lumina-node 1.0.0

Celestia data availability node implementation in Rust
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::fmt::Display;
use std::pin::pin;

use async_trait::async_trait;
use celestia_types::ExtendedHeader;
use celestia_types::hash::Hash;
use cid::Cid;
use futures::Future;
use js_sys::Uint8Array;
use libp2p::identity::Keypair;
use rexie::{Direction, Index, KeyRange, ObjectStore, Rexie, Transaction, TransactionMode};
use send_wrapper::SendWrapper;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_wasm_bindgen::{from_value, to_value};
use smallvec::smallvec;
use tendermint_proto::Protobuf;
use tokio::sync::Notify;
use tracing::{debug, warn};
use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, JsValue};

use crate::block_ranges::BlockRanges;
use crate::store::utils::VerifiedExtendedHeaders;
use crate::store::{Result, SamplingMetadata, Store, StoreError, StoreInsertionError};
use crate::utils::{NamedLock, NamedLockError};

/// IndexedDB version, needs to be incremented on every schema change
const DB_VERSION: u32 = 5;

// Data stores (SQL table analogue) used in IndexedDB
const HEADER_STORE_NAME: &str = "headers";
const SAMPLING_STORE_NAME: &str = "sampling";
const RANGES_STORE_NAME: &str = "ranges";
const SCHEMA_STORE_NAME: &str = "schema";
const IDENTITY_STORE_NAME: &str = "identity";

// Additional indexes set on HEADER_STORE, for querying by height and hash
const HASH_INDEX_NAME: &str = "hash";
const HEIGHT_INDEX_NAME: &str = "height";

const HEADER_RANGES_KEY: &str = "header_ranges";
const SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY: &str = "sampled_ranges";
const PRUNED_RANGES_KEY: &str = "pruned_ranges";
const VERSION_KEY: &str = "version";
const LIBP2P_IDENTITY_KEY: &str = "libp2p_identity";

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct ExtendedHeaderEntry {
    // We use those fields as indexes, names need to match ones in `add_index`
    height: u64,
    #[serde(with = "celestia_types::serializers::hash")]
    hash: Hash,
    header: Vec<u8>,
}

/// A [`Store`] implementation based on a `IndexedDB` browser database.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct IndexedDbStore {
    // SendWrapper usage is safe in wasm because we're running on a single thread
    head: SendWrapper<RefCell<Option<ExtendedHeader>>>,
    db: SendWrapper<Rexie>,
    header_added_notifier: Notify,
    // locks the db instance using Web Locks API until `IndexedDbStore` instance is dropped
    _db_lock: NamedLock,
}

impl IndexedDbStore {
    /// Create or open a persistent store.
    ///
    /// <div class="warning">
    /// IndexedDB is shared between all tabs from the same origin, but we enforce
    /// that each store is opened exclusively. Subsequent open requests with the same name,
    /// presumably coming from multiple tabs running Lumina, will each create extra stores
    /// with "-extra-tab-N" suffix.
    /// </div>
    pub async fn new(name: &str) -> Result<IndexedDbStore> {
        let (db_lock, real_name) = lock_db_name(name).await?;
        let rexie = Rexie::builder(&real_name)
            .version(DB_VERSION)
            .add_object_store(
                ObjectStore::new(HEADER_STORE_NAME)
                    .key_path("id")
                    .auto_increment(true)
                    // These need to match names in `ExtendedHeaderEntry`
                    .add_index(Index::new(HASH_INDEX_NAME, "hash").unique(true))
                    .add_index(Index::new(HEIGHT_INDEX_NAME, "height").unique(true)),
            )
            .add_object_store(ObjectStore::new(RANGES_STORE_NAME))
            .add_object_store(ObjectStore::new(SAMPLING_STORE_NAME))
            .add_object_store(ObjectStore::new(IDENTITY_STORE_NAME))
            .add_object_store(ObjectStore::new(SCHEMA_STORE_NAME))
            .build()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| StoreError::OpenFailed(e.to_string()))?;

        // NOTE: Rexie does not expose any migration functionality, so we
        // write our version in the store in order to handle it properly.
        match detect_schema_version(&rexie).await? {
            Some(schema_version) => {
                if schema_version > DB_VERSION {
                    let e = format!(
                        "Incompatible database schema; found {schema_version}, expected {DB_VERSION}."
                    );
                    return Err(StoreError::OpenFailed(e));
                }

                migrate_older_to_v4(&rexie).await?;
                migrate_v4_to_v5(&rexie).await?;
            }
            None => {
                // New database
                let tx = rexie.transaction(&[SCHEMA_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadWrite)?;

                let schema_store = tx.store(SCHEMA_STORE_NAME)?;
                set_schema_version(&schema_store, DB_VERSION).await?;

                tx.commit().await?;
            }
        }

        init_identity(&rexie).await?;

