llvm-native-core-ext 0.1.0

//! LLVM MCA (Machine Code Analyzer) — simulates instruction execution
//! for performance analysis of machine code sequences.
//! Clean-room behavioral reconstruction.
//!
//! LLVM MCA is a performance analysis tool that simulates the execution
//! of a sequence of machine instructions through a pipelined out-of-order
//! superscalar processor model. It estimates throughput, identifies
//! bottlenecks, and provides detailed resource pressure analysis.
//!
//! Algorithm:
//!   1. Parse user-provided assembly source into MCInst sequence
//!   2. Build a processor pipeline model with:
//!      - Dispatch stage: issues instructions to reservation stations
//!      - Issue stage: dispatches ready instructions to execution units
//!      - Execute stage: models execution latency and throughput
//!      - Retire stage: commits results in program order
//!   3. Simulate instruction flow cycle-by-cycle
//!   4. Track resource utilization (execution ports, functional units)
//!   5. Compute critical path (longest data-dependence chain)
//!   6. Generate a report with throughput, IPC, stalls, and resource
//!      pressure metrics
//!
//! The simulation is iterative: each instruction passes through a
//! pipeline modeled after modern out-of-order cores (e.g., Intel
//! Skylake-like model with multiple dispatch/issue width).

use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};

// ============================================================================
// MC Instruction (simplified for MCA)
// ============================================================================

/// A simplified machine instruction for MCA simulation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct MCInst {
    /// The instruction mnemonic (e.g., "add", "mul", "ldr").
    pub mnemonic: String,
    /// Operand register IDs.
    pub operands: Vec<u32>,
    /// Estimated execution latency in cycles.
    pub latency: u32,
    /// Which execution port(s) this instruction can use (bitmask).
    pub ports: u32,
    /// Whether this instruction consumes multiple dispatch slots.
    pub micro_ops: u32,
    /// Whether this instruction writes a result register.
    pub writes_result: bool,
    /// The destination register, if any.
    pub dest_reg: Option<u32>,
    /// Source registers that must be ready before issue.
    pub source_regs: Vec<u32>,
}

// ============================================================================
// MCA Analysis Result
// ============================================================================

/// Result of the MCA simulation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct MCAnalysisResult {
    /// Total cycles simulated.
    pub total_cycles: u64,
    /// Number of instructions in the input.
    pub instructions: usize,
    /// Instructions per cycle (throughput).
    pub ipc: f64,
    /// Number of dispatch stalls (no dispatch slot available).
    pub dispatch_stalls: usize,
    /// Number of issue stalls (operands not ready).
    pub issue_stalls: usize,
    /// Resource pressure: execution port → fraction of time utilized.
    pub resource_pressure: HashMap<String, f64>,
    /// Cycle-by-cycle timeline of events.
    pub timeline: Vec<TimelineEvent>,
}

// ============================================================================
// Timeline Event
// ============================================================================

/// A single event in the simulation timeline.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct TimelineEvent {
    /// The cycle at which this event occurs.
    pub cycle: u64,
    /// The instruction index (0-based).
    pub instruction: usize,
    /// Event type: Dispatched, Issued, Executing, Executed, Retired.
    pub event: String,
}

// ============================================================================
// LLVM MCA Pass
// ============================================================================

/// LLVMMCA — Machine Code Analyzer for performance simulation.
pub struct LLVMMCA {
    /// Assembly source code to analyze.
    pub source: String,
    /// Number of iterations to simulate (for loop throughput estimation).
    pub iterations: usize,
}

impl LLVMMCA {
    /// Create a new MCA analyzer with the given assembly source.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    /// * `source` - Assembly source code to analyze.
    pub fn new(source: &str) -> Self {
        Self {
            source: source.to_string(),
            iterations: 100,
        }
    }

    /// Set the number of iterations for loop throughput analysis.
    pub fn set_iterations(&mut self, n: usize) {
        self.iterations = n;
    }

    // ========================================================================
    // Main entry point
    // ========================================================================

    /// Run the MCA simulation and return the analysis result.
    pub fn run(&mut self) -> MCAnalysisResult {
        // Parse the assembly source into instructions
        let instructions = self.parse_source();

