mathhook-core 0.2.0

Core mathematical engine for MathHook - expressions, algebra, and solving
Documentation
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use std::ops::Neg;
use crate::core::{Expression, Symbol};
use crate::parser::constants::{resolve_special_function, resolve_standard_function, resolve_wolfram_function, pascal_to_snake_case};
use crate::parser::cache;
use crate::core::expression::RelationType;
grammar;

match {
    // ===== TIER 1: ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY (>10% of tokens) =====
    "+" => PLUS,        // ~15% of all mathematical tokens
    "-" => MINUS,       // ~12% of all tokens
    "*" => MULTIPLY,    // ~10% of all tokens

    // ===== TIER 2: HIGH FREQUENCY (5-10% of tokens) =====
    "(" => LPAREN,      // ~8% of all tokens
    ")" => RPAREN,      // ~8% of all tokens
    "^" => POWER,       // ~6% of all tokens
    "=" => EQUALS,      // ~5% of all tokens

    // ===== TIER 3: MEDIUM FREQUENCY (1-5% of tokens) =====
    "/" => DIVIDE,      // ~4% of all tokens
    "," => COMMA,       // ~3% of all tokens
    "{" => LBRACE,      // ~2% of all tokens
    "}" => RBRACE,      // ~2% of all tokens
    "[" => LBRACKET,    // ~1.5% of all tokens
    "]" => RBRACKET,    // ~1.5% of all tokens
    "!" => FACTORIAL,   // ~1% of all tokens
    "|" => PIPE,        // ~1% of all tokens

    // ===== TIER 4: RELATIONS AND OPERATORS (0.5-1% of tokens) =====
    "==" => DOUBLE_EQUALS,
    "!=" => NOT_EQUALS,
    "<" => LESS,
    "<=" => LESS_EQUAL,
    ">" => GREATER,
    ">=" => GREATER_EQUAL,

    // ===== TIER 5: DELIMITERS AND SPECIAL TOKENS (0.1-0.5% of tokens) =====
    "->" => ARROW,
    "d" => DIFFERENTIAL,
    "_" => SUBSCRIPT,
    ";" => SEMICOLON,  // Phase 1: For continued fractions
    "." => DOT,        // For method calls: matrix.det()

    // ===== UNICODE MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS =====
    // Basic operators
    "×" => UNICODE_TIMES,
    "÷" => UNICODE_DIVIDE,
    "·" => UNICODE_CDOT,
    "±" => UNICODE_PM,
    "∓" => UNICODE_MP,
    "∗" => UNICODE_AST,
    "∘" => UNICODE_CIRC,
    "∙" => UNICODE_BULLET,
    "⊗" => UNICODE_OTIMES,
    "⊘" => UNICODE_OSLASH,
    "⊙" => UNICODE_ODOT,
    "∧" => UNICODE_WEDGE,
    "∨" => UNICODE_VEE,
    "∩" => UNICODE_CAP,
    "∪" => UNICODE_CUP,

    // Relations
    "≠" => UNICODE_NOT_EQUAL,
    "≈" => UNICODE_APPROX,
    "≡" => UNICODE_EQUIV,
    "≤" => UNICODE_LEQ,
    "≥" => UNICODE_GEQ,
    "≪" => UNICODE_MUCH_LESS,
    "≫" => UNICODE_MUCH_GREATER,
    "∼" => UNICODE_SIMILAR,
    "≅" => UNICODE_CONGRUENT,
    "∝" => UNICODE_PROPORTIONAL,

    // Set theory
    "∈" => UNICODE_IN,
    "∉" => UNICODE_NOTIN,
    "⊂" => UNICODE_SUBSET,
    "⊃" => UNICODE_SUPSET,
    "⊆" => UNICODE_SUBSETEQ,
    "⊇" => UNICODE_SUPSETEQ,
    "∅" => UNICODE_EMPTY_SET,
    "∀" => UNICODE_FORALL,
    "∃" => UNICODE_EXISTS,
    "∄" => UNICODE_NOT_EXISTS,

    // Logic
    "¬" => UNICODE_NOT,
    "→" => UNICODE_IMPLIES,
    "⇒" => UNICODE_DOUBLE_ARROW_RIGHT,
    "⇐" => UNICODE_DOUBLE_ARROW_LEFT,
    "⇔" => UNICODE_IFF,
    "↔" => UNICODE_LEFTRIGHTARROW,
    "←" => UNICODE_LEFT_ARROW,
    "↑" => UNICODE_UP_ARROW,
    "↓" => UNICODE_DOWN_ARROW,
    "↦" => UNICODE_MAPS_TO,

    // Calculus and analysis
    "∞" => UNICODE_INFINITY,
    "∂" => UNICODE_PARTIAL,
    "∇" => UNICODE_NABLA,
    "∫" => UNICODE_INTEGRAL,
    "∬" => UNICODE_DOUBLE_INTEGRAL,
    "∭" => UNICODE_TRIPLE_INTEGRAL,
    "∮" => UNICODE_CONTOUR_INTEGRAL,
    "∯" => UNICODE_SURFACE_INTEGRAL,
    "∰" => UNICODE_VOLUME_INTEGRAL,
    "∏" => UNICODE_PRODUCT,
    "∐" => UNICODE_COPRODUCT,
    "∑" => UNICODE_SUMMATION,

    // Roots
    "√" => UNICODE_SQRT,
    "∛" => UNICODE_CBRT,
    "∜" => UNICODE_FOURTH_ROOT,

    // Misc operators
    "⊕" => UNICODE_OPLUS,
    "⊖" => UNICODE_OMINUS,
    "⊞" => UNICODE_BOXPLUS,
    "⊟" => UNICODE_BOXMINUS,
    "⊠" => UNICODE_BOXTIMES,
    "⊡" => UNICODE_BOXDOT,
    "△" => UNICODE_TRIANGLE,
    "▽" => UNICODE_NABLA_TRIANGLE,
    "∆" => UNICODE_INCREMENT,
    "□" => UNICODE_BOX,
    "◊" => UNICODE_DIAMOND,
    "⋅" => UNICODE_DOT_OPERATOR,
    "⊢" => UNICODE_PROVES,
    "⊣" => UNICODE_PROVABLE,
    "⊤" => UNICODE_TOP,
    "⊥" => UNICODE_BOTTOM,
    "⊺" => UNICODE_TRANSPOSE,
    "∎" => UNICODE_QED,
    "∴" => UNICODE_THEREFORE,
    "∵" => UNICODE_BECAUSE,
    "∠" => UNICODE_ANGLE,
    "∡" => UNICODE_MEASURED_ANGLE,
    "∢" => UNICODE_SPHERICAL_ANGLE,
    "⊿" => UNICODE_RIGHT_TRIANGLE,
    "⌈" => UNICODE_CEIL_LEFT,
    "⌉" => UNICODE_CEIL_RIGHT,
    "⌊" => UNICODE_FLOOR_LEFT,
    "⌋" => UNICODE_FLOOR_RIGHT,
    "⟨" => UNICODE_LANGLE,
    "⟩" => UNICODE_RANGLE,

    // Additional arrows
    "⇄" => UNICODE_RIGHTLEFT_ARROWS,
    "⇆" => UNICODE_LEFTRIGHT_ARROWS,
    "⇋" => UNICODE_LEFTRIGHT_HARPOON,
    "⇌" => UNICODE_RIGHTLEFT_HARPOON,
    "↣" => UNICODE_INJECTION,
    "↠" => UNICODE_SURJECTION,
    "⇀" => UNICODE_RIGHTHARPOON,
    "↼" => UNICODE_LEFTHARPOON,
    "⇁" => UNICODE_RIGHTHARPOON_OVER,
    "↽" => UNICODE_LEFTHARPOON_OVER,