        // Force us to write migrations!
        debug_assert_eq!(
            detect_schema_version(&rexie).await?,
            Some(DB_VERSION),
            "Some migrations are missing"
        );

        let db_head = match get_head_from_database(&rexie).await {
            Ok(v) => Some(v),
            Err(StoreError::NotFound) => None,
            Err(e) => return Err(e),
        };

        Ok(IndexedDbStore {
            head: SendWrapper::new(RefCell::new(db_head)),
            db: SendWrapper::new(rexie),
            header_added_notifier: Notify::new(),
            _db_lock: db_lock,
        })
    }

    async fn write_tx<F, T, Args>(&self, stores: &[&str], f: F, args: Args) -> Result<T>
    where
        for<'a> F: TransactionOperationFn<'a, Args, Output = Result<T>>,
    {
        let tx = self.db.transaction(stores, TransactionMode::ReadWrite)?;
        let res = f(&tx, args).await;

        if res.is_ok() {
            tx.commit().await?;
        } else {
            tx.abort().await?;
        }

        res
    }

    /// Delete the persistent store.
    pub async fn delete_db(self) -> rexie::Result<()> {
        let name = self.db.name();
        self.db.take().close();
        Rexie::delete(&name).await
    }

    fn get_head(&self) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
        // this shouldn't panic, we don't borrow across await points and wasm is single threaded
        self.head.borrow().clone().ok_or(StoreError::NotFound)
    }

    fn get_head_height(&self) -> Result<u64> {
        // this shouldn't panic, we don't borrow across await points and wasm is single threaded
        self.head
            .borrow()
            .as_ref()
            .map(|h| h.height())
            .ok_or(StoreError::NotFound)
    }

    async fn get_by_height(&self, height: u64) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
        let tx = self
            .db
            .transaction(&[HEADER_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)?;

        get_by_height(&tx.store(HEADER_STORE_NAME)?, height).await
    }

    async fn get_by_hash(&self, hash: &Hash) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
        let tx = self
            .db
            .transaction(&[HEADER_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)?;
        let header_store = tx.store(HEADER_STORE_NAME)?;
        let hash_index = header_store.index(HASH_INDEX_NAME)?;

        let hash_key = to_value(&hash)?;
        let Some(header_entry) = hash_index.get(hash_key).await? else {
            return Err(StoreError::NotFound);
        };

        let serialized_header = from_value::<ExtendedHeaderEntry>(header_entry)?.header;
        ExtendedHeader::decode(serialized_header.as_ref())
            .map_err(|e| StoreError::StoredDataError(e.to_string()))
    }

    async fn get_stored_header_ranges(&self) -> Result<BlockRanges> {
        let tx = self
            .db
            .transaction(&[RANGES_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)?;
        let store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;

        get_ranges(&store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY).await
    }

    async fn insert<R>(&self, headers: R) -> Result<()>
    where
        R: TryInto<VerifiedExtendedHeaders> + Send,
        <R as TryInto<VerifiedExtendedHeaders>>::Error: Display,
    {
        let headers = headers
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|e| StoreInsertionError::HeadersVerificationFailed(e.to_string()))?;

        if headers.as_ref().is_empty() {
            return Ok(());
        }

        let tail = self
            .write_tx(
                &[HEADER_STORE_NAME, RANGES_STORE_NAME],
                insert_tx_op,
                headers,
            )
            .await?;

        if tail.height() > self.head.borrow().as_ref().map(|h| h.height()).unwrap_or(0) {
            self.head.replace(Some(tail));
        }

        self.header_added_notifier.notify_waiters();

        Ok(())
    }

    async fn contains_hash(&self, hash: &Hash) -> Result<bool> {
        let tx = self
            .db
            .transaction(&[HEADER_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)?;

        let header_store = tx.store(HEADER_STORE_NAME)?;
        let hash_index = header_store.index(HASH_INDEX_NAME)?;

        let hash_key = KeyRange::only(&to_value(&hash)?).map_err(rexie::Error::IdbError)?;

        let hash_count = hash_index.count(Some(hash_key)).await?;

        Ok(hash_count > 0)
    }

    async fn contains_height(&self, height: u64) -> bool {
        let Ok(stored_ranges) = self.get_stored_header_ranges().await else {
            return false;
        };
        stored_ranges.contains(height)
    }

    async fn update_sampling_metadata(&self, height: u64, cids: Vec<Cid>) -> Result<()> {
        self.write_tx(
            &[SAMPLING_STORE_NAME, RANGES_STORE_NAME],
            update_sampling_metadata_tx_op,
            (height, cids),
        )
        .await
    }

    async fn get_sampling_metadata(&self, height: u64) -> Result<Option<SamplingMetadata>> {
        if !self.contains_height(height).await {
            return Err(StoreError::NotFound);
        }

        let tx = self
            .db
            .transaction(&[SAMPLING_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)?;
        let store = tx.store(SAMPLING_STORE_NAME)?;

        let height_key = to_value(&height)?;
        let Some(sampling_entry) = store.get(height_key).await? else {
            return Ok(None);
        };

