media-pp 0.2.0

//! Background tasks that have no pads of their own.
//!
//! A [`Driver`] is a self-contained loop with nothing to push into and
//! nothing to pull out of — whatever it produces or consumes it does through
//! `Sink`/`Source` pairs it mints on the side, the way a WebRTC peer hands out
//! per-track endpoints. [`DriverRunner`] runs one on a background thread.
//!
//! This is the deliberately smaller sibling of
//! [`Pipeline`](crate::pipeline::Pipeline): no clock, no pause, no seek, no
//! wiring callback, none of which mean anything for a connection that is not
//! part of a dataflow graph. Anything that does have pads to wire belongs
//! there instead.

use std::{
    sync::{
        Arc, Mutex,
        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
    },
    thread,
};

use crate::{
    bus::{Bus, BusEvent, BusReceiver},
    element::Element,
    error::{Result, ThreadSpawnError},
};

/// Checked, not blocked on: a [`Driver`] owns a single self-contained loop
/// with no downstream dataflow graph to cascade a stop through (unlike
/// [`crate::pipeline::Pipeline`]'s `control` channel, which has to reach
/// every `Sink` a `Queue` boundary away before it can call `Stop` fully
/// handled). So [`DriverRunner::stop`] just flips a flag instead of
/// sending something that has to be received and acked — nothing here can
/// reproduce the deadlock that pattern is prone to when a receiver can
/// legitimately go away without ever looping back to check it (see
/// `Pipeline`'s own `control_rx` field docs for that history). Callers
/// that need to know `run` has actually finished watch
/// [`DriverRunner::bus`] instead, same convention as `Pipeline`.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct StopReceiver {
    flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
}

impl StopReceiver {
    /// Returns whether the owning [`DriverRunner`] has requested shutdown.
    pub fn is_stopped(&self) -> bool {
        self.flag.load(Ordering::Acquire)
    }
}

/// A background task with no `Sink`/`Source` ports of its own — nothing to
/// push into, nothing to pull out of *this* object; whatever it produces
/// or consumes happens through other `Sink`/`Source` pairs it mints on the
/// side (e.g. `WebRtcPeer` handing out
/// `WebRtcTrackSink`/`WebRtcTrackSource`). Reach for
/// [`crate::pipeline::Pipeline`]/[`crate::element::SourceElement`] instead
/// for anything that actually has a `src_pads()` dataflow graph to wire —
/// `Driver` deliberately has no `Pause`/`Seek`/`Clock`, none of which have
/// a sensible meaning for a connection that isn't part of one.
pub trait Driver: Element {
    /// Drives this task until it ends on its own or `stop.is_stopped()`
    /// says to abandon — check it periodically, the same spirit as
    /// [`crate::control::drain_control`] for a
    /// [`crate::element::SourceElement`]. `bus` is this task's own way to
    /// report a failure without necessarily ending itself over it — see
    /// [`crate::element::SourceElement::run`]'s docs for the same
    /// convention.
    fn run(&mut self, stop: &StopReceiver, bus: &Bus) -> Result<()>;
}

/// Runs a [`Driver`] on its own background thread — the `Driver` analog of
/// [`crate::pipeline::Pipeline`], minus everything that only makes sense
/// for a dataflow graph (`Clock`, `Pause`, `Seek`, the `wire` callback).
///
/// `run()` is asynchronous, same as `Pipeline::run`: it starts the driver
/// on a background thread and returns immediately, or returns a
/// [`ThreadSpawnError`](crate::error::ThreadSpawnError) if the worker cannot
/// be created. Watch
/// [`DriverRunner::bus`] to learn when it's actually done — draining it
/// blocks until every `Bus` sender has been dropped. The built-in drivers
/// keep that sender only for the duration of their background `run` call,
/// so this normally coincides with thread completion; a custom `Driver`
/// that clones and retains `bus` extends the wait until its clone drops.
pub struct DriverRunner {
    driver: Mutex<Option<Box<dyn Driver>>>,
    bus: Mutex<Option<Bus>>,
    stop_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    bus_rx: BusReceiver,
    running: AtomicBool,
}

impl DriverRunner {
    /// Wraps `driver` in a stopped runner ready for one call to [`Self::run`].
    pub fn new(driver: impl Driver + 'static) -> Arc<Self> {
        let (bus, bus_rx) = Bus::new();
        Arc::new(DriverRunner {
            driver: Mutex::new(Some(Box::new(driver))),
            bus: Mutex::new(Some(bus)),
            stop_flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            bus_rx,
            running: AtomicBool::new(false),
        })
    }

    /// Returns the receiver used to observe driver errors and completion.
    pub fn bus(&self) -> &BusReceiver {
        &self.bus_rx
    }

