matrixmultiply 0.3.10

General matrix multiplication for f32 and f64 matrices. Operates on matrices with general layout (they can use arbitrary row and column stride). Detects and uses AVX or SSE2 on x86 platforms transparently for higher performance. Uses a microkernel strategy, so that the implementation is easy to parallelize and optimize. Supports multithreading.
Documentation
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//! Run this executable to benchmark sgemm and dgemm for arbitrary size matrices
//! See --help for usage examples.  Remember to run in release mode.

extern crate itertools;
extern crate matrixmultiply;

use std::cell::Cell;
use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::time::Instant;

use itertools::zip;
use itertools::Itertools;

include!("../testdefs/testdefs.rs");

enum Arg {
    Flag { long: &'static str },
    Value { long: &'static str },
}

impl Arg {
    fn is_flag(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            Arg::Flag { .. } => true,
            Arg::Value { .. } => false,
        }
    }

    fn long(&self) -> &str {
        use Arg::*;
        match *self {
            Flag { long, .. } | Value { long, .. } => long,
        }
    }
}

struct Argparse<'a> {
    spec: &'a [&'a Arg],
    // true: this arg has already been parsed, false: unused
    used: Vec<Cell<bool>>,
    args: Vec<String>,
}

// Simple argument parser
impl<'a> Argparse<'a> {
    pub fn new(spec: &'a [&'a Arg], args: impl IntoIterator<Item=String>) -> Self {
        let strings: Vec<_> = args.into_iter().collect();
        Argparse {
            spec,
            used: vec![Cell::new(false); strings.len()],
            args: strings,
        }
    }
    
    fn get_arg(&self, long: &str) -> Option<(bool, &str)> {
        self.used[0].set(true);
        let arg_spec = self.spec.iter().find(|arg| arg.long() == long).expect("No such argument");
        for (i, arg) in self.args.iter().enumerate() {
            if self.used[i].get() {
                continue;
            }

            let arg_long = arg_spec.long();
            if arg.starts_with("--") {
                if arg[2..].starts_with(arg_long) {
                    /* has arg */
                    self.used[i].set(true);
                    if arg_spec.is_flag() {
                        return Some((false, ""));
                    }

                    if arg[2 + arg_long.len()..].is_empty() && self.args.len() > i + 1 {
                        self.used[i + 1].set(true);
                        return Some((true, &self.args[i + 1]));
                    } else {
                        return Some((true, &arg[3 + arg_long.len()..]))
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        None
    }


    pub fn get_flag(&self, long: &str) -> Option<bool> {
        self.get_arg(long).map(|_| true)
    }

    pub fn get_string(&self, long: &str) -> Option<&str> {
        self.get_arg(long).map(|(_, arg)| arg)
    }

    pub fn check_usage(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
        for (i, arg) in self.args.iter().enumerate() {
            if !self.used[i].get() && arg.starts_with("-") {
                return Err(format!("Unknown argument {:?}", arg));
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn next_positional_int(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        for (i, arg) in self.args.iter().enumerate() {
            if !self.used[i].get() {
                self.used[i].set(true);
                return Some(arg.parse::<u64>().unwrap())
            }
        }
        None
    }
}


fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
    run_main(std::env::args())
}

fn run_main(args: impl IntoIterator<Item=String>) -> Result<(), String> {
    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
    eprintln!("Warning: running benchmark with debug assertions");

    let opts = match parse_args(args) {
        Ok(o) => o,
        Err(e) => {
            eprintln!("Usage: <command> [--type <type>] [--layout <layout>] [--csv]  m-size k-size n-size");
            eprintln!();
            eprintln!("Where <type> is one of: f32, f64, c32, c64");
            eprintln!("Where <layout> is 3 letters from c, f like: ccc fcc fff");
            eprintln!();
            eprintln!("Example: <command> --type f64 --layout fcf 1000 1000 1000");
            eprintln!();
            eprintln!("csv headers: m,k,n,layout,type,average_ns,minimum_ns,median_ns,samples,gflops");
            eprintln!();
            return Err(format!("Error parsing arguments: {}", e));
        }
    };

    match opts.use_type {
        UseType::F32 => test_matrix::<f32>(opts.m, opts.k, opts.n, opts.layout, opts.use_csv, opts.use_type, &opts.extra_column),
        UseType::F64 => test_matrix::<f64>(opts.m, opts.k, opts.n, opts.layout, opts.use_csv, opts.use_type, &opts.extra_column),
        #[cfg(feature="cgemm")]
        UseType::C32 => test_matrix::<c32>(opts.m, opts.k, opts.n, opts.layout, opts.use_csv, opts.use_type, &opts.extra_column),
        #[cfg(feature="cgemm")]
        UseType::C64 => test_matrix::<c64>(opts.m, opts.k, opts.n, opts.layout, opts.use_csv, opts.use_type, &opts.extra_column),
        #[cfg(not(feature="cgemm"))]
        _otherwise => unimplemented!("cgemm feature missing"),
    }
    Ok(())
}