    // Superscript digits (for exponents)
    "⁰" => SUPER_ZERO,
    "¹" => SUPER_ONE,
    "²" => SUPER_TWO,
    "³" => SUPER_THREE,
    "⁴" => SUPER_FOUR,
    "⁵" => SUPER_FIVE,
    "⁶" => SUPER_SIX,
    "⁷" => SUPER_SEVEN,
    "⁸" => SUPER_EIGHT,
    "⁹" => SUPER_NINE,
    "⁺" => SUPER_PLUS,
    "⁻" => SUPER_MINUS,
    "⁼" => SUPER_EQUALS,
    "⁽" => SUPER_LPAREN,
    "⁾" => SUPER_RPAREN,
    "ⁿ" => SUPER_N,
    "ⁱ" => SUPER_I,

    // Subscript digits
    "₀" => SUB_ZERO,
    "₁" => SUB_ONE,
    "₂" => SUB_TWO,
    "₃" => SUB_THREE,
    "₄" => SUB_FOUR,
    "₅" => SUB_FIVE,
    "₆" => SUB_SIX,
    "₇" => SUB_SEVEN,
    "₈" => SUB_EIGHT,
    "₉" => SUB_NINE,
    "₊" => SUB_PLUS,
    "₋" => SUB_MINUS,
    "₌" => SUB_EQUALS,
    "₍" => SUB_LPAREN,
    "₎" => SUB_RPAREN,
    "ₐ" => SUB_A,
    "ₑ" => SUB_E,
    "ₕ" => SUB_H,
    "ᵢ" => SUB_I,
    "ⱼ" => SUB_J,
    "ₖ" => SUB_K,
    "ₗ" => SUB_L,
    "ₘ" => SUB_M,
    "ₙ" => SUB_N,
    "ₒ" => SUB_O,
    "ₚ" => SUB_P,
    "ᵣ" => SUB_R,
    "ₛ" => SUB_S,
    "ₜ" => SUB_T,
    "ᵤ" => SUB_U,
    "ᵥ" => SUB_V,
    "ₓ" => SUB_X,

    // ===== UNICODE GREEK LETTERS (LOWERCASE) =====
    "α" => UNICODE_ALPHA,
    "β" => UNICODE_BETA,
    "γ" => UNICODE_GAMMA,
    "δ" => UNICODE_DELTA,
    "ε" => UNICODE_EPSILON,
    "ζ" => UNICODE_ZETA,
    "η" => UNICODE_ETA,
    "θ" => UNICODE_THETA,
    "ι" => UNICODE_IOTA,
    "κ" => UNICODE_KAPPA,
    "λ" => UNICODE_LAMBDA,
    "μ" => UNICODE_MU,
    "ν" => UNICODE_NU,
    "ξ" => UNICODE_XI,
    "ο" => UNICODE_OMICRON,
    "π" => UNICODE_PI,
    "ρ" => UNICODE_RHO,
    "ς" => UNICODE_FINAL_SIGMA,
    "σ" => UNICODE_SIGMA,
    "τ" => UNICODE_TAU,
    "υ" => UNICODE_UPSILON,
    "φ" => UNICODE_PHI,
    "χ" => UNICODE_CHI,
    "ψ" => UNICODE_PSI,
    "ω" => UNICODE_OMEGA,

    // Greek variants
    "ϑ" => UNICODE_THETA_SYMBOL,
    "ϕ" => UNICODE_PHI_SYMBOL,
    "ϖ" => UNICODE_PI_SYMBOL,
    "ϰ" => UNICODE_KAPPA_SYMBOL,
    "ϱ" => UNICODE_RHO_SYMBOL,
    "ϵ" => UNICODE_EPSILON_SYMBOL,
    "ϝ" => UNICODE_DIGAMMA,

    // ===== UNICODE GREEK LETTERS (UPPERCASE) =====
    "Α" => UNICODE_ALPHA_UPPER,
    "Β" => UNICODE_BETA_UPPER,
    "Γ" => UNICODE_GAMMA_UPPER,
    "Δ" => UNICODE_DELTA_UPPER,
    "Ε" => UNICODE_EPSILON_UPPER,
    "Ζ" => UNICODE_ZETA_UPPER,
    "Η" => UNICODE_ETA_UPPER,
    "Θ" => UNICODE_THETA_UPPER,
    "Ι" => UNICODE_IOTA_UPPER,
    "Κ" => UNICODE_KAPPA_UPPER,
    "Λ" => UNICODE_LAMBDA_UPPER,
    "Μ" => UNICODE_MU_UPPER,
    "Ν" => UNICODE_NU_UPPER,
    "Ξ" => UNICODE_XI_UPPER,
    "Ο" => UNICODE_OMICRON_UPPER,
    "Π" => UNICODE_PI_UPPER,
    "Ρ" => UNICODE_RHO_UPPER,
    "Σ" => UNICODE_SIGMA_UPPER,
    "Τ" => UNICODE_TAU_UPPER,
    "Υ" => UNICODE_UPSILON_UPPER,
    "Φ" => UNICODE_PHI_UPPER,
    "Χ" => UNICODE_CHI_UPPER,
    "Ψ" => UNICODE_PSI_UPPER,
    "Ω" => UNICODE_OMEGA_UPPER,

    // ===== SPECIAL UNICODE CONSTANTS =====
    "ℯ" => UNICODE_E,          // Euler's number
    "ℇ" => UNICODE_EULER_CONST, // Euler constant
    "ℏ" => UNICODE_HBAR,       // Reduced Planck constant
    "ℎ" => UNICODE_PLANCK,     // Planck constant
    "ℓ" => UNICODE_ELL,        // Script small l
    "℘" => UNICODE_WEIERSTRASS, // Weierstrass p
    "ℜ" => UNICODE_REAL_PART,  // Real part
    "ℑ" => UNICODE_IMAGINARY_PART, // Imaginary part
    "ℵ" => UNICODE_ALEPH,      // Aleph
    "ℶ" => UNICODE_BETH,       // Beth
    "ℷ" => UNICODE_GIMEL,      // Gimel
    "ℸ" => UNICODE_DALET,      // Dalet

    // Double-struck letters (number sets)
    "ℂ" => UNICODE_COMPLEX,    // Complex numbers
    "ℍ" => UNICODE_QUATERNION, // Quaternions
    "ℕ" => UNICODE_NATURAL,    // Natural numbers
    "ℙ" => UNICODE_PRIME,      // Prime numbers
    "ℚ" => UNICODE_RATIONAL,   // Rational numbers
    "ℝ" => UNICODE_REAL,       // Real numbers
    "ℤ" => UNICODE_INTEGER,    // Integers

    // Imaginary unit variants
    "ⅈ" => UNICODE_IMAGINARY_I, // Double-struck italic i
    "ⅉ" => UNICODE_IMAGINARY_J, // Double-struck italic j

    // Common indexed mathematical functions
    "J_" => BESSEL_J_SUBSCRIPT,    // Bessel J functions: J_n(x)
    "Y_" => BESSEL_Y_SUBSCRIPT,    // Bessel Y functions: Y_n(x)
    "I_" => BESSEL_I_SUBSCRIPT,    // Modified Bessel I functions: I_n(x)
    "K_" => BESSEL_K_SUBSCRIPT,    // Modified Bessel K functions: K_n(x)
    "P_" => LEGENDRE_P_SUBSCRIPT,  // Legendre P functions: P_l(x)
    "Q_" => LEGENDRE_Q_SUBSCRIPT,  // Legendre Q functions: Q_l(x)
    "H_" => HERMITE_SUBSCRIPT,     // Hermite polynomials: H_n(x)
    "L_" => LAGUERRE_SUBSCRIPT,    // Laguerre polynomials: L_n(x)