        Ok(Some(from_value(sampling_entry)?))
    }

    async fn mark_as_sampled(&self, height: u64) -> Result<()> {
        self.write_tx(&[RANGES_STORE_NAME], mark_as_sampled_tx_op, height)
            .await
    }

    async fn get_sampled_ranges(&self) -> Result<BlockRanges> {
        let tx = self
            .db
            .transaction(&[RANGES_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)?;
        let store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;

        get_ranges(&store, SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY).await
    }

    async fn get_pruned_ranges(&self) -> Result<BlockRanges> {
        let tx = self
            .db
            .transaction(&[RANGES_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)?;
        let store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;

        get_ranges(&store, PRUNED_RANGES_KEY).await
    }

    async fn remove_height(&self, height: u64) -> Result<()> {
        self.write_tx(
            &[HEADER_STORE_NAME, SAMPLING_STORE_NAME, RANGES_STORE_NAME],
            remove_height_tx_op,
            height,
        )
        .await
    }

    async fn get_identity(&self) -> Result<Keypair> {
        let tx = self
            .db
            .transaction(&[IDENTITY_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)?;
        let store = tx.store(IDENTITY_STORE_NAME)?;

        let key = to_value(LIBP2P_IDENTITY_KEY)?;
        let value = store
            .get(key.clone())
            .await?
            .expect("identity should be initialised here");
        let keypair = decode_keypair(value)?;
        Ok(keypair)
    }
}

trait TransactionOperationFn<'a, Arg>:
    FnOnce(&'a Transaction, Arg) -> <Self as TransactionOperationFn<'a, Arg>>::Fut
{
    type Fut: Future<Output = <Self as TransactionOperationFn<'a, Arg>>::Output>;
    type Output;
}

impl<'a, Arg, F, Fut> TransactionOperationFn<'a, Arg> for F
where
    F: FnOnce(&'a Transaction, Arg) -> Fut,
    Fut: Future,
{
    type Fut = Fut;
    type Output = Fut::Output;
}

#[async_trait]
impl Store for IndexedDbStore {
    async fn get_head(&self) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
        self.get_head()
    }

    async fn get_by_hash(&self, hash: &Hash) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.get_by_hash(hash));
        fut.await
    }

    async fn get_by_height(&self, height: u64) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.get_by_height(height));
        fut.await
    }

    async fn wait_new_head(&self) -> u64 {
        let head = self.get_head_height().unwrap_or(0);
        let mut notifier = pin!(self.header_added_notifier.notified());

        loop {
            let new_head = self.get_head_height().unwrap_or(0);

            if head != new_head {
                return new_head;
            }

            // Await for a notification
            notifier.as_mut().await;

            // Reset notifier
            notifier.set(self.header_added_notifier.notified());
        }
    }

    async fn wait_height(&self, height: u64) -> Result<()> {
        let mut notifier = pin!(self.header_added_notifier.notified());

        loop {
            let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.contains_height(height));
            if fut.await {
                return Ok(());
            }

            // Await for a notification
            notifier.as_mut().await;

            // Reset notifier
            notifier.set(self.header_added_notifier.notified());
        }
    }

    async fn head_height(&self) -> Result<u64> {
        self.get_head_height()
    }

    async fn has(&self, hash: &Hash) -> bool {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.contains_hash(hash));
        fut.await.unwrap_or(false)
    }

    async fn has_at(&self, height: u64) -> bool {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.contains_height(height));
        fut.await
    }

    async fn update_sampling_metadata(&self, height: u64, cids: Vec<Cid>) -> Result<()> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.update_sampling_metadata(height, cids));
        fut.await
    }

    async fn get_sampling_metadata(&self, height: u64) -> Result<Option<SamplingMetadata>> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.get_sampling_metadata(height));
        fut.await
    }

    async fn insert<R>(&self, header: R) -> Result<()>
    where
        R: TryInto<VerifiedExtendedHeaders> + Send,
        <R as TryInto<VerifiedExtendedHeaders>>::Error: Display,
    {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.insert(header));
        fut.await
    }

    async fn mark_as_sampled(&self, height: u64) -> Result<()> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.mark_as_sampled(height));
        fut.await
    }

    async fn get_stored_header_ranges(&self) -> Result<BlockRanges> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.get_stored_header_ranges());
        fut.await
    }

    async fn get_sampled_ranges(&self) -> Result<BlockRanges> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.get_sampled_ranges());
        fut.await
    }

    async fn get_pruned_ranges(&self) -> Result<BlockRanges> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.get_pruned_ranges());
        fut.await
    }

    async fn remove_height(&self, height: u64) -> Result<()> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.remove_height(height));
        fut.await
    }