#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
enum UseType {
    F32,
    F64,
    C32,
    C64,
}

impl UseType {
    fn type_name(self) -> &'static str {
        use UseType::*;
        match self {
            F32 => "f32",
            F64 => "f64",
            C32 => "c32",
            C64 => "c64",
        }
    }
    fn flop_factor(self) -> f64 {
        match self {
            // estimate one multiply and one addition
            UseType::F32 | UseType::F64 => 2.,
            // (P + Qi)(R + Si) = ..
            // estimate 8 flop (4 float multiplies and 4 additions).
            UseType::C32 | UseType::C64 => 8.,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for UseType {
    fn default() -> Self { Self::F64 }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
struct Options {
    m: usize,
    k: usize,
    n: usize,
    layout: [Layout; 3],
    use_type: UseType,
    use_csv: bool,
    extra_column: Option<String>,
}

fn parse_args(args: impl IntoIterator<Item=String>) -> Result<Options, String> {
    let mut opts = Options::default();
    //./target/release/examples/benchmark 1280 1280 1280 c64 fcf
    let parse = Argparse::new(&[
        &Arg::Flag { long: "csv" },
        &Arg::Value { long: "layout" },
        &Arg::Value { long: "type" },
        &Arg::Value { long: "extra-column" },
    ], args);

    opts.use_type = match parse.get_string("type") {
        Some("f32") => UseType::F32,
        Some("f64") => UseType::F64,
        Some("c32") => UseType::C32,
        Some("c64") => UseType::C64,
        Some(_otherwise) => return Err("Unknown type".to_string()),
        None => UseType::F64,
    };
    if let Some(layout) = parse.get_string("layout") {
        if layout.len() != 3 || !layout.chars().all(|c| c == 'c' || c == 'f') {
            Err(format!("Unknown argument {}", layout))?;
        }
        for (elt, layout_arg) in zip(&mut opts.layout[..], layout.chars())
        {
            *elt = if layout_arg == 'c' { Layout::C } else { Layout::F };
        }
    }
    opts.use_csv = parse.get_flag("csv").is_some();
    opts.extra_column = parse.get_string("extra-column").map(|s| s.to_string());

    parse.check_usage()?;

    opts.m = parse.next_positional_int().ok_or("Expected argument".to_string())? as usize;
    opts.k = parse.next_positional_int().ok_or("Expected argument".to_string())? as usize;
    opts.n = parse.next_positional_int().ok_or("Expected argument".to_string())? as usize;

    Ok(opts)
}

//
// Custom stride tests
//

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
enum Layout { C, F }
use self::Layout::*;

impl Layout {
    fn strides_scaled(self, m: usize, n: usize, scale: [usize; 2]) -> (isize, isize) {
        match self {
            C => ((n * scale[0] * scale[1]) as isize, scale[1] as isize),
            F => (scale[0] as isize, (m * scale[1] * scale[0]) as isize),
        }
    }
}

impl Default for Layout {
    fn default() -> Self { C }
}


fn test_matrix<F>(m: usize, k: usize, n: usize, layouts: [Layout; 3],
                  use_csv: bool, use_type: UseType, extra: &Option<String>)
    where F: Gemm + Float
{
    let (m, k, n) = (m, k, n);

    // stride multipliers
    let stride_multipliers = vec![[1, 1], [1, 1], [1, 1]];
    let mstridea = stride_multipliers[0];
    let mstrideb = stride_multipliers[1];
    let mstridec = stride_multipliers[2];

    let mut a = vec![F::zero(); m * k * mstridea[0] * mstridea[1]]; 
    let mut b = vec![F::zero(); k * n * mstrideb[0] * mstrideb[1]];
    let mut c1 = vec![F::zero(); m * n * mstridec[0] * mstridec[1]];

    for (i, elt) in a.iter_mut().enumerate() {
        *elt = F::from(i as i64);
    }

    for (i, elt) in b.iter_mut().enumerate() {
        *elt = F::from(i as i64);
    }

    let la = layouts[0];
    let lb = layouts[1];
    let lc1 = layouts[2];
    let (rs_a, cs_a) = la.strides_scaled(m, k, mstridea);
    let (rs_b, cs_b) = lb.strides_scaled(k, n, mstrideb);
    let (rs_c1, cs_c1) = lc1.strides_scaled(m, n, mstridec);