        // Simulate the pipeline
        self.simulate_pipeline(&instructions)
    }

    // ========================================================================
    // Parsing
    // ========================================================================

    /// Parse the assembly source string into a sequence of MCInst.
    /// Supports a simple assembly dialect:
    ///   - One instruction per line
    ///   - Format: "mnemonic dst, src1, src2"
    ///   - Lines starting with '#' or ';' are comments
    ///   - Register names like "r0", "r1", etc. are mapped to numeric IDs
    fn parse_source(&self) -> Vec<MCInst> {
        let mut instructions = Vec::new();
        let mut reg_map: HashMap<String, u32> = HashMap::new();
        let mut next_reg = 0u32;

        for line in self.source.lines() {
            let line = line.trim();

            // Skip empty lines and comments
            if line.is_empty() || line.starts_with('#') || line.starts_with(';') {
                continue;
            }

            // Split into mnemonic and operands
            let parts: Vec<&str> = line.splitn(2, |c: char| c == ' ' || c == '\t').collect();
            if parts.is_empty() {
                continue;
            }

            let mnemonic = parts[0].trim().to_lowercase();
            let operands_str = if parts.len() > 1 { parts[1].trim() } else { "" };

            // Parse operand register names
            let mut operands = Vec::new();
            let mut dest_reg: Option<u32> = None;
            let mut source_regs = Vec::new();

            for (i, op_str) in operands_str.split(',').enumerate() {
                let op = op_str.trim();
                if op.is_empty() {
                    continue;
                }

                // Map register name to numeric ID
                let reg_id = *reg_map.entry(op.to_string()).or_insert_with(|| {
                    let id = next_reg;
                    next_reg += 1;
                    id
                });

                operands.push(reg_id);

                if i == 0 {
                    // First operand is typically the destination
                    dest_reg = Some(reg_id);
                } else {
                    source_regs.push(reg_id);
                }
            }

            // Determine instruction characteristics based on mnemonic
            let (latency, ports, micro_ops, writes_result) = self.get_instruction_info(&mnemonic);

            instructions.push(MCInst {
                mnemonic,
                operands,
                latency,
                ports,
                micro_ops,
                writes_result,
                dest_reg,
                source_regs,
            });
        }

        instructions
    }

    /// Get instruction latency, port usage, and micro-operation count
    /// for a given mnemonic. Based on typical x86-64/Skylake latencies.
    fn get_instruction_info(&self, mnemonic: &str) -> (u32, u32, u32, bool) {
        match mnemonic {
            // Simple ALU ops: 1 cycle latency, can use any ALU port
            "add" | "sub" | "and" | "or" | "xor" | "shl" | "shr" | "mov" => (1, 0xFF, 1, true),
            // Integer multiply: 3 cycle latency, specific port
            "mul" | "imul" => (3, 0x01, 1, true),
            // Integer division: variable latency, specific port
            "div" | "idiv" => (20, 0x01, 1, true),
            // Float add: 4 cycle latency
            "fadd" | "addss" | "addsd" => (4, 0x10, 1, true),
            // Float multiply: 4 cycle latency
            "fmul" | "mulss" | "mulsd" => (4, 0x10, 1, true),
            // Float division: 14 cycle latency
            "fdiv" | "divss" | "divsd" => (14, 0x10, 1, true),
            // Load: 5 cycle latency (L1 cache hit), load port
            "ldr" | "load" | "movload" | "ld" => (5, 0x20, 1, true),
            // Store: 1 cycle (store buffer), store port
            "str" | "store" | "st" => (1, 0x40, 1, false),
            // Branch: 1 cycle, branch unit
            "br" | "b" | "jmp" | "j" | "je" | "jne" | "jg" | "jl" | "call" | "ret" => {
                (1, 0x80, 1, false)
            }
            // Compare: 1 cycle, any ALU port
            "cmp" | "test" => (1, 0xFF, 1, false),
            // Default: assume 1 cycle, any port
            _ => (1, 0xFF, 1, true),
        }
    }

    // ========================================================================
    // Pipeline simulation
    // ========================================================================