    async fn get_identity(&self) -> Result<Keypair> {
        let fut = SendWrapper::new(self.get_identity());
        fut.await
    }

    async fn close(self) -> Result<()> {
        self.db.take().close();
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl From<rexie::Error> for StoreError {
    fn from(error: rexie::Error) -> StoreError {
        StoreError::FatalDatabaseError(error.to_string())
    }
}

impl From<serde_wasm_bindgen::Error> for StoreError {
    fn from(error: serde_wasm_bindgen::Error) -> StoreError {
        StoreError::StoredDataError(format!("Error de/serializing: {error}"))
    }
}

async fn get_ranges(store: &rexie::Store, name: &str) -> Result<BlockRanges> {
    let key = JsValue::from_str(name);
    let Some(raw_ranges) = store.get(key).await? else {
        // Ranges not set yet
        return Ok(BlockRanges::default());
    };

    Ok(from_value(raw_ranges)?)
}

async fn set_ranges(store: &rexie::Store, name: &str, ranges: &BlockRanges) -> Result<()> {
    let key = JsValue::from_str(name);
    let val = to_value(ranges)?;

    store.put(&val, Some(&key)).await?;

    Ok(())
}

async fn get_head_from_database(db: &Rexie) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
    let tx = db.transaction(
        &[HEADER_STORE_NAME, RANGES_STORE_NAME],
        TransactionMode::ReadOnly,
    )?;
    let header_store = tx.store(HEADER_STORE_NAME)?;
    let ranges_store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;

    let ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY).await?;
    let head_height = ranges.head().ok_or(StoreError::NotFound)?;

    get_by_height(&header_store, head_height).await
}

async fn get_by_height(header_store: &rexie::Store, height: u64) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
    let height_index = header_store.index(HEIGHT_INDEX_NAME)?;

    let height_key = to_value(&height)?;
    let Some(header_entry) = height_index.get(height_key).await? else {
        return Err(StoreError::NotFound);
    };

    let serialized_header = from_value::<ExtendedHeaderEntry>(header_entry)?.header;
    ExtendedHeader::decode(serialized_header.as_ref())
        .map_err(|e| StoreError::StoredDataError(e.to_string()))
}

async fn verify_against_neighbours(
    header_store: &rexie::Store,
    lowest_header: Option<&ExtendedHeader>,
    highest_header: Option<&ExtendedHeader>,
) -> Result<()> {
    if let Some(lowest_header) = lowest_header {
        let prev = get_by_height(header_store, lowest_header.height() - 1)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| {
                if let StoreError::NotFound = e {
                    StoreError::StoredDataError(
                        "inconsistency between headers and ranges table".into(),
                    )
                } else {
                    e
                }
            })?;

        prev.verify(lowest_header)
            .map_err(|e| StoreInsertionError::NeighborsVerificationFailed(e.to_string()))?;
    }

    if let Some(highest_header) = highest_header {
        let next = get_by_height(header_store, highest_header.height() + 1)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| {
                if let StoreError::NotFound = e {
                    StoreError::StoredDataError(
                        "inconsistency between headers and ranges table".into(),
                    )
                } else {
                    e
                }
            })?;

        highest_header
            .verify(&next)
            .map_err(|e| StoreInsertionError::NeighborsVerificationFailed(e.to_string()))?;
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Get schema version from the db, or perform a heuristic to try to determine
/// version used (for versions <4).
async fn detect_schema_version(db: &Rexie) -> Result<Option<u32>> {
    let tx = db.transaction(
        &[HEADER_STORE_NAME, RANGES_STORE_NAME, SCHEMA_STORE_NAME],
        TransactionMode::ReadOnly,
    )?;
    let schema_store = tx.store(SCHEMA_STORE_NAME)?;
    let ranges_store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;
    let header_store = tx.store(HEADER_STORE_NAME)?;

    // Schema version exists from v4 and above.
    if let Ok(version) = get_schema_version(&schema_store).await {
        return Ok(Some(version));
    }

    // If schema version does not exist in db but ranges store
    // has values then assume we are in version 3.
    if !store_is_empty(&ranges_store).await? {
        return Ok(Some(3));
    }

    // If ranges store does not have any values but header for height 1
    // exists, then we assume we are in version 2.
    let height_key = to_value(&1)?;
    let height_index = header_store.index(HEIGHT_INDEX_NAME)?;
    if height_index.get(height_key).await?.is_some() {
        return Ok(Some(2));
    }