    // ===== TIER 6: LaTeX commands (0.1-1% of tokens) =====
    // Alphabetically organized LaTeX commands
    "\\arccos" => LATEX_ARCCOS,
    "\\arcsin" => LATEX_ARCSIN,
    "\\arctan" => LATEX_ARCTAN,
    "\\cdot" => LATEX_CDOT,
    "\\cos" => LATEX_COS,
    "\\cosh" => LATEX_COSH,
    "\\cot" => LATEX_COT,
    "\\csc" => LATEX_CSC,
    "\\frac" => LATEX_FRAC,
    "\\Gamma" => LATEX_GAMMA,
    "\\gamma" => LATEX_EULER_GAMMA,
    "\\infty" => LATEX_INFTY,
    "\\int" => LATEX_INT,
    "\\iint" => LATEX_IINT,
    "\\iiint" => LATEX_IIINT,
    "\\oint" => LATEX_OINT,
    "\\lim" => LATEX_LIM,
    "\\partial" => LATEX_PARTIAL,
    "\\nabla" => LATEX_NABLA,
    "\\prod" => LATEX_PROD,
    "\\to" => LATEX_TO,
    "\\rightarrow" => LATEX_RIGHTARROW,
    "\\leftarrow" => LATEX_LEFTARROW,
    "\\Rightarrow" => LATEX_DOUBLE_RIGHTARROW,
    "\\Leftarrow" => LATEX_DOUBLE_LEFTARROW,
    "\\leftrightarrow" => LATEX_LEFTRIGHTARROW,
    "\\Leftrightarrow" => LATEX_DOUBLE_LEFTRIGHTARROW,
    "\\ln" => LATEX_LN,
    "\\log" => LATEX_LOG,
    "\\phi" => LATEX_PHI,
    "\\pi" => LATEX_PI,
    "\\sec" => LATEX_SEC,
    "\\sin" => LATEX_SIN,
    "\\sinh" => LATEX_SINH,
    "\\tan" => LATEX_TAN,
    "\\tanh" => LATEX_TANH,
    "\\sqrt" => LATEX_SQRT,
    "\\sum" => LATEX_SUM,
    "\\text" => LATEX_TEXT,
    "\\varphi" => LATEX_VARPHI,
    "\\{" => LATEX_LBRACE,
    "\\}" => LATEX_RBRACE,

    // Phase 3: More LaTeX constructs
    "\\begin" => LATEX_BEGIN,
    "\\end" => LATEX_END,
    "\\left" => LATEX_LEFT,
    "\\right" => LATEX_RIGHT,
    "\\overline" => LATEX_OVERLINE,
    "\\underline" => LATEX_UNDERLINE,
    "\\hat" => LATEX_HAT,
    "\\tilde" => LATEX_TILDE,
    "\\vec" => LATEX_VEC,
    "\\dot" => LATEX_DOT,
    "\\ddot" => LATEX_DDOT,
    "\\bar" => LATEX_BAR,
    "\\prime" => LATEX_PRIME,
    "\\binom" => LATEX_BINOM,
    "\\choose" => LATEX_CHOOSE,
    "\\mathcal" => LATEX_MATHCAL,
    "\\mathbb" => LATEX_MATHBB,
    "\\mathbf" => LATEX_MATHBF,
    "\\det" => LATEX_DET,
    "\\max" => LATEX_MAX,
    "\\min" => LATEX_MIN,
    "\\sup" => LATEX_SUP,
    "\\inf" => LATEX_INF,
    "\\gcd" => LATEX_GCD,
    "\\lcm" => LATEX_LCM,
    "\\bmod" => LATEX_BMOD,
    "\\pmod" => LATEX_PMOD,

    // Phase 3: More mathematical symbols
    "\\leq" => LATEX_LEQ,
    "\\geq" => LATEX_GEQ,
    "\\neq" => LATEX_NEQ,
    "\\equiv" => LATEX_EQUIV,
    "\\approx" => LATEX_APPROX,
    "\\sim" => LATEX_SIM,
    "\\propto" => LATEX_PROPTO,
    "\\in" => LATEX_IN,
    "\\notin" => LATEX_NOTIN,
    "\\subset" => LATEX_SUBSET,
    "\\supset" => LATEX_SUPSET,
    "\\subseteq" => LATEX_SUBSETEQ,
    "\\supseteq" => LATEX_SUPSETEQ,
    "\\cup" => LATEX_CUP,
    "\\cap" => LATEX_CAP,
    "\\emptyset" => LATEX_EMPTYSET,
    "\\forall" => LATEX_FORALL,
    "\\exists" => LATEX_EXISTS,
    "\\nexists" => LATEX_NEXISTS,
    "\\land" => LATEX_LAND,
    "\\lor" => LATEX_LOR,
    "\\lnot" => LATEX_LNOT,
    "\\implies" => LATEX_IMPLIES,
    "\\iff" => LATEX_IFF,

    // Phase 3: Greek symbols (LaTeX)
    "\\alpha" => LATEX_ALPHA,
    "\\beta" => LATEX_BETA,
    "\\delta" => LATEX_DELTA,
    "\\epsilon" => LATEX_EPSILON,
    "\\zeta" => LATEX_ZETA,
    "\\eta" => LATEX_ETA,
    "\\theta" => LATEX_THETA,
    "\\iota" => LATEX_IOTA,
    "\\kappa" => LATEX_KAPPA,
    "\\lambda" => LATEX_LAMBDA,
    "\\mu" => LATEX_MU,
    "\\nu" => LATEX_NU,
    "\\xi" => LATEX_XI,
    "\\omicron" => LATEX_OMICRON,
    "\\rho" => LATEX_RHO,
    "\\sigma" => LATEX_SIGMA,
    "\\tau" => LATEX_TAU,
    "\\upsilon" => LATEX_UPSILON,
    "\\chi" => LATEX_CHI,
    "\\psi" => LATEX_PSI,
    "\\omega" => LATEX_OMEGA,

    // Wolfram greek symbols
    "\\[Alpha]" => WOLFRAM_ALPHA,
    "\\[Beta]" => WOLFRAM_BETA,
    "\\[Delta]" => WOLFRAM_DELTA,
    "\\[Epsilon]" => WOLFRAM_EPSILON,
    "\\[Zeta]" => WOLFRAM_ZETA,
    "\\[Eta]" => WOLFRAM_ETA,
    "\\[Theta]" => WOLFRAM_THETA,
    "\\[Iota]" => WOLFRAM_IOTA,
    "\\[Kappa]" => WOLFRAM_KAPPA,
    "\\[Lambda]" => WOLFRAM_LAMBDA,
    "\\[Mu]" => WOLFRAM_MU,
    "\\[Nu]" => WOLFRAM_NU,
    "\\[Xi]" => WOLFRAM_XI,
    "\\[Omicron]" => WOLFRAM_OMICRON,
    "\\[Rho]" => WOLFRAM_RHO,
    "\\[Sigma]" => WOLFRAM_SIGMA,
    "\\[Tau]" => WOLFRAM_TAU,
    "\\[Upsilon]" => WOLFRAM_UPSILON,
    "\\[Chi]" => WOLFRAM_CHI,
    "\\[Psi]" => WOLFRAM_PSI,
    "\\[Omega]" => WOLFRAM_OMEGA,

    // Phase 3: LaTeX environments
    "pmatrix" => LATEX_PMATRIX,
    "bmatrix" => LATEX_BMATRIX,
    "vmatrix" => LATEX_VMATRIX,
    "Vmatrix" => LATEX_VMATRIX_CAPS,
    "cases" => LATEX_CASES,
    "align" => LATEX_ALIGN,
    "equation" => LATEX_EQUATION,
    "array" => LATEX_ARRAY,

    // Phase 3: More LaTeX symbols and delimiters
    "\\&" => LATEX_AMPERSAND,
    "\\\\" => LATEX_DOUBLE_BACKSLASH,
    "\\cr" => LATEX_CR,
    "\\hline" => LATEX_HLINE,
    "\\cdots" => LATEX_CDOTS,
    "\\ldots" => LATEX_LDOTS,
    "\\vdots" => LATEX_VDOTS,
    "\\ddots" => LATEX_DDOTS,
    "\\dots" => LATEX_DOTS,
    "\\pm" => LATEX_PM,
    "\\mp" => LATEX_MP,
    "\\times" => LATEX_TIMES,
    "\\div" => LATEX_DIV,
    "\\ast" => LATEX_AST,
    "\\star" => LATEX_STAR,
    "\\circ" => LATEX_CIRC,
    "\\bullet" => LATEX_BULLET,
    "\\otimes" => LATEX_OTIMES,
    "\\oslash" => LATEX_OSLASH,
    "\\odot" => LATEX_ODOT,
    "\\wedge" => LATEX_WEDGE,
    "\\vee" => LATEX_VEE,