    /// Simulate the execution pipeline for the given instruction sequence.
    ///
    /// Models a simplified out-of-order core with:
    ///   - Dispatch width: 4 instructions/cycle
    ///   - Issue width: 4 instructions/cycle
    ///   - Retire width: 4 instructions/cycle
    ///   - Reorder buffer size: 224 entries
    ///   - Reservation station size: 97 entries
    fn simulate_pipeline(&self, instructions: &[MCInst]) -> MCAnalysisResult {
        let n = instructions.len();
        if n == 0 {
            return MCAnalysisResult {
                total_cycles: 0,
                instructions: 0,
                ipc: 0.0,
                dispatch_stalls: 0,
                issue_stalls: 0,
                resource_pressure: HashMap::new(),
                timeline: Vec::new(),
            };
        }

        let dispatch_width = 4;
        let issue_width = 4;
        let retire_width = 4;
        let rob_size = 224;

        // State tracking
        let mut timeline: Vec<TimelineEvent> = Vec::new();
        let mut cycle: u64 = 0;
        let mut dispatch_idx: usize = 0; // Next instruction to dispatch
        let mut rob: VecDeque<InFlight> = VecDeque::new();
        let mut ready_queue: Vec<usize> = Vec::new(); // Indices of ready instructions in ROB
        let mut retire_idx: usize = 0; // Next instruction to retire (program order)

        // Register write-back tracking: reg_id → cycle when result is available
        let mut reg_ready: HashMap<u32, u64> = HashMap::new();

        // Resource tracking
        let mut dispatch_stalls = 0usize;
        let mut issue_stalls = 0usize;
        let mut port_usage: HashMap<String, u64> = HashMap::new();
        port_usage.insert("Port0".into(), 0);
        port_usage.insert("Port1".into(), 0);
        port_usage.insert("Port2".into(), 0);
        port_usage.insert("Port3".into(), 0);
        port_usage.insert("Port4".into(), 0);
        port_usage.insert("Port5".into(), 0);
        port_usage.insert("Port6".into(), 0);
        port_usage.insert("Port7".into(), 0);

        let max_cycles = (n * 10) as u64 + 1000; // Safety limit
        let mut total_retired = 0usize;

        while retire_idx < n && cycle < max_cycles {
            // ================================================================
            // Retire stage
            // ================================================================
            let mut retired_this_cycle = 0usize;
            while retired_this_cycle < retire_width && retire_idx < n {
                if let Some(front) = rob.front() {
                    if front.state == InFlightState::Executed && front.ready_cycle <= cycle {
                        let inflight = rob.pop_front().unwrap();
                        timeline.push(TimelineEvent {
                            cycle,
                            instruction: inflight.instr_idx,
                            event: "Retired".into(),
                        });

                        // Update register ready time
                        if let Some(dest_reg) = instructions[inflight.instr_idx].dest_reg {
                            reg_ready.insert(
                                dest_reg,
                                cycle + 1, // Available next cycle
                            );
                        }

                        retire_idx += 1;
                        total_retired += 1;
                        retired_this_cycle += 1;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }

            // ================================================================
            // Issue stage: move ready instructions from ROB to execution
            // ================================================================
            let mut issued_this_cycle = 0usize;
            {
                let mut to_issue: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
                for (rob_idx, inflight) in rob.iter().enumerate() {
                    if issued_this_cycle >= issue_width {
                        break;
                    }
                    if inflight.state != InFlightState::Dispatched {
                        continue;
                    }

                    // Check if all source operands are ready
                    let inst = &instructions[inflight.instr_idx];
                    let all_ready = inst.source_regs.iter().all(|reg| {
                        reg_ready
                            .get(reg)
                            .map_or(true, |&ready_cycle| ready_cycle <= cycle)
                    });

                    if all_ready {
                        to_issue.push(rob_idx);
                        issued_this_cycle += 1;
                    }
                }

                for &rob_idx in &to_issue {
                    if let Some(inflight) = rob.get_mut(rob_idx) {
                        let inst_idx = inflight.instr_idx;
                        let inst = &instructions[inst_idx];
                        let execute_cycles = inst.latency as u64;

                        inflight.state = InFlightState::Executing;
                        inflight.ready_cycle = cycle + execute_cycles;
                        inflight.issue_cycle = cycle;

                        timeline.push(TimelineEvent {
                            cycle,
                            instruction: inst_idx,
                            event: "Issued".into(),
                        });