    // Otherwise we assume we have a new db.
    Ok(None)
}

async fn lock_db_name(name: &str) -> Result<(NamedLock, String)> {
    let mut try_name = name.to_string();
    let mut i = 1;
    loop {
        match NamedLock::try_lock(&try_name).await {
            Ok(lock) => return Ok((lock, try_name)),
            Err(NamedLockError::WouldBlock) => (),
            Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
        }
        try_name = format!("{name}-extra-tab-{i}");
        i += 1;
    }
}

async fn init_identity(db: &Rexie) -> Result<()> {
    let tx = db.transaction(&[IDENTITY_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadWrite)?;
    let identity_store = tx.store(IDENTITY_STORE_NAME)?;

    let key = to_value(LIBP2P_IDENTITY_KEY)?;
    if identity_store.get(key.clone()).await?.is_some() {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let keypair = Keypair::generate_ed25519();
    let peer_id = keypair.public().to_peer_id();
    debug!("Initialised new identity: {peer_id}");

    let value = encode_keypair(&keypair);
    identity_store.put(&value, Some(&key)).await?;

    Ok(())
}

fn encode_keypair(keypair: &Keypair) -> JsValue {
    let bytes = keypair.to_protobuf_encoding().expect("valid key encoding");
    let array = Uint8Array::from(bytes.as_ref());
    array.into()
}

fn decode_keypair(value: JsValue) -> Result<Keypair> {
    let array = value
        .dyn_into::<Uint8Array>()
        .map_err(|_| StoreError::StoredDataError("invalid key data type".to_string()))?;
    Keypair::from_protobuf_encoding(&array.to_vec())
        .map_err(|e| StoreError::StoredDataError(e.to_string()))
}

async fn store_is_empty(store: &rexie::Store) -> Result<bool> {
    let vals = store.get_all_keys(None, Some(1)).await?;
    Ok(vals.is_empty())
}

async fn get_schema_version(store: &rexie::Store) -> Result<u32> {
    let key = to_value(VERSION_KEY)?;
    let Some(val) = store.get(key).await? else {
        return Err(StoreError::NotFound);
    };
    Ok(from_value(val)?)
}

async fn set_schema_version(store: &rexie::Store, version: u32) -> Result<()> {
    let key = to_value(VERSION_KEY)?;
    let val = to_value(&version)?;
    store.put(&val, Some(&key)).await?;
    Ok(())
}

async fn insert_tx_op(
    tx: &Transaction,
    headers: VerifiedExtendedHeaders,
) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
    let head = headers.as_ref().first().expect("headers to not be empty");
    let tail = headers
        .as_ref()
        .last()
        .cloned()
        .expect("headers to not be empty");

    let header_store = tx.store(HEADER_STORE_NAME)?;
    let ranges_store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;

    let mut header_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY).await?;
    let mut sampled_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY).await?;
    let mut pruned_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, PRUNED_RANGES_KEY).await?;

    let headers_range = head.height()..=tail.height();
    let (prev_exists, next_exists) = header_ranges
        .check_insertion_constraints(&headers_range)
        .map_err(StoreInsertionError::ConstraintsNotMet)?;

    // header range is already internally verified against itself in `P2p::get_unverified_header_ranges`
    verify_against_neighbours(
        &header_store,
        prev_exists.then_some(head),
        next_exists.then_some(&tail),
    )
    .await?;

    for header in headers {
        let hash = header.hash();
        let hash_index = header_store.index(HASH_INDEX_NAME)?;
        let jsvalue_hash_key = KeyRange::only(&to_value(&hash)?).map_err(rexie::Error::IdbError)?;

        if hash_index.count(Some(jsvalue_hash_key)).await.unwrap_or(0) != 0 {
            // TODO: Replace this with `StoredDataError` when we implement
            // type-safe validation on insertion.
            return Err(StoreInsertionError::HashExists(hash).into());
        }

        let height = header.height();
        let header_entry = ExtendedHeaderEntry {
            height,
            hash,
            header: header.encode_vec(),
        };

        let jsvalue_header = to_value(&header_entry)?;

        header_store.add(&jsvalue_header, None).await?;
    }

    header_ranges
        .insert_relaxed(&headers_range)
        .expect("invalid range");
    sampled_ranges
        .remove_relaxed(&headers_range)
        .expect("invalid range");
    pruned_ranges
        .remove_relaxed(&headers_range)
        .expect("invalid range");

    set_ranges(&ranges_store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY, &header_ranges).await?;
    set_ranges(&ranges_store, SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY, &sampled_ranges).await?;
    set_ranges(&ranges_store, PRUNED_RANGES_KEY, &pruned_ranges).await?;

    Ok(tail)
}

async fn update_sampling_metadata_tx_op(
    tx: &Transaction,
    (height, cids): (u64, Vec<Cid>),
) -> Result<()> {
    let sampling_store = tx.store(SAMPLING_STORE_NAME)?;
    let ranges_store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;
    let header_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY).await?;

    if !header_ranges.contains(height) {
        return Err(StoreError::NotFound);
    }

    let height_key = to_value(&height)?;
    let new_entry = match sampling_store.get(height_key.clone()).await? {
        Some(previous_entry) => {
            let mut value: SamplingMetadata = from_value(previous_entry)?;

            for cid in cids {
                if !value.cids.contains(&cid) {
                    value.cids.push(cid);
                }
            }

            value
        }
        None => SamplingMetadata { cids },
    };

    let metadata_jsvalue = to_value(&new_entry)?;
    sampling_store
        .put(&metadata_jsvalue, Some(&height_key))
        .await?;