    /// Starts driving the task on a background thread and returns
    /// immediately. A no-op if this `DriverRunner` is already running or
    /// has already finished a previous run — same posture as
    /// [`crate::pipeline::Pipeline::run`], not reusable afterward.
    /// Returns a typed error if the worker thread cannot be created.
    pub fn run(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<()> {
        self.run_with_spawner(|thread_name, task| {
            thread::Builder::new().name(thread_name).spawn(task)
        })
    }

    fn run_with_spawner(
        self: &Arc<Self>,
        spawn: impl FnOnce(
            String,
            Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send + 'static>,
        ) -> std::io::Result<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let Some(mut driver) = self.driver.lock().unwrap().take() else {
            return Ok(());
        };
        let Some(bus) = self.bus.lock().unwrap().take() else {
            return Ok(());
        };

        self.running.store(true, Ordering::Release);
        let stop = StopReceiver {
            flag: self.stop_flag.clone(),
        };
        // A `Weak` back-reference, not `Arc::clone(self)`: the thread only
        // needs it to flip `running` back off when the driver returns, and
        // holding a strong ref here would mean the last *external*
        // `Arc<DriverRunner>` going away could never bring the strong count
        // to zero — `Drop` would never run, and nothing would ever flip
        // `stop_flag` for a caller that just drops its handle (see `Drop`
        // below, which depends on this being a `Weak`).
        let this = Arc::downgrade(self);
        let thread_name = "driver".to_owned();
        let spawn_result = spawn(
            thread_name.clone(),
            Box::new(move || {
                let name = driver.name();
                let element_type = driver.element_type();
                if let Err(error) = driver.run(&stop, &bus) {
                    bus.post(
                        driver.pp_log(),
                        BusEvent::Error {
                            element_type,
                            name,
                            error,
                        },
                    );
                }
                if let Some(this) = this.upgrade() {
                    this.running.store(false, Ordering::Release);
                }
            }),
        );
        if let Err(source) = spawn_result {
            self.running.store(false, Ordering::Release);
            return Err(ThreadSpawnError::new(thread_name, source).into());
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Requests an early stop — see [`StopReceiver`]'s own docs for why
    /// this never blocks. A no-op if `run()` isn't currently in progress.
    pub fn stop(&self) {
        if !self.running.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
            return;
        }
        self.stop_flag.store(true, Ordering::Release);
    }
}

impl Drop for DriverRunner {
    /// Same posture as [`crate::pipeline::Pipeline`]'s own `Drop`: dropping
    /// the last handle stops the background work instead of leaking it.
    /// Sets the flag directly rather than through `stop()` — by the time
    /// this runs there's no `Arc<Self>` left to reach `&self` through one,
    /// only the raw fields still being torn down.
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.stop_flag.store(true, Ordering::Release);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::{sync::mpsc, time::Duration};

    use crate::pp_log::PpLog;

    use super::*;
    use crate::element::{Element, ElementType, element_pp_log};

    struct LoopingDriver {
        pp_log: PpLog,
        started: mpsc::Sender<()>,
        stopped: mpsc::Sender<()>,
    }

    impl Element for LoopingDriver {
        fn name(&self) -> Arc<str> {
            "looping".into()
        }

        fn element_type(&self) -> ElementType {
            ElementType::Other
        }

        fn pp_log(&self) -> &PpLog {
            &self.pp_log
        }

        fn pp_log_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PpLog {
            &mut self.pp_log
        }
    }

    impl Driver for LoopingDriver {
        fn run(&mut self, stop: &StopReceiver, _bus: &Bus) -> Result<()> {
            let _ = self.started.send(());
            while !stop.is_stopped() {
                thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
            }
            let _ = self.stopped.send(());
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    /// Regression test: `run()` used to keep its own strong `Arc<Self>`
    /// clone alive on the background thread for the entire loop, so the
    /// last *external* handle going out of scope never actually dropped
    /// the `DriverRunner` — `stop_flag` was never set, and the thread (and
    /// whatever socket/session it holds) ran forever. `run` now hands the
    /// thread a `Weak` instead, so this drop must reach `Drop::drop`.
    #[test]
    fn dropping_the_last_handle_stops_the_background_thread() {
        let (started_tx, started_rx) = mpsc::channel();
        let (stopped_tx, stopped_rx) = mpsc::channel();
        let runner = DriverRunner::new(LoopingDriver {
            started: started_tx,
            stopped: stopped_tx,
            pp_log: element_pp_log(ElementType::Other, "looping", None),
        });
        runner.run().unwrap();
        started_rx
            .recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(1))
            .expect("driver should start");

        drop(runner);

        stopped_rx
            .recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(1))
            .expect("dropping the last DriverRunner handle should stop the background thread");
    }

    #[test]
    fn thread_spawn_failure_is_returned_and_runner_is_not_left_running() {
        let (started_tx, started_rx) = mpsc::channel();
        let (stopped_tx, _stopped_rx) = mpsc::channel();
        let runner = DriverRunner::new(LoopingDriver {
            started: started_tx,
            stopped: stopped_tx,
            pp_log: element_pp_log(ElementType::Other, "looping", None),
        });

        let error = runner
            .run_with_spawner(|_thread_name, _task| {
                Err(std::io::Error::other("injected spawn failure"))
            })
            .expect_err("the injected spawn failure must be returned");

        assert!(matches!(error, crate::Error::ThreadSpawnError(_)));
        assert!(!runner.running.load(Ordering::Acquire));
        assert!(started_rx.try_recv().is_err());
    }
}