                        // Track port usage
                        if inst.ports & 0x01 != 0 {
                            *port_usage.entry("Port0".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                        }
                        if inst.ports & 0x02 != 0 {
                            *port_usage.entry("Port1".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                        }
                        if inst.ports & 0x04 != 0 {
                            *port_usage.entry("Port2".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                        }
                        if inst.ports & 0x08 != 0 {
                            *port_usage.entry("Port3".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                        }
                        if inst.ports & 0x10 != 0 {
                            *port_usage.entry("Port4".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                        }
                        if inst.ports & 0x20 != 0 {
                            *port_usage.entry("Port5".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                        }
                        if inst.ports & 0x40 != 0 {
                            *port_usage.entry("Port6".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                        }
                        if inst.ports & 0x80 != 0 {
                            *port_usage.entry("Port7".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if issued_this_cycle == 0 && !rob.is_empty() {
                let has_dispatched = rob.iter().any(|i| i.state == InFlightState::Dispatched);
                if has_dispatched {
                    issue_stalls += 1;
                }
            }

            // ================================================================
            // Execute stage: mark completed instructions
            // ================================================================
            for inflight in rob.iter_mut() {
                if inflight.state == InFlightState::Executing && inflight.ready_cycle <= cycle {
                    inflight.state = InFlightState::Executed;
                    timeline.push(TimelineEvent {
                        cycle,
                        instruction: inflight.instr_idx,
                        event: "Executed".into(),
                    });
                }
            }

            // ================================================================
            // Dispatch stage
            // ================================================================
            let mut dispatched_this_cycle = 0usize;
            while dispatched_this_cycle < dispatch_width && dispatch_idx < n && rob.len() < rob_size
            {
                let inst = &instructions[dispatch_idx];

                // Check dispatch constraints (simplified)
                if rob.len() + inst.micro_ops as usize <= rob_size {
                    rob.push_back(InFlight {
                        instr_idx: dispatch_idx,
                        state: InFlightState::Dispatched,
                        ready_cycle: 0,
                        issue_cycle: 0,
                    });

                    timeline.push(TimelineEvent {
                        cycle,
                        instruction: dispatch_idx,
                        event: "Dispatched".into(),
                    });

                    dispatch_idx += 1;
                    dispatched_this_cycle += 1;
                } else {
                    dispatch_stalls += 1;
                    break;
                }
            }

            cycle += 1;
        }

        // Compute resource pressure
        let resource_pressure = self.compute_resource_pressure(&timeline);

        // Compute critical path
        let _critical_path = self.compute_critical_path(instructions);

        // Compute IPC
        let ipc = if cycle > 0 {
            total_retired as f64 / cycle as f64
        } else {
            0.0
        };

        MCAnalysisResult {
            total_cycles: cycle,
            instructions: n,
            ipc,
            dispatch_stalls,
            issue_stalls,
            resource_pressure,
            timeline,
        }
    }

    // ========================================================================
    // Critical path analysis
    // ========================================================================

    /// Compute the length of the critical path (longest data-dependence
    /// chain) in the instruction sequence.
    fn compute_critical_path(&self, instructions: &[MCInst]) -> u64 {
        let n = instructions.len();
        if n == 0 {
            return 0;
        }

        // For each instruction, track the earliest cycle it can complete
        let mut completion_time: Vec<u64> = vec![0u64; n];
        let mut reg_last_writer: HashMap<u32, u64> = HashMap::new();

        for (i, inst) in instructions.iter().enumerate() {
            let mut earliest_start = 0u64;

            // Data dependencies: must wait for source register producers
            for src_reg in &inst.source_regs {
                if let Some(&producer_time) = reg_last_writer.get(src_reg) {
                    earliest_start = earliest_start.max(producer_time);
                }
            }

            let complete_at = earliest_start + inst.latency as u64;
            completion_time[i] = complete_at;

            // Update register last writer
            if let Some(dest_reg) = inst.dest_reg {
                reg_last_writer.insert(dest_reg, complete_at);
            }
        }

        // Critical path = max completion time
        completion_time.iter().max().copied().unwrap_or(0)
    }

    // ========================================================================
    // Resource pressure analysis
    // ========================================================================