    // ===== TIER 7: Wolfram functions (0.1-0.5% of tokens) =====
    "Cos" => WOLFRAM_COS,
    "CyclotomicPolynomial" => WOLFRAM_CYCLOTOMIC,
    "D" => WOLFRAM_D,
    "Discriminant" => WOLFRAM_DISCRIMINANT,
    "EulerPhi" => WOLFRAM_EULER_PHI,
    "Exp" => WOLFRAM_EXP,
    "Gamma" => WOLFRAM_GAMMA,
    "GroebnerBasis" => WOLFRAM_GROEBNER,
    "Integrate" => WOLFRAM_INTEGRATE,
    "Limit" => WOLFRAM_LIMIT,
    "Log" => WOLFRAM_LOG,
    "MinimalPolynomial" => WOLFRAM_MINIMAL,
    "MoebiusMu" => WOLFRAM_MOEBIUS,
    "Piecewise" => WOLFRAM_PIECEWISE,
    "PolynomialGCD" => WOLFRAM_POLY_GCD,
    "PrimePi" => WOLFRAM_PRIME_PI,
    "Resultant" => WOLFRAM_RESULTANT,
    "RiemannSiegelTheta" => WOLFRAM_RIEMANN_SIEGEL,
    "Sqrt" => WOLFRAM_SQRT,
    "Sum" => WOLFRAM_SUM,
    "Times" => WOLFRAM_TIMES,

    // Phase 3: More Wolfram functions
    "Abs" => WOLFRAM_ABS,
    "Max" => WOLFRAM_MAX,
    "Min" => WOLFRAM_MIN,
    "Floor" => WOLFRAM_FLOOR,
    "Ceiling" => WOLFRAM_CEILING,
    "Round" => WOLFRAM_ROUND,
    "Sign" => WOLFRAM_SIGN,
    "Re" => WOLFRAM_RE,
    "Im" => WOLFRAM_IM,
    "Conjugate" => WOLFRAM_CONJUGATE,
    "Arg" => WOLFRAM_ARG,
    "Plus" => WOLFRAM_PLUS,
    "Subtract" => WOLFRAM_SUBTRACT,
    "Divide" => WOLFRAM_DIVIDE,
    "Mod" => WOLFRAM_MOD,
    "GCD" => WOLFRAM_GCD_CAPS,
    "LCM" => WOLFRAM_LCM_CAPS,
    "Factorial" => WOLFRAM_FACTORIAL,
    "Binomial" => WOLFRAM_BINOMIAL,

    // Phase 3: More advanced Wolfram functions
    "Det" => WOLFRAM_DET,
    "Tr" => WOLFRAM_TR,
    "Inverse" => WOLFRAM_INVERSE,
    "Transpose" => WOLFRAM_TRANSPOSE,
    "Eigenvalues" => WOLFRAM_EIGENVALUES,
    "Eigenvectors" => WOLFRAM_EIGENVECTORS,
    "MatrixPower" => WOLFRAM_MATRIX_POWER,
    "MatrixExp" => WOLFRAM_MATRIX_EXP,
    "Norm" => WOLFRAM_NORM,
    "Cross" => WOLFRAM_CROSS,
    "Dot" => WOLFRAM_DOT,
    "Inner" => WOLFRAM_INNER,
    "Outer" => WOLFRAM_OUTER,
    "KroneckerProduct" => WOLFRAM_KRONECKER,
    "LinearSolve" => WOLFRAM_LINEAR_SOLVE,
    "LeastSquares" => WOLFRAM_LEAST_SQUARES,
    "QRDecomposition" => WOLFRAM_QR,
    "SingularValueDecomposition" => WOLFRAM_SVD,
    "LUDecomposition" => WOLFRAM_LU,
    "CholeskyDecomposition" => WOLFRAM_CHOLESKY,

    // ===== TIER 8: Constants and keywords (0.1-0.5% of tokens) =====
    "e" => E_CONST,
    "E" => WOLFRAM_E,
    "euler_gamma" => EULER_GAMMA,
    "gamma" => GAMMA_CONST,
    "golden_ratio" => GOLDEN_RATIO,
    "i" => I_CONST,
    "I" => WOLFRAM_I,
    "infinity" => INFINITY,
    "Infinity" => WOLFRAM_INFINITY,
    "phi" => PHI,
    "pi" => PI,
    "Pi" => WOLFRAM_PI,
    "undefined" => UNDEFINED,

    // ===== TIER 9: Regex patterns (processed last for performance) =====
    r"[0-9]+\.[0-9]+" => FLOAT,
    r"[0-9]+" => INTEGER,
    r"[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*" => IDENTIFIER,

    // Skip whitespace
    r"\s*" => { },
}


// 1. Public Entry Point
pub Expression: Expression = {
    Relation,
};

// 2. Relations (Non-associative)
Relation: Expression = {
    <l:Arrow> EQUALS <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Equal),
    <l:Arrow> DOUBLE_EQUALS <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Equal),
    <l:Arrow> NOT_EQUALS <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::NotEqual),
    <l:Arrow> LESS <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Less),
    <l:Arrow> LESS_EQUAL <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::LessEqual),
    <l:Arrow> GREATER <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Greater),
    <l:Arrow> GREATER_EQUAL <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::GreaterEqual),

    // Unicode relations
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_NOT_EQUAL <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::NotEqual),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_LEQ <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::LessEqual),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_GEQ <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::GreaterEqual),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_EQUIV <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Equal),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_APPROX <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Approximate),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_SIMILAR <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Similar),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_PROPORTIONAL <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Proportional),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_CONGRUENT <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Congruent),

    // LaTeX relations
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_NEQ <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::NotEqual),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_LEQ <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::LessEqual),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_GEQ <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::GreaterEqual),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_EQUIV <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Equal),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_APPROX <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Approximate),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_SIM <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Similar),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_PROPTO <r:Arrow> => Expression::relation(l, r, RelationType::Proportional),
    Arrow,
};

// 2.5. Arrows (for limits: x → ∞)
Arrow: Expression = {
    <l:Arrow> ARROW <r:Addition> => Expression::function("approaches", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_IMPLIES <r:Addition> => Expression::function("approaches", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_MAPS_TO <r:Addition> => Expression::function("maps_to", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_TO <r:Addition> => Expression::function("approaches", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_RIGHTARROW <r:Addition> => Expression::function("approaches", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_LEFTARROW <r:Addition> => Expression::function("left_arrow", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Arrow> LATEX_LEFTRIGHTARROW <r:Addition> => Expression::function("bidirectional", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_LEFT_ARROW <r:Addition> => Expression::function("left_arrow", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Arrow> UNICODE_LEFTRIGHTARROW <r:Addition> => Expression::function("bidirectional", vec![l, r]),
    Addition,
};

// 3. Addition/Subtraction
Addition: Expression = {
    <l:Addition> PLUS <r:Multiplication> => Expression::add(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Addition> MINUS <r:Multiplication> => Expression::add(vec![l, Expression::mul(vec![Expression::integer(-1), r])]),
    <l:Addition> UNICODE_PM <r:Multiplication> => Expression::function("plus_minus", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Addition> UNICODE_MP <r:Multiplication> => Expression::function("minus_plus", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Addition> LATEX_PM <r:Multiplication> => Expression::function("plus_minus", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Addition> LATEX_MP <r:Multiplication> => Expression::function("minus_plus", vec![l, r]),
    Multiplication,
};