    Ok(())
}

async fn mark_as_sampled_tx_op(tx: &Transaction, height: u64) -> Result<()> {
    let ranges_store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;
    let header_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY).await?;
    let mut sampled_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY).await?;

    if !header_ranges.contains(height) {
        return Err(StoreError::NotFound);
    }

    sampled_ranges
        .insert_relaxed(height..=height)
        .expect("invalid height");

    set_ranges(&ranges_store, SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY, &sampled_ranges).await?;

    Ok(())
}

async fn remove_height_tx_op(tx: &Transaction, height: u64) -> Result<()> {
    let header_store = tx.store(HEADER_STORE_NAME)?;
    let height_index = header_store.index(HEIGHT_INDEX_NAME)?;
    let ranges_store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;
    let sampling_store = tx.store(SAMPLING_STORE_NAME)?;

    let mut header_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY).await?;
    let mut sampled_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY).await?;
    let mut pruned_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, PRUNED_RANGES_KEY).await?;

    if !header_ranges.contains(height) {
        return Err(StoreError::NotFound);
    }

    let jsvalue_height = to_value(&height).expect("to create jsvalue");

    let Some(header) = height_index.get(jsvalue_height.clone()).await? else {
        return Err(StoreError::StoredDataError(
            "inconsistency between headers and ranges table".into(),
        ));
    };

    let id = js_sys::Reflect::get(&header, &to_value("id")?)
        .map_err(|_| StoreError::StoredDataError("could not get header's DB id".into()))?;

    header_store.delete(id).await?;

    sampling_store.delete(jsvalue_height).await?;

    header_ranges
        .remove_relaxed(height..=height)
        .expect("invalid range");
    sampled_ranges
        .remove_relaxed(height..=height)
        .expect("invalid range");
    pruned_ranges
        .insert_relaxed(height..=height)
        .expect("invalid range");

    set_ranges(&ranges_store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY, &header_ranges).await?;
    set_ranges(&ranges_store, SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY, &sampled_ranges).await?;
    set_ranges(&ranges_store, PRUNED_RANGES_KEY, &pruned_ranges).await?;

    Ok(())
}

async fn migrate_older_to_v4(db: &Rexie) -> Result<()> {
    let version = detect_schema_version(db)
        .await?
        .expect("migrations never run on new db");

    if version >= 4 {
        // Nothing to migrate.
        return Ok(());
    }

    warn!("Migrating DB schema from v{version} to v4");

    let tx = db.transaction(
        &[HEADER_STORE_NAME, RANGES_STORE_NAME, SCHEMA_STORE_NAME],
        TransactionMode::ReadWrite,
    )?;
    let header_store = tx.store(HEADER_STORE_NAME)?;
    let ranges_store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;
    let schema_store = tx.store(SCHEMA_STORE_NAME)?;

    let ranges = if version <= 2 {
        match v2::get_head_header(&header_store).await {
            // On v2 there were no gaps between headers.
            Ok(head) => BlockRanges::from_vec(smallvec![1..=head.height()])
                .map_err(|e| StoreError::StoredDataError(e.to_string()))?,
            Err(StoreError::NotFound) => BlockRanges::new(),
            Err(e) => return Err(e),
        }
    } else {
        // On v3 ranges existed but in different format.
        v3::get_header_ranges(&ranges_store).await?
    };

    ranges_store.clear().await?;
    set_ranges(&ranges_store, HEADER_RANGES_KEY, &ranges).await?;

    // Migrated to version 4
    set_schema_version(&schema_store, 4).await?;

    tx.commit().await?;

    Ok(())
}

async fn migrate_v4_to_v5(db: &Rexie) -> Result<()> {
    let Some(version) = detect_schema_version(db).await? else {
        // New database.
        return Ok(());
    };

    if version >= 5 {
        // Nothing to migrate.
        return Ok(());
    }

    debug_assert_eq!(version, 4);
    warn!("Migrating DB schema from v4 to v5");

    let tx = db.transaction(
        &[SCHEMA_STORE_NAME, RANGES_STORE_NAME],
        TransactionMode::ReadWrite,
    )?;
    let schema_store = tx.store(SCHEMA_STORE_NAME)?;
    let ranges_store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME)?;

    // There are two changes in v5:
    //
    // * Removal of `SamplingStatus` in `SamplingMetadata`
    // * Rename of sampled ranges database key
    //
    // For the first one we don't need to take any actions because it will
    // be ignored by the deserializer.
    let sampled_ranges = get_ranges(&ranges_store, v4::SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY).await?;
    set_ranges(&ranges_store, SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY, &sampled_ranges).await?;
    ranges_store
        .delete(JsValue::from_str(v4::SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY))
        .await?;