    /// Compute resource pressure (utilization fraction) for each
    /// execution port based on the timeline.
    fn compute_resource_pressure(&self, timeline: &[TimelineEvent]) -> HashMap<String, f64> {
        let mut pressure: HashMap<String, f64> = HashMap::new();
        let mut port_usage: HashMap<String, u64> = HashMap::new();
        let mut total_cycles: u64 = 0;

        for event in timeline {
            total_cycles = total_cycles.max(event.cycle);
            if event.event == "Issued" {
                // Increment port usage based on instruction
                // (simplified: count each issue event)
                *port_usage.entry("Port0".into()).or_insert(0) += 1;
            }
        }

        if total_cycles > 0 {
            for (port, count) in &port_usage {
                let fraction = *count as f64 / total_cycles as f64;
                pressure.insert(port.clone(), fraction);
            }
        }

        // Ensure all standard ports appear
        for port in &[
            "Port0", "Port1", "Port2", "Port3", "Port4", "Port5", "Port6", "Port7",
        ] {
            pressure.entry(port.to_string()).or_insert(0.0);
        }

        pressure
    }

    // ========================================================================
    // Report generation
    // ========================================================================

    /// Generate a human-readable report from the analysis result.
    pub fn print_report(&self, result: &MCAnalysisResult) -> String {
        let mut report = String::new();

        report.push_str("=== LLVM MCA Analysis Report ===\n\n");
        report.push_str(&format!("Total Instructions: {}\n", result.instructions));
        report.push_str(&format!("Total Cycles: {}\n", result.total_cycles));
        report.push_str(&format!("IPC: {:.4}\n", result.ipc));
        report.push_str(&format!("Dispatch Stalls: {}\n", result.dispatch_stalls));
        report.push_str(&format!("Issue Stalls: {}\n", result.issue_stalls));
        report.push_str("\n--- Resource Pressure ---\n");

        for (port, pressure) in &result.resource_pressure {
            report.push_str(&format!("  {}: {:.2}%\n", port, pressure * 100.0));
        }

        report.push_str("\n--- Timeline (first 20 events) ---\n");
        for (i, event) in result.timeline.iter().take(20).enumerate() {
            report.push_str(&format!(
                "  [{}] Cycle {}: Inst {} {}\n",
                i, event.cycle, event.instruction, event.event
            ));
        }

        if result.timeline.len() > 20 {
            report.push_str(&format!(
                "  ... and {} more events\n",
                result.timeline.len() - 20
            ));
        }

        report
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Internal types
// ============================================================================

/// State of an instruction in the pipeline.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum InFlightState {
    /// Waiting in the reorder buffer for operands to become ready.
    Dispatched,
    /// Executing in a functional unit.
    Executing,
    /// Execution complete, waiting to retire.
    Executed,
}

/// An instruction currently in the processor pipeline.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct InFlight {
    /// Index into the original instruction list.
    instr_idx: usize,
    /// Current pipeline state.
    state: InFlightState,
    /// Cycle at which execution will complete.
    ready_cycle: u64,
    /// Cycle at which the instruction was issued.
    issue_cycle: u64,
}

// ============================================================================
// Pipeline Configuration
// ============================================================================

/// Configurable parameters for the MCA pipeline model.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PipelineConfig {
    /// Maximum number of instructions dispatched per cycle.
    pub dispatch_width: usize,
    /// Maximum number of instructions issued per cycle.
    pub issue_width: usize,
    /// Maximum number of instructions retired per cycle.
    pub retire_width: usize,
    /// Size of the reorder buffer.
    pub reorder_buffer_size: usize,
    /// Size of the load queue.
    pub load_queue_size: usize,
    /// Size of the store queue.
    pub store_queue_size: usize,
    /// Size of the physical register file.
    pub register_file_size: usize,
    /// Size of the unified reservation station.
    pub reservation_station_size: usize,
}

impl Default for PipelineConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            dispatch_width: 4,
            issue_width: 4,
            retire_width: 4,
            reorder_buffer_size: 224,
            load_queue_size: 72,
            store_queue_size: 56,
            register_file_size: 180,
            reservation_station_size: 97,
        }
    }
}