// 4. Multiplication/Division (EXPLICIT ONLY - no implicit multiplication)
Multiplication: Expression = {
    <l:Multiplication> MULTIPLY <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> DIVIDE <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, Expression::pow(r, Expression::integer(-1))]),

    // Unicode operators
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_TIMES <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_DIVIDE <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, Expression::pow(r, Expression::integer(-1))]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_CDOT <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_DOT_OPERATOR <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_AST <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_CIRC <r:Power> => Expression::function("compose", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_BULLET <r:Power> => Expression::function("dot_product", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_OTIMES <r:Power> => Expression::function("tensor_product", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_OPLUS <r:Power> => Expression::function("direct_sum", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_OMINUS <r:Power> => Expression::function("symmetric_difference", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_OSLASH <r:Power> => Expression::function("oslash", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_ODOT <r:Power> => Expression::function("odot", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_WEDGE <r:Power> => Expression::function("wedge_product", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_VEE <r:Power> => Expression::function("join", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_CAP <r:Power> => Expression::function("intersection", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> UNICODE_CUP <r:Power> => Expression::function("union", vec![l, r]),

    // LaTeX operators
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_CDOT <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_TIMES <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_DIV <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, Expression::pow(r, Expression::integer(-1))]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_AST <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_STAR <r:Power> => Expression::mul(vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_CIRC <r:Power> => Expression::function("compose", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_BULLET <r:Power> => Expression::function("dot_product", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_OTIMES <r:Power> => Expression::function("tensor_product", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_OSLASH <r:Power> => Expression::function("oslash", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_ODOT <r:Power> => Expression::function("odot", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_WEDGE <r:Power> => Expression::function("wedge_product", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_VEE <r:Power> => Expression::function("join", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_CAP <r:Power> => Expression::function("intersection", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_CUP <r:Power> => Expression::function("union", vec![l, r]),
    <l:Multiplication> LATEX_BMOD <r:Power> => Expression::function("mod", vec![l, r]),
    Power,
};

// 5. Exponentiation
Power: Expression = {
    <b:Factorial> POWER <e:Power> => Expression::pow(b, e),

    // Unicode superscript support (e.g., x²)
    <b:Factorial> <exp:SuperscriptExponent> => Expression::pow(b, exp),

    Factorial,
};

// Helper rule for superscript exponents
SuperscriptExponent: Expression = {
    SUPER_ZERO => Expression::integer(0),
    SUPER_ONE => Expression::integer(1),
    SUPER_TWO => Expression::integer(2),
    SUPER_THREE => Expression::integer(3),
    SUPER_FOUR => Expression::integer(4),
    SUPER_FIVE => Expression::integer(5),
    SUPER_SIX => Expression::integer(6),
    SUPER_SEVEN => Expression::integer(7),
    SUPER_EIGHT => Expression::integer(8),
    SUPER_NINE => Expression::integer(9),
    SUPER_N => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("n")),
    SUPER_I => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("i")),
};

// 6. Unary and Postfix Operators
Factorial: Expression = {
    MINUS <e:Factorial> => e.neg(),
    UNICODE_NOT <e:Factorial> => Expression::function("not", vec![e]),
    LATEX_LNOT <e:Factorial> => Expression::function("not", vec![e]),
    <e:Atom> FACTORIAL FACTORIAL => Expression::function("double_factorial", vec![e]),
    <e:Atom> FACTORIAL => Expression::function("factorial", vec![e]),
    Atom,
};

// 7. Atoms
Atom: Expression = {
    FractionNotation,
    NablaOperators,
    VectorWrappers,
    GreekSymbol,
    Number,
    Constant,
    ParenExpression,
    BraceExpression,
    IdentifierOrFunction,
    AbsoluteValue,
    Set,
    Interval,
};

// Simplified identifier handling
IdentifierOrFunction: Expression = {
    // ===== CALCULUS OPERATORS =====

    // Integrals with bounds: ∫ₐᵇ expr dx or \int_a^b expr dx
    UNICODE_INTEGRAL SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <lower:Expression> RBRACE POWER LBRACE <upper:Expression> RBRACE <integrand:Atom> DIFFERENTIAL <var:IDENTIFIER> => {
        Expression::function("definite_integral", vec![integrand, Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(var)), lower, upper])
    },
    LATEX_INT SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <lower:Expression> RBRACE POWER LBRACE <upper:Expression> RBRACE <integrand:Atom> DIFFERENTIAL <var:IDENTIFIER> => {
        Expression::function("definite_integral", vec![integrand, Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(var)), lower, upper])
    },

    // Indefinite integrals: ∫ expr dx
    UNICODE_INTEGRAL <integrand:Atom> DIFFERENTIAL <var:IDENTIFIER> => {
        Expression::function("indefinite_integral", vec![integrand, Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(var))])
    },
    LATEX_INT <integrand:Atom> DIFFERENTIAL <var:IDENTIFIER> => {
        Expression::function("indefinite_integral", vec![integrand, Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(var))])
    },

    // Contour integrals
    UNICODE_CONTOUR_INTEGRAL <integrand:Atom> DIFFERENTIAL <var:IDENTIFIER> => {
        Expression::function("contour_integral", vec![integrand, Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(var))])
    },
    LATEX_OINT <integrand:Atom> DIFFERENTIAL <var:IDENTIFIER> => {
        Expression::function("contour_integral", vec![integrand, Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(var))])
    },

    // Sums: ∑ᵢ₌₁ⁿ expr or \sum_{i=1}^n expr
    UNICODE_SUMMATION SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <index_expr:Expression> RBRACE POWER LBRACE <upper:Expression> RBRACE <summand:Atom> => {
        Expression::function("sum", vec![summand, index_expr, upper])
    },
    LATEX_SUM SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <index_expr:Expression> RBRACE POWER LBRACE <upper:Expression> RBRACE <summand:Atom> => {
        Expression::function("sum", vec![summand, index_expr, upper])
    },

    // Products: ∏ᵢ₌₁ⁿ expr
    UNICODE_PRODUCT SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <index_expr:Expression> RBRACE POWER LBRACE <upper:Expression> RBRACE <term:Atom> => {
        Expression::function("product", vec![term, index_expr, upper])
    },
    LATEX_PROD SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <index_expr:Expression> RBRACE POWER LBRACE <upper:Expression> RBRACE <term:Atom> => {
        Expression::function("product", vec![term, index_expr, upper])
    },

    // Limits
    LATEX_LIM SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <limit_expr:Atom> RBRACE <expr:Atom> => {
        Expression::function("limit", vec![expr, limit_expr])
    },

    // ===== INDEXED FUNCTIONS =====

    // Indexed function tokens (highest priority)
    <token:BESSEL_J_SUBSCRIPT> <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name("bessel_j", "indexed");
        let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
        all_args.extend(args);
        Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args)
    },

    <token:BESSEL_Y_SUBSCRIPT> <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name("bessel_y", "indexed");
        let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
        all_args.extend(args);
        Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args)
    },

    <token:BESSEL_I_SUBSCRIPT> <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name("bessel_i", "indexed");
        let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
        all_args.extend(args);
        Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args)
    },

    <token:BESSEL_K_SUBSCRIPT> <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name("bessel_k", "indexed");
        let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
        all_args.extend(args);
        Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args)
    },

    <token:LEGENDRE_P_SUBSCRIPT> <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name("legendre_p", "indexed");
        let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
        all_args.extend(args);
        Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args)
    },

    <token:LEGENDRE_Q_SUBSCRIPT> <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name("legendre_q", "indexed");
        let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
        all_args.extend(args);
        Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args)
    },

    <token:HERMITE_SUBSCRIPT> <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name("hermite", "indexed");
        let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
        all_args.extend(args);
        Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args)
    },

    <token:LAGUERRE_SUBSCRIPT> <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name("laguerre", "indexed");
        let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
        all_args.extend(args);
        Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args)
    },