    // Migrated to v5
    set_schema_version(&schema_store, 5).await?;

    tx.commit().await?;

    Ok(())
}

mod v2 {
    use super::*;

    pub(super) async fn get_head_header(store: &rexie::Store) -> Result<ExtendedHeader> {
        let store_head = store
            .scan(None, Some(1), None, Some(Direction::Prev))
            .await?
            .first()
            .ok_or(StoreError::NotFound)?
            .1
            .to_owned();

        let serialized_header = from_value::<ExtendedHeaderEntry>(store_head)?.header;

        ExtendedHeader::decode(serialized_header.as_ref())
            .map_err(|e| StoreError::StoredDataError(e.to_string()))
    }
}

mod v3 {
    use super::*;

    pub(super) async fn get_header_ranges(store: &rexie::Store) -> Result<BlockRanges> {
        let mut ranges = BlockRanges::default();

        for raw_range in store.get_all(None, None).await? {
            let (start, end) = from_value::<(u64, u64)>(raw_range)?;
            ranges
                .insert_relaxed(start..=end)
                .map_err(|e| StoreError::StoredDataError(e.to_string()))?;
        }

        Ok(ranges)
    }
}

mod v4 {
    pub(super) const SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY: &str = "accepted_sampling_ranges";
}

#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::test_utils::ExtendedHeaderGeneratorExt;
    use celestia_types::test_utils::ExtendedHeaderGenerator;
    use wasm_bindgen_test::wasm_bindgen_test;

    use crate::test_utils::new_indexed_db_store_name;

    #[wasm_bindgen_test]
    async fn test_large_db() {
        let store_name = new_indexed_db_store_name().await;
        let s = IndexedDbStore::new(&store_name)
            .await
            .expect("creating test store failed");

        let mut generator = ExtendedHeaderGenerator::new();
        let expected_height = 1_000;

        s.insert(generator.next_many_verified(expected_height))
            .await
            .expect("inserting test data failed");

        for h in 1..=expected_height {
            s.mark_as_sampled(h).await.expect("marking sampled failed");
            s.update_sampling_metadata(h, vec![])
                .await
                .expect("updating sampling metadata failed");
        }

        assert_eq!(s.get_head().unwrap().height(), expected_height);

        drop(s);
        // re-open the store, to force re-calculation of the cached heights
        let s = IndexedDbStore::new(&store_name)
            .await
            .expect("re-opening large test store failed");

        assert_eq!(s.get_head().unwrap().height(), expected_height);
    }

    #[wasm_bindgen_test]
    async fn test_header_persistence() {
        let store_name = new_indexed_db_store_name().await;

        let (original_store, mut generator) = gen_filled_store(0, &store_name).await;
        let original_headers = generator.next_many_verified(20);

        original_store
            .insert(original_headers.clone())
            .await
            .expect("inserting test data failed");
        drop(original_store);

        let reopened_store = IndexedDbStore::new(&store_name)
            .await
            .expect("failed to reopen store");

        assert_eq!(
            original_headers.as_ref().last().unwrap().height(),
            reopened_store.head_height().await.unwrap()
        );
        for original_header in original_headers.as_ref() {
            let stored_header = reopened_store
                .get_by_height(original_header.height())
                .await
                .unwrap();
            assert_eq!(original_header, &stored_header);
        }

        let new_headers = generator.next_many_verified(10);
        reopened_store
            .insert(new_headers.clone())
            .await
            .expect("failed to insert data");
        drop(reopened_store);

        let final_headers = original_headers
            .into_iter()
            .chain(new_headers.into_iter())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        let reopened_store = IndexedDbStore::new(&store_name)
            .await
            .expect("failed to reopen store");

        assert_eq!(
            final_headers.last().unwrap().height(),
            reopened_store.head_height().await.unwrap()
        );
        for original_header in &final_headers {
            let stored_header = reopened_store
                .get_by_height(original_header.height())
                .await
                .unwrap();
            assert_eq!(original_header, &stored_header);
        }
    }

    #[wasm_bindgen_test]
    async fn test_delete_db() {
        let store_name = new_indexed_db_store_name().await;

        let (original_store, _) = gen_filled_store(3, &store_name).await;
        assert_eq!(original_store.get_head_height().unwrap(), 3);

        original_store.delete_db().await.unwrap();

        let same_name_store = IndexedDbStore::new(&store_name)
            .await
            .expect("creating test store failed");

        assert!(matches!(
            same_name_store.get_head_height(),
            Err(StoreError::NotFound)
        ));
    }

