_id,
                policy_id,
            )
            .expect("binding")
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn application_denial_is_narrow_only_and_never_enters_inner_dispatcher() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha"]));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(
            Arc::clone(&inner),
            ToolExecutionPolicy::unrestricted(),
        )
        .with_consequence_policy(bound_consequence_policy(
            ToolConsequenceVerdict::Deny(ToolConsequenceDenial::new(
                "test_denied",
                "denied by test policy",
            )),
            std::time::Duration::from_millis(100),
        ));

        let error = dispatch_named_with_context(&gated, "alpha")
            .await
            .expect_err("application policy must deny");
        assert!(matches!(error, ToolError::PolicyDenied { .. }));
        assert!(inner.dispatched().is_empty());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn static_denial_precedes_application_policy() {
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha", "beta"]));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(Arc::clone(&inner), allow_list(&["alpha"]))
            .with_consequence_policy(bound_consequence_policy(
                ToolConsequenceVerdict::Allow,
                std::time::Duration::from_millis(100),
            ));

        let error = dispatch_named_with_context(&gated, "beta")
            .await
            .expect_err("static policy must remain authoritative");
        assert_eq!(error, ToolError::access_denied("beta"));
        assert!(inner.dispatched().is_empty());
    }

    struct WedgedConsequenceSnapshot;

    impl ToolConsequencePolicySnapshot for WedgedConsequenceSnapshot {
        fn provenance(&self) -> PolicyEvaluationProvenance {
            PolicyEvaluationProvenance {
                revision: PolicyRevision(1),
                digest: PolicyDigest::from_canonical_bytes(b"wedged"),
            }
        }

        fn evaluate(&self, _request: &ToolConsequenceRequest) -> ToolConsequenceVerdict {
            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
            ToolConsequenceVerdict::Allow
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn wedged_evaluator_deadlines_and_partition_then_fails_fast() {
        let provider_id = PolicyProviderId::new("wedged-provider").expect("provider id");
        let policy_id = PolicyId::new("policy").expect("policy id");
        let provider: Arc<dyn ToolConsequenceNarrowingPolicy> =
            Arc::new(FixedConsequenceProvider {
                provider_id: provider_id.clone(),
                snapshot: Arc::new(WedgedConsequenceSnapshot),
            });
        let registry = Arc::new(
            ToolConsequencePolicyRegistry::new(
                vec![provider],
                PolicyEvaluationSupervisorConfig {
                    workers_per_provider: 1,
                    queue_capacity_per_provider: 1,
                    evaluation_deadline: std::time::Duration::from_millis(5),
                },
                None,
            )
            .expect("registry"),
        );
        let policy = registry
            .bind(
                MobMemberBinding {
                    mob_id: "mob".to_string(),
                    role: "worker".to_string(),
                    member: "member".to_string(),
                },
                provider_id,
                policy_id,
            )
            .expect("binding");
        let inner = Arc::new(SpyDispatcher::new(&["alpha"]));
        let gated = ExecutionPolicyGatedDispatcher::new(
            Arc::clone(&inner),
            ToolExecutionPolicy::unrestricted(),
        )
        .with_consequence_policy(policy);

        let first = dispatch_named_with_context(&gated, "alpha")
            .await
            .expect_err("wedged policy must deadline");
        assert!(matches!(
            first,
            ToolError::PolicyIndeterminate {
                failure: ToolConsequenceFailure::DeadlineExceeded { .. }
            }
        ));
        let second = dispatch_named_with_context(&gated, "alpha")
            .await
            .expect_err("unhealthy partition must fail fast");
        assert!(matches!(
            second,
            ToolError::PolicyIndeterminate {
                failure: ToolConsequenceFailure::MechanicallyUnhealthy { .. }
            }
        ));
        assert!(inner.dispatched().is_empty());
    }
}