impl PipelineConfig {
    pub fn skylake() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }
    pub fn zen4() -> Self {
        Self {
            dispatch_width: 6,
            issue_width: 6,
            retire_width: 8,
            reorder_buffer_size: 320,
            load_queue_size: 116,
            store_queue_size: 64,
            register_file_size: 224,
            reservation_station_size: 128,
        }
    }
    pub fn apple_m1() -> Self {
        Self {
            dispatch_width: 8,
            issue_width: 8,
            retire_width: 8,
            reorder_buffer_size: 630,
            load_queue_size: 128,
            store_queue_size: 96,
            register_file_size: 384,
            reservation_station_size: 192,
        }
    }
    pub fn in_order() -> Self {
        Self {
            dispatch_width: 1,
            issue_width: 1,
            retire_width: 1,
            reorder_buffer_size: 4,
            load_queue_size: 4,
            store_queue_size: 4,
            register_file_size: 32,
            reservation_station_size: 0,
        }
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Pipeline Stages
// ============================================================================

pub struct FetchStage {
    fetch_ptr: usize,
    fetch_width: usize,
    total_fetched: usize,
    fetch_stalls: usize,
}

impl FetchStage {
    pub fn new(fetch_width: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            fetch_ptr: 0,
            fetch_width,
            total_fetched: 0,
            fetch_stalls: 0,
        }
    }
    pub fn fetch(
        &mut self,
        total_insts: usize,
        queue_capacity: usize,
        queue_len: usize,
    ) -> Vec<usize> {
        let available = queue_capacity.saturating_sub(queue_len);
        let can_fetch = self.fetch_width.min(available);
        if can_fetch == 0 {
            self.fetch_stalls += 1;
            return vec![];
        }
        let end = (self.fetch_ptr + can_fetch).min(total_insts);
        let fetched: Vec<usize> = (self.fetch_ptr..end).collect();
        self.fetch_ptr = end;
        self.total_fetched += fetched.len();
        fetched
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.fetch_ptr = 0;
        self.total_fetched = 0;
        self.fetch_stalls = 0;
    }
    pub fn fetch_stalls(&self) -> usize {
        self.fetch_stalls
    }
    pub fn total_fetched(&self) -> usize {
        self.total_fetched
    }
}

pub struct DecodeStage {
    decode_width: usize,
    total_decoded: usize,
    decode_stalls: usize,
}

impl DecodeStage {
    pub fn new(decode_width: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            decode_width,
            total_decoded: 0,
            decode_stalls: 0,
        }
    }
    pub fn decode(&mut self, inst_indices: &[usize], insts: &[MCInst]) -> usize {
        let mut uops = 0usize;
        for &idx in inst_indices.iter().take(self.decode_width) {
            if idx < insts.len() {
                uops += insts[idx].micro_ops as usize;
            }
        }
        if uops == 0 && !inst_indices.is_empty() {
            self.decode_stalls += 1;
        }
        self.total_decoded += uops;
        uops
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.total_decoded = 0;
        self.decode_stalls = 0;
    }
    pub fn decode_stalls(&self) -> usize {
        self.decode_stalls
    }
}

pub struct DispatchStage {
    dispatch_width: usize,
    total_dispatched: usize,
    dispatch_stalls: usize,
}

impl DispatchStage {
    pub fn new(dispatch_width: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            dispatch_width,
            total_dispatched: 0,
            dispatch_stalls: 0,
        }
    }
    pub fn dispatch(
        &mut self,
        inst_indices: &[usize],
        rob_used: usize,
        rob_capacity: usize,
    ) -> usize {
        let available = rob_capacity.saturating_sub(rob_used);
        let can = self.dispatch_width.min(available).min(inst_indices.len());
        if can == 0 && !inst_indices.is_empty() {
            self.dispatch_stalls += 1;
        }
        self.total_dispatched += can;
        can
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.total_dispatched = 0;
        self.dispatch_stalls = 0;
    }
    pub fn dispatch_stalls(&self) -> usize {
        self.dispatch_stalls
    }
    pub fn total_dispatched(&self) -> usize {
        self.total_dispatched
    }
}

pub struct ExecuteStage {
    total_exec_cycles: u64,
    total_executed: usize,
}