    #[wasm_bindgen_test]
    async fn test_identity_persistence() {
        let store_name = new_indexed_db_store_name().await;

        let (original_store, _gen) = gen_filled_store(0, &store_name).await;
        let original_identity = original_store.get_identity().await.unwrap().public();
        drop(original_store);

        let reopened_store = IndexedDbStore::new(&store_name)
            .await
            .expect("failed to reopen store");
        let reopened_identity = reopened_store.get_identity().await.unwrap().public();

        assert_eq!(original_identity, reopened_identity);
    }

    mod migration_from_v1 {
        use super::*;

        const PREVIOUS_DB_VERSION: u32 = 1;

        // Set up the store manually with v1 schema (original, ExtendedHeader only), and fill
        // it with `hs` headers. It is a caller responsibility to make sure provided headers
        // are correct and in order.
        async fn init_store(name: &str, hs: Vec<ExtendedHeader>) {
            let rexie = Rexie::builder(name)
                .version(PREVIOUS_DB_VERSION)
                .add_object_store(
                    ObjectStore::new("headers")
                        .key_path("id")
                        .auto_increment(true)
                        .add_index(Index::new("hash", "hash").unique(true))
                        .add_index(Index::new("height", "height").unique(true)),
                )
                .build()
                .await
                .unwrap();

            let tx = rexie
                .transaction(&["headers"], TransactionMode::ReadWrite)
                .unwrap();
            let header_store = tx.store("headers").unwrap();

            for header in hs {
                let header_entry = ExtendedHeaderEntry {
                    height: header.height(),
                    hash: header.hash(),
                    header: header.encode_vec(),
                };

                header_store
                    .add(&to_value(&header_entry).unwrap(), None)
                    .await
                    .unwrap();
            }

            rexie.close();
        }

        #[wasm_bindgen_test]
        async fn migration_test() {
            let store_name = new_indexed_db_store_name().await;
            let mut generator = ExtendedHeaderGenerator::new();
            let headers = generator.next_many(20);

            init_store(&store_name, headers.clone()).await;

            let store = IndexedDbStore::new(&store_name)
                .await
                .expect("opening migrated store failed");

            for header in headers {
                let height = header.height();

                let header_by_hash = store.get_by_hash(&header.hash()).await.unwrap();
                assert_eq!(header, header_by_hash);

                let header_by_height = store.get_by_height(height).await.unwrap();
                assert_eq!(header, header_by_height);

                // migrated headers should be marked as not sampled
                let sampling_data = store.get_sampling_metadata(height).await.unwrap();
                assert!(sampling_data.is_none());
            }
        }
    }

    mod migration_from_v4 {
        use super::*;

        async fn init_store(name: &str) {
            let rexie = Rexie::builder(name)
                .version(4)
                .add_object_store(ObjectStore::new("ranges"))
                .add_object_store(ObjectStore::new("schema"))
                .build()
                .await
                .unwrap();

            let tx = rexie
                .transaction(&["schema", "ranges"], TransactionMode::ReadWrite)
                .unwrap();

            let schema_store = tx.store("schema").unwrap();
            schema_store
                .put(&to_value(&4).unwrap(), Some(&JsValue::from_str("version")))
                .await
                .unwrap();

            let ranges_store = tx.store("ranges").unwrap();
            ranges_store
                .put(
                    &to_value(&BlockRanges::try_from([123..=124]).unwrap()).unwrap(),
                    Some(&JsValue::from_str(v4::SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY)),
                )
                .await
                .unwrap();

            tx.commit().await.unwrap();
            rexie.close();
        }

        #[wasm_bindgen_test]
        async fn migration_test() {
            let store_name = new_indexed_db_store_name().await;

            // Prepare the store
            init_store(&store_name).await;

            // Migrate and check
            let store = IndexedDbStore::new(&store_name).await.unwrap();
            let ranges = store.get_sampled_ranges().await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(ranges, BlockRanges::try_from([123..=124]).unwrap());
            store.close().await.unwrap();

            // Check that old ranges were deleted
            let rexie = Rexie::builder(&store_name)
                .version(5)
                .add_object_store(ObjectStore::new("ranges"))
                .build()
                .await
                .unwrap();
            let tx = rexie
                .transaction(&[RANGES_STORE_NAME], TransactionMode::ReadOnly)
                .unwrap();
            let store = tx.store(RANGES_STORE_NAME).unwrap();
            assert!(
                store
                    .get(JsValue::from_str(v4::SAMPLED_RANGES_KEY))
                    .await
                    .unwrap()
                    .is_none()
            );
        }
    }

    // open IndexedDB with unique per-test name to avoid interference and make cleanup easier
    pub async fn gen_filled_store(
        amount: u64,
        name: &str,
    ) -> (IndexedDbStore, ExtendedHeaderGenerator) {
        Rexie::delete(name).await.unwrap();
        let s = IndexedDbStore::new(name)
            .await
            .expect("creating test store failed");
        let mut generator = ExtendedHeaderGenerator::new();

        s.insert(generator.next_many_verified(amount))
            .await
            .expect("inserting test data failed");

        (s, generator)
    }
}