    if !use_csv {
        println!("Test matrix a : {} × {} layout: {:?} strides {}, {}", m, k, la, rs_a, cs_a);
        println!("Test matrix b : {} × {} layout: {:?} strides {}, {}", k, n, lb, rs_b, cs_b);
        println!("Test matrix c : {} × {} layout: {:?} strides {}, {}", m, n, lc1, rs_c1, cs_c1);
    }

    let statistics = measure(10, use_csv, || {
        unsafe {
            // C1 = A B
            F::gemm(
                m, k, n,
                F::from(1),
                a.as_ptr(), rs_a, cs_a,
                b.as_ptr(), rs_b, cs_b,
                F::zero(),
                c1.as_mut_ptr(), rs_c1, cs_c1,
            );
        }
    });

    let gflop = use_type.flop_factor() * (m as f64 * n as f64 * k as f64) / statistics.average as f64;
    if !use_csv {
        print!("{}×{}×{} {:?} {} .. {} ns", m, k, n, layouts, use_type.type_name(),
               fmt_thousands_sep(statistics.average, " "));
        print!(" [minimum: {} ns .. median {} ns .. sample count {}]", 
               fmt_thousands_sep(statistics.minimum, " "),
               fmt_thousands_sep(statistics.median, " "),
               statistics.samples.len());
        // by flop / s = 2 M N K / time
        print!("    {:.2} Gflop/s", gflop);
        println!();
    } else {
        print!("{},{},{},", m, k, n);
        print!("{:?},", layouts.iter().format(""));
        print!("{},", use_type.type_name());
        print!("{},{},{},{},", statistics.average, statistics.minimum, statistics.median,
               statistics.samples.len());
        print!("{}", gflop);
        if let Some(extra) = extra {
            print!(",{}", extra);
        }
        println!();
    }

}

#[derive(Default, Debug)]
struct Statistics {
    samples: Vec<u64>,
    samples_sorted: Vec<u64>,
    average: u64,
    median: u64,
    minimum: u64,
}

const OUTLIER_HIGH_PCT: usize = 25;
//const OUTLIER_LOW_PCT: usize = 10;

fn measure(max_samples: usize, quiet: bool, mut function: impl FnMut()) -> Statistics {
    let mut statistics = Statistics::default();
    statistics.samples.reserve(max_samples);
    let mut goal_samples = max_samples;
    let start_batch = Instant::now();
    let mut print_each = false;
    while statistics.samples.len() < goal_samples {
        for _ in 0..goal_samples {
            let start = Instant::now();
            function();
            let dur = start.elapsed();
            let elapsed_ns = dur.as_secs() * 1_000_000_000 + dur.subsec_nanos() as u64;
            statistics.samples.push(elapsed_ns);
            print_each |= dur.as_secs() >= 1;
            if !quiet && print_each {
                println!("    {}", fmt_thousands_sep(elapsed_ns, " "));
            }
        }
        let batch_dur = start_batch.elapsed();
        if batch_dur.as_millis() < 1000 {
            goal_samples *= 5;
        }
    }
    let nsamples = statistics.samples.len();
    let nsamples_winnow = nsamples - (nsamples * OUTLIER_HIGH_PCT) / 100;
    statistics.samples_sorted = statistics.samples.clone();
    // sort low to high
    statistics.samples_sorted.sort_unstable();
    statistics.samples_sorted.truncate(nsamples_winnow);
    statistics.average = (statistics.samples_sorted.iter().sum::<u64>() as f64 /
                          (nsamples_winnow as f64)) as u64;
    statistics.minimum = statistics.samples_sorted[0];
    statistics.median = statistics.samples_sorted[nsamples_winnow / 2];
    statistics
}

// Format a number with thousands separators
fn fmt_thousands_sep(mut n: u64, sep: &str) -> String {
    use std::fmt::Write;
    let mut output = String::new();
    let mut trailing = false;
    for &pow in &[12, 9, 6, 3, 0] {
        let base = 10_u64.pow(pow);
        if pow == 0 || trailing || n / base != 0 {
            if !trailing {
                output.write_fmt(format_args!("{}", n / base)).unwrap();
            } else {
                output.write_fmt(format_args!("{:03}", n / base)).unwrap();
            }
            if pow != 0 {
                output.push_str(sep);
            }
            trailing = true;
        }
        n %= base;
    }

    output
}

#[test]
fn test_benchmark() {
    run_main("ignored 128 128 128 f64 fcc".split_whitespace().map(str::to_string)).unwrap();
}