    // Indexed function with power: P_l^m(x)
    <base:IDENTIFIER> SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <sub:Expression> RBRACE POWER LBRACE <sup:Expression> RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        match resolve_special_function(base) {
            Some(func_name) => {
                let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name(func_name, "indexed_power");
                let mut all_args = vec![sub, sup];
                all_args.extend(args);
                Expression::function(indexed_name, all_args)
            }
            None => {
                cache::build_cached_function(base, "indexed_power", {
                    let mut all_args = vec![sub, sup];
                    all_args.extend(args);
                    all_args
                })
            }
        }
    },

    // Indexed function: J_n(x)
    <base:IDENTIFIER> SUBSCRIPT LBRACE <sub:Expression> RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        match resolve_special_function(base) {
            Some(func_name) => {
                let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name(func_name, "indexed");
                let mut all_args = vec![sub];
                all_args.extend(args);
                Expression::function(indexed_name, all_args)
            }
            None => {
                cache::build_cached_function(base, "indexed", {
                    let mut all_args = vec![sub];
                    all_args.extend(args);
                    all_args
                })
            }
        }
    },

    // Simple indexed function: J_n(x) (without braces)
    <base:IDENTIFIER> SUBSCRIPT <sub:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        match resolve_special_function(base) {
            Some(func_name) => {
                let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name(func_name, "indexed");
                let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
                all_args.extend(args);
                Expression::function(indexed_name, all_args)
            }
            None => {
                cache::build_cached_function(base, "indexed", {
                    let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(sub))];
                    all_args.extend(args);
                    all_args
                })
            }
        }
    },

    // Simple function call: f(x)
    <base:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        if base.contains('_') {
            if let Some(underscore_pos) = base.find('_') {
                let base_func = &base[..underscore_pos];
                let subscript = &base[underscore_pos + 1..];

                if let Some(func_name) = resolve_special_function(base_func) {
                    let indexed_name = cache::get_cached_function_name(func_name, "indexed");
                    let mut all_args = vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(subscript))];
                    all_args.extend(args);
                    return Expression::function(&indexed_name, all_args);
                }
            }
        }

        match resolve_standard_function(base)
            .or_else(|| resolve_special_function(base)) {
            Some(func_name) => Expression::function(func_name, args),
            None => Expression::function(base, args)
        }
    },

    // Wolfram functions
    <base:IDENTIFIER> LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => {
        match resolve_wolfram_function(base) {
            Some(func_name) => Expression::function(func_name, args),
            None => {
                let snake_case_name = pascal_to_snake_case(base);
                Expression::function(&snake_case_name, args)
            }
        }
    },

    // Wolfram function tokens
    WOLFRAM_ABS LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("abs", args),
    WOLFRAM_COS LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("cos", args),
    WOLFRAM_EXP LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("exp", args),
    WOLFRAM_LOG LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("log", args),
    WOLFRAM_SQRT LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("sqrt", args),
    WOLFRAM_PLUS LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::add(args),
    WOLFRAM_TIMES LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::mul(args),
    WOLFRAM_SUBTRACT LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => {
        if args.len() == 2 {
            Expression::add(vec![args[0].clone(), Expression::mul(vec![Expression::integer(-1), args[1].clone()])])
        } else {
            Expression::function("subtract", args)
        }
    },
    WOLFRAM_DIVIDE LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => {
        if args.len() == 2 {
            Expression::mul(vec![args[0].clone(), Expression::pow(args[1].clone(), Expression::integer(-1))])
        } else {
            Expression::function("divide", args)
        }
    },
    WOLFRAM_D LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("derivative", args),
    WOLFRAM_INTEGRATE LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("integrate", args),
    WOLFRAM_LIMIT LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("limit", args),
    WOLFRAM_SUM LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("sum", args),
    WOLFRAM_GAMMA LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("gamma", args),
    WOLFRAM_MAX LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("max", args),
    WOLFRAM_MIN LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("min", args),
    WOLFRAM_FLOOR LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("floor", args),
    WOLFRAM_CEILING LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("ceiling", args),
    WOLFRAM_ROUND LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("round", args),
    WOLFRAM_SIGN LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("sign", args),
    WOLFRAM_RE LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("real", args),
    WOLFRAM_IM LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("imaginary", args),
    WOLFRAM_CONJUGATE LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("conjugate", args),
    WOLFRAM_ARG LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("arg", args),
    WOLFRAM_MOD LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("mod", args),
    WOLFRAM_GCD_CAPS LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("gcd", args),
    WOLFRAM_LCM_CAPS LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("lcm", args),
    WOLFRAM_FACTORIAL LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("factorial", args),
    WOLFRAM_BINOMIAL LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("binomial", args),
    WOLFRAM_EULER_PHI LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("euler_phi", args),
    WOLFRAM_MOEBIUS LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("mobius", args),
    WOLFRAM_PRIME_PI LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("prime_pi", args),
    WOLFRAM_DET LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("determinant", args),
    WOLFRAM_TR LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("trace", args),
    WOLFRAM_INVERSE LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("inverse", args),
    WOLFRAM_TRANSPOSE LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("transpose", args),
    WOLFRAM_EIGENVALUES LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("eigenvalues", args),
    WOLFRAM_EIGENVECTORS LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("eigenvectors", args),
    WOLFRAM_MATRIX_POWER LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("matrix_power", args),
    WOLFRAM_MATRIX_EXP LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("matrix_exp", args),
    WOLFRAM_NORM LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("norm", args),
    WOLFRAM_CROSS LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("cross", args),
    WOLFRAM_DOT LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("dot", args),
    WOLFRAM_INNER LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("inner", args),
    WOLFRAM_OUTER LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("outer", args),
    WOLFRAM_KRONECKER LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("kronecker_product", args),
    WOLFRAM_LINEAR_SOLVE LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("linear_solve", args),
    WOLFRAM_LEAST_SQUARES LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("least_squares", args),
    WOLFRAM_QR LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("qr_decomposition", args),
    WOLFRAM_SVD LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("svd", args),
    WOLFRAM_LU LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("lu_decomposition", args),
    WOLFRAM_CHOLESKY LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("cholesky_decomposition", args),
    WOLFRAM_CYCLOTOMIC LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("cyclotomic_polynomial", args),
    WOLFRAM_DISCRIMINANT LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("discriminant", args),
    WOLFRAM_GROEBNER LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("groebner_basis", args),
    WOLFRAM_MINIMAL LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("minimal_polynomial", args),
    WOLFRAM_POLY_GCD LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("polynomial_gcd", args),
    WOLFRAM_RESULTANT LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("resultant", args),
    WOLFRAM_PIECEWISE LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("piecewise", args),
    WOLFRAM_RIEMANN_SIEGEL LBRACKET <args:ExprList> RBRACKET => Expression::function("riemann_siegel_theta", args),

    // Method calls: A.det()
    <object:IDENTIFIER> DOT <method:IDENTIFIER> LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        Expression::method_call(Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(object)), method, args)
    },

    // Inverse trig/hyperbolic functions
    LATEX_SIN POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arcsin", args),
    LATEX_COS POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arccos", args),
    LATEX_TAN POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arctan", args),
    LATEX_SEC POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arcsec", args),
    LATEX_CSC POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arccsc", args),
    LATEX_COT POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arccot", args),
    LATEX_SINH POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arcsinh", args),
    LATEX_COSH POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arccosh", args),
    LATEX_TANH POWER LBRACE MINUS INTEGER RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arctanh", args),

    // LaTeX Functions with parentheses
    LATEX_SIN LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("sin", args),
    LATEX_COS LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("cos", args),
    LATEX_TAN LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("tan", args),
    LATEX_SEC LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("sec", args),
    LATEX_CSC LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("csc", args),
    LATEX_COT LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("cot", args),
    LATEX_SINH LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("sinh", args),
    LATEX_COSH LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("cosh", args),
    LATEX_TANH LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("tanh", args),
    LATEX_ARCSIN LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arcsin", args),
    LATEX_ARCCOS LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arccos", args),
    LATEX_ARCTAN LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("arctan", args),
    LATEX_LN LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("ln", args),
    LATEX_LOG LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("log", args),
    LATEX_GCD LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("gcd", args),
    LATEX_LCM LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("lcm", args),
    LATEX_MAX LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("max", args),
    LATEX_MIN LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("min", args),