impl ExecuteStage {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            total_exec_cycles: 0,
            total_executed: 0,
        }
    }
    pub fn tick(&mut self, inflight: &mut [InFlight], cycle: u64, _insts: &[MCInst]) -> usize {
        let mut executed = 0usize;
        for entry in inflight.iter_mut() {
            if entry.state == InFlightState::Executing && entry.ready_cycle <= cycle {
                entry.state = InFlightState::Executed;
                executed += 1;
            }
        }
        self.total_executed += executed;
        self.total_exec_cycles += 1;
        executed
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.total_exec_cycles = 0;
        self.total_executed = 0;
    }
}

pub struct RetireStage {
    retire_width: usize,
    total_retired: usize,
    retire_stalls: usize,
}

impl RetireStage {
    pub fn new(retire_width: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            retire_width,
            total_retired: 0,
            retire_stalls: 0,
        }
    }
    pub fn retire(&mut self, rob: &mut VecDeque<InFlight>, cycle: u64) -> usize {
        let mut retired = 0usize;
        while retired < self.retire_width {
            match rob.front() {
                Some(e) if e.state == InFlightState::Executed && e.ready_cycle <= cycle => {
                    rob.pop_front();
                    retired += 1;
                }
                _ => break,
            }
        }
        if retired == 0 && !rob.is_empty() {
            self.retire_stalls += 1;
        }
        self.total_retired += retired;
        retired
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.total_retired = 0;
        self.retire_stalls = 0;
    }
    pub fn retire_stalls(&self) -> usize {
        self.retire_stalls
    }
    pub fn total_retired(&self) -> usize {
        self.total_retired
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Instruction Scheduler
// ============================================================================

pub struct Scheduler {
    issue_width: usize,
    reservation_station: Vec<Option<usize>>,
    resource_manager: ResourceManager,
    issue_stalls: usize,
    total_issued: usize,
}

impl Scheduler {
    pub fn new(issue_width: usize, rs_size: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            issue_width,
            reservation_station: vec![None; rs_size],
            resource_manager: ResourceManager::new(),
            issue_stalls: 0,
            total_issued: 0,
        }
    }
    pub fn insert_into_rs(&mut self, instr_idx: usize) -> bool {
        for slot in self.reservation_station.iter_mut() {
            if slot.is_none() {
                *slot = Some(instr_idx);
                return true;
            }
        }
        false
    }
    pub fn remove_from_rs(&mut self, instr_idx: usize) {
        for slot in self.reservation_station.iter_mut() {
            if *slot == Some(instr_idx) {
                *slot = None;
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    pub fn issue(
        &mut self,
        insts: &[MCInst],
        reg_ready: &HashMap<u32, u64>,
        cycle: u64,
    ) -> Vec<usize> {
        let mut issued = Vec::new();
        for slot in self.reservation_station.iter() {
            if issued.len() >= self.issue_width {
                break;
            }
            if let Some(idx) = slot {
                let inst = &insts[*idx];
                let all_ready = inst
                    .source_regs
                    .iter()
                    .all(|reg| reg_ready.get(reg).map_or(true, |&t| t <= cycle));
                if all_ready && self.resource_manager.can_issue(inst, cycle) {
                    self.resource_manager.reserve(inst, cycle);
                    issued.push(*idx);
                }
            }
        }
        if issued.is_empty() {
            let has_any = self.reservation_station.iter().any(|s| s.is_some());
            if has_any {
                self.issue_stalls += 1;
            }
        }
        self.total_issued += issued.len();
        issued
    }
    pub fn rs_used(&self) -> usize {
        self.reservation_station
            .iter()
            .filter(|s| s.is_some())
            .count()
    }
    pub fn rs_capacity(&self) -> usize {
        self.reservation_station.len()
    }
    pub fn issue_stalls(&self) -> usize {
        self.issue_stalls
    }
    pub fn total_issued(&self) -> usize {
        self.total_issued
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        for slot in self.reservation_station.iter_mut() {
            *slot = None;
        }
        self.resource_manager.reset();
        self.issue_stalls = 0;
        self.total_issued = 0;
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Resource Modeling
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct HardwareUnit {
    pub name: String,
    pub count: usize,
    pub pipelined: bool,
    pub latency: u32,
}

impl HardwareUnit {
    pub fn new(name: &str, count: usize, pipelined: bool, latency: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            name: name.to_string(),
            count,
            pipelined,
            latency,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ResourceState {
    pub unit: HardwareUnit,
    busy_until: Vec<u64>,
}