    // LaTeX Functions with braces
    LATEX_SIN LBRACE <args:ExprList> RBRACE => Expression::function("sin", args),
    LATEX_COS LBRACE <args:ExprList> RBRACE => Expression::function("cos", args),
    LATEX_TAN LBRACE <args:ExprList> RBRACE => Expression::function("tan", args),
    LATEX_LN LBRACE <args:ExprList> RBRACE => Expression::function("ln", args),
    LATEX_LOG LBRACE <args:ExprList> RBRACE => Expression::function("log", args),

    // Special case for sqrt
    LATEX_SQRT LBRACE <arg:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("sqrt", vec![arg]),
    UNICODE_SQRT LPAREN <arg:Expression> RPAREN => Expression::function("sqrt", vec![arg]),
    UNICODE_CBRT LPAREN <arg:Expression> RPAREN => Expression::function("cbrt", vec![arg]),
    UNICODE_FOURTH_ROOT LPAREN <arg:Expression> RPAREN => Expression::function("fourth_root", vec![arg]),

    // Special functions
    LATEX_GAMMA LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("gamma", args),
    LATEX_PSI LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("digamma", args),
    LATEX_ZETA LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("riemann_zeta", args),
    LATEX_ETA LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("eta", args),

    // Greek symbols as functions
    LATEX_PHI LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("euler_phi", args),
    LATEX_MU LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("mobius", args),
    LATEX_TAU LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("ramanujan_tau", args),
    LATEX_LAMBDA LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("reduced_totient", args),
    LATEX_PI LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("prime_pi", args),
    LATEX_NU LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("primenu", args),
    LATEX_DELTA LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("dirac_delta", args),

    // Unicode Greek as functions (when followed by parentheses)
    UNICODE_PHI LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("euler_phi", args),
    UNICODE_MU LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("mobius", args),
    UNICODE_TAU LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("ramanujan_tau", args),
    UNICODE_LAMBDA LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("reduced_totient", args),
    UNICODE_PI LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("prime_pi", args),
    UNICODE_NU LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("primenu", args),
    UNICODE_DELTA LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function("dirac_delta", args),

    // Binomial coefficient
    LATEX_BINOM LBRACE <n:Expression> RBRACE LBRACE <k:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("binomial", vec![n, k]),
    LATEX_CHOOSE LBRACE <n:Expression> RBRACE LBRACE <k:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("binomial", vec![n, k]),

    // Text functions
    LATEX_TEXT LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => Expression::function(name, args),
    LATEX_TEXT LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(name)),

    // Mathcal functions and symbols
    LATEX_MATHCAL LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        Expression::function(format!("mathcal_{}", name.to_lowercase()), args)
    },
    LATEX_MATHCAL LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE => {
        Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(format!("mathcal_{}", name)))
    },

    // Mathbb functions and symbols
    LATEX_MATHBB LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE LPAREN <args:ExprList> RPAREN => {
        Expression::function(format!("mathbb_{}", name.to_lowercase()), args)
    },
    LATEX_MATHBB LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE => {
        Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(format!("mathbb_{}", name)))
    },

    // Simple identifier
    <v:IDENTIFIER> => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(v)),
};

// Helper rules
ParenExpression: Expression = {
    LPAREN <e:Expression> RPAREN => e,
    LATEX_LEFT LPAREN <e:Expression> LATEX_RIGHT RPAREN => e,
    LATEX_LEFT LBRACKET <e:Expression> LATEX_RIGHT RBRACKET => e,
    LATEX_LEFT LBRACE <e:Expression> LATEX_RIGHT RBRACE => e,
    LATEX_LEFT PIPE <e:Expression> LATEX_RIGHT PIPE => Expression::function("abs", vec![e]),
    UNICODE_LANGLE <e:Expression> UNICODE_RANGLE => Expression::function("inner_product", vec![e]),
};

BraceExpression: Expression = {
    LBRACE <e:Expression> RBRACE => e,
};

AbsoluteValue: Expression = {
    PIPE <e:Expression> PIPE => Expression::function("abs", vec![e]),
};

// Numbers
Number: Expression = {
    FLOAT => <>.parse::<f64>().map(Expression::number).unwrap_or_else(|_| Expression::number(f64::NAN)),
    INTEGER => <>.parse::<i64>().map(Expression::integer).unwrap_or_else(|_| Expression::number(<>.parse::<f64>().unwrap_or(f64::INFINITY))),
};

// Greek symbols
GreekSymbol: Expression = {
    // Unicode Greek (lowercase)
    UNICODE_ALPHA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(alpha)),
    UNICODE_BETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(beta)),
    UNICODE_GAMMA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(gamma)),
    UNICODE_DELTA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(delta)),
    UNICODE_EPSILON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(epsilon)),
    UNICODE_ZETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(zeta)),
    UNICODE_ETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(eta)),
    UNICODE_THETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(theta)),
    UNICODE_IOTA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(iota)),
    UNICODE_KAPPA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(kappa)),
    UNICODE_LAMBDA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(lambda)),
    UNICODE_MU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(mu)),
    UNICODE_NU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(nu)),
    UNICODE_XI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(xi)),
    UNICODE_OMICRON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(omicron)),
    UNICODE_RHO => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(rho)),
    UNICODE_SIGMA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(sigma)),
    UNICODE_TAU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(tau)),
    UNICODE_UPSILON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(upsilon)),
    UNICODE_PHI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(phi)),
    UNICODE_CHI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(chi)),
    UNICODE_PSI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(psi)),
    UNICODE_OMEGA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(omega)),

    // Unicode Greek (uppercase)
    UNICODE_GAMMA_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Gamma")),
    UNICODE_DELTA_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Delta")),
    UNICODE_THETA_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Theta")),
    UNICODE_LAMBDA_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Lambda")),
    UNICODE_XI_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Xi")),
    UNICODE_PI_UPPER => Expression::pi(),
    UNICODE_SIGMA_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Sigma")),
    UNICODE_PHI_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Phi")),
    UNICODE_PSI_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Psi")),
    UNICODE_OMEGA_UPPER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("Omega")),

    // LaTeX Greek
    LATEX_ALPHA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(alpha)),
    LATEX_BETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(beta)),
    LATEX_DELTA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(delta)),
    LATEX_EPSILON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(epsilon)),
    LATEX_ZETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(zeta)),
    LATEX_ETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(eta)),
    LATEX_THETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(theta)),
    LATEX_IOTA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(iota)),
    LATEX_KAPPA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(kappa)),
    LATEX_LAMBDA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(lambda)),
    LATEX_MU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(mu)),
    LATEX_NU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(nu)),
    LATEX_XI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(xi)),
    LATEX_OMICRON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(omicron)),
    LATEX_RHO => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(rho)),
    LATEX_SIGMA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(sigma)),
    LATEX_TAU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(tau)),
    LATEX_UPSILON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(upsilon)),
    LATEX_CHI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(chi)),
    LATEX_PSI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(psi)),
    LATEX_OMEGA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(omega)),

    // Wolfram Greek
    WOLFRAM_ALPHA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(alpha)),
    WOLFRAM_BETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(beta)),
    WOLFRAM_DELTA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(delta)),
    WOLFRAM_EPSILON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(epsilon)),
    WOLFRAM_ZETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(zeta)),
    WOLFRAM_ETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(eta)),
    WOLFRAM_THETA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(theta)),
    WOLFRAM_IOTA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(iota)),
    WOLFRAM_KAPPA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(kappa)),
    WOLFRAM_LAMBDA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(lambda)),
    WOLFRAM_MU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(mu)),
    WOLFRAM_NU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(nu)),
    WOLFRAM_XI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(xi)),
    WOLFRAM_OMICRON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(omicron)),
    WOLFRAM_RHO => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(rho)),
    WOLFRAM_SIGMA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(sigma)),
    WOLFRAM_TAU => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(tau)),
    WOLFRAM_UPSILON => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(upsilon)),
    WOLFRAM_CHI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(chi)),
    WOLFRAM_PSI => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(psi)),
    WOLFRAM_OMEGA => Expression::symbol(crate::symbol!(omega)),
};

// Mathematical constants
Constant: Expression = {
    // Pi
    PI => Expression::pi(),
    UNICODE_PI => Expression::pi(),
    WOLFRAM_PI => Expression::pi(),
    LATEX_PI => Expression::pi(),

    // Euler's number
    E_CONST => Expression::e(),
    UNICODE_E => Expression::e(),
    WOLFRAM_E => Expression::e(),

    // Imaginary unit
    I_CONST => Expression::i(),
    UNICODE_IMAGINARY_I => Expression::i(),
    WOLFRAM_I => Expression::i(),

    // Infinity
    INFINITY => Expression::infinity(),
    UNICODE_INFINITY => Expression::infinity(),
    WOLFRAM_INFINITY => Expression::infinity(),
    LATEX_INFTY => Expression::infinity(),

    // Golden ratio / Phi
    PHI => Expression::golden_ratio(),
    GOLDEN_RATIO => Expression::golden_ratio(),
    LATEX_PHI => Expression::golden_ratio(),
    LATEX_VARPHI => Expression::golden_ratio(),

    // Euler-Mascheroni constant
    GAMMA_CONST => Expression::euler_gamma(),
    EULER_GAMMA => Expression::euler_gamma(),
    LATEX_EULER_GAMMA => Expression::euler_gamma(),
    UNICODE_EULER_CONST => Expression::euler_gamma(),

    // Number sets (double-struck)
    UNICODE_COMPLEX => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("ℂ")),
    UNICODE_QUATERNION => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("ℍ")),
    UNICODE_NATURAL => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("ℕ")),
    UNICODE_PRIME => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("ℙ")),
    UNICODE_RATIONAL => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("ℚ")),
    UNICODE_REAL => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("ℝ")),
    UNICODE_INTEGER => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("ℤ")),

    // Empty set
    UNICODE_EMPTY_SET => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("∅")),
    LATEX_EMPTYSET => Expression::symbol(Symbol::new("∅")),

    // Other constants
    UNDEFINED => Expression::undefined(),
};

// Sets and Lists
Set: Expression = {
    // LaTeX sets: \{...\}
    LATEX_LBRACE <elements:ExprList> LATEX_RBRACE => Expression::set(elements),

    // Wolfram lists with multiple elements
    LBRACE <first:Expression> COMMA <rest:(<Expression> COMMA)*> <last:Expression> RBRACE => {
        let mut elements = vec![first];
        elements.extend(rest);
        elements.push(last);
        Expression::set(elements)
    },
};

// Intervals
Interval: Expression = {
    LBRACKET <start:Expression> COMMA <end:Expression> RBRACKET => Expression::interval(start, end, true, true),
    LPAREN <start:Expression> COMMA <end:Expression> RPAREN => Expression::interval(start, end, false, false),
    LBRACKET <start:Expression> COMMA <end:Expression> RPAREN => Expression::interval(start, end, true, false),
    LPAREN <start:Expression> COMMA <end:Expression> RBRACKET => Expression::interval(start, end, false, true),
};

// ===== FRACTION NOTATION =====
FractionNotation: Expression = {
    LATEX_FRAC LBRACE <num:Expression> RBRACE LBRACE <den:Expression> RBRACE => {
        Expression::mul(vec![num, Expression::pow(den, Expression::integer(-1))])
    },
};

// ===== NABLA OPERATORS (Vector Calculus) =====
NablaArgument: Expression = {
    VectorWrappers,
    FractionNotation,
    GreekSymbol,
    Number,
    Constant,
    ParenExpression,
    IdentifierOrFunction,
    AbsoluteValue,
    Set,
    Interval,
};

NablaOperators: Expression = {
    // Laplacian: ∇² f
    UNICODE_NABLA POWER LBRACE <n:INTEGER> RBRACE <expr:NablaArgument> => {
        let order = n.parse::<i64>().unwrap_or(1);
        if order == 2 {
            Expression::function("laplacian", vec![expr])
        } else {
            Expression::function(format!("nabla_power_{}", order), vec![expr])
        }
    },
    UNICODE_NABLA POWER <n:INTEGER> <expr:NablaArgument> => {
        let order = n.parse::<i64>().unwrap_or(1);
        if order == 2 {
            Expression::function("laplacian", vec![expr])
        } else {
            Expression::function(format!("nabla_power_{}", order), vec![expr])
        }
    },
    LATEX_NABLA POWER LBRACE <n:INTEGER> RBRACE <expr:NablaArgument> => {
        let order = n.parse::<i64>().unwrap_or(1);
        if order == 2 {
            Expression::function("laplacian", vec![expr])
        } else {
            Expression::function(format!("nabla_power_{}", order), vec![expr])
        }
    },
    LATEX_NABLA POWER <n:INTEGER> <expr:NablaArgument> => {
        let order = n.parse::<i64>().unwrap_or(1);
        if order == 2 {
            Expression::function("laplacian", vec![expr])
        } else {
            Expression::function(format!("nabla_power_{}", order), vec![expr])
        }
    },

    // Curl: ∇ × F
    UNICODE_NABLA UNICODE_TIMES <expr:NablaArgument> => Expression::function("curl", vec![expr]),
    LATEX_NABLA LATEX_TIMES <expr:NablaArgument> => Expression::function("curl", vec![expr]),

    // Divergence: ∇ · F
    UNICODE_NABLA UNICODE_CDOT <expr:NablaArgument> => Expression::function("divergence", vec![expr]),
    UNICODE_NABLA UNICODE_DOT_OPERATOR <expr:NablaArgument> => Expression::function("divergence", vec![expr]),
    LATEX_NABLA LATEX_CDOT <expr:NablaArgument> => Expression::function("divergence", vec![expr]),

    // Gradient: ∇f (lowest priority)
    UNICODE_NABLA <expr:NablaArgument> => Expression::function("gradient", vec![expr]),
    LATEX_NABLA <expr:NablaArgument> => Expression::function("gradient", vec![expr]),
};

// ===== VECTOR AND OPERATOR WRAPPERS =====
VectorWrappers: Expression = {
    // Type inference
    LATEX_MATHBF LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE => Expression::symbol(Symbol::matrix(name)),
    LATEX_HAT LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE => Expression::symbol(Symbol::operator(name)),
    LATEX_MATHBB LBRACE <type_hint:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE LBRACE <name:IDENTIFIER> RBRACE => {
        if type_hint == "H" {
            Expression::symbol(Symbol::quaternion(name))
        } else {
            Expression::function(format!("mathbb_{}", type_hint), vec![Expression::symbol(Symbol::new(name))])
        }
    },

    // Legacy function wrappers
    LATEX_VEC LBRACE <arg:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("vector", vec![arg]),
    LATEX_BAR LBRACE <arg:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("bar", vec![arg]),
    LATEX_TILDE LBRACE <arg:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("tilde", vec![arg]),
    LATEX_DOT LBRACE <arg:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("dot", vec![arg]),
    LATEX_DDOT LBRACE <arg:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("ddot", vec![arg]),
    LATEX_OVERLINE LBRACE <arg:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("conjugate", vec![arg]),
    LATEX_UNDERLINE LBRACE <arg:Expression> RBRACE => Expression::function("underline", vec![arg]),
};

// Expression lists
ExprList: Vec<Expression> = {
    <v:(<Expression> COMMA)*> <e:Expression?> => match e {
        None => v,
        Some(e) => {
            let mut v = v;
            v.push(e);
            v
        }
    }
};