impl ResourceState {
    pub fn new(unit: HardwareUnit) -> Self {
        let busy_until = vec![0u64; unit.count];
        Self { unit, busy_until }
    }
    pub fn is_available(&self, cycle: u64) -> bool {
        self.busy_until.iter().any(|&t| t <= cycle)
    }
    pub fn reserve(&mut self, cycle: u64) -> bool {
        for slot in self.busy_until.iter_mut() {
            if *slot <= cycle {
                *slot = cycle + self.unit.latency as u64;
                return true;
            }
        }
        false
    }
    pub fn next_available(&self) -> u64 {
        self.busy_until.iter().min().copied().unwrap_or(0)
    }
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        for slot in self.busy_until.iter_mut() {
            *slot = 0;
        }
    }
}

pub struct ResourceManager {
    resources: HashMap<String, ResourceState>,
    port_map: HashMap<u32, Vec<String>>,
}

impl ResourceManager {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        let mut rm = Self {
            resources: HashMap::new(),
            port_map: HashMap::new(),
        };
        for (name, latency) in &[
            ("Port0", 1),
            ("Port1", 1),
            ("Port2", 1),
            ("Port3", 1),
            ("Port4", 1),
            ("Port5", 1),
            ("Port6", 1),
            ("Port7", 1),
            ("FPU0", 4),
            ("FPU1", 4),
            ("AGU0", 5),
            ("AGU1", 5),
            ("BranchUnit", 1),
            ("Divider", 20),
        ] {
            rm.resources.insert(
                name.to_string(),
                ResourceState::new(HardwareUnit::new(name, 1, true, *latency)),
            );
        }
        for (mask, ports) in &[
            (0x01u32, vec!["Port0"]),
            (0x02, vec!["Port1"]),
            (0x04, vec!["Port2"]),
            (0x08, vec!["Port3"]),
            (0x10, vec!["Port4"]),
            (0x20, vec!["Port5"]),
            (0x40, vec!["Port6"]),
            (0x80, vec!["Port7"]),
        ] {
            rm.port_map
                .insert(*mask, ports.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect());
        }
        rm
    }

    pub fn can_issue(&self, inst: &MCInst, cycle: u64) -> bool {
        for bit in 0..8 {
            let mask = 1u32 << bit;
            if inst.ports & mask != 0 {
                if let Some(names) = self.port_map.get(&mask) {
                    for name in names {
                        if let Some(rs) = self.resources.get(name) {
                            if !rs.is_available(cycle) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        true
    }

    pub fn reserve(&mut self, inst: &MCInst, cycle: u64) -> bool {
        if !self.can_issue(inst, cycle) {
            return false;
        }
        for bit in 0..8 {
            let mask = 1u32 << bit;
            if inst.ports & mask != 0 {
                if let Some(names) = self.port_map.get(&mask) {
                    for name in names {
                        if let Some(rs) = self.resources.get_mut(name) {
                            rs.reserve(cycle);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        true
    }

    pub fn utilization(&self, total_cycles: u64) -> HashMap<String, f64> {
        let mut util = HashMap::new();
        let tc = total_cycles.max(1);
        for (name, rs) in &self.resources {
            let total_busy: u64 = rs.busy_until.iter().sum();
            let max_cap = rs.unit.count as u64 * tc;
            util.insert(
                name.clone(),
                if max_cap > 0 {
                    total_busy as f64 / max_cap as f64
                } else {
                    0.0
                },
            );
        }
        util
    }

    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        for rs in self.resources.values_mut() {
            rs.reset();
        }
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Performance Event Tracking
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct DetailedEvent {
    pub cycle: u64,
    pub inst_idx: usize,
    pub mnemonic: String,
    pub event_type: EventType,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum EventType {
    Fetched,
    Decoded,
    Dispatched,
    Issued,
    Executing,
    Executed,
    Retired,
    StalledDispatch,
    StalledIssue,
    StalledRetire,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Timeline {
    events: Vec<DetailedEvent>,
    total_cycles: u64,
}

impl Timeline {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            events: Vec::new(),
            total_cycles: 0,
        }
    }
    pub fn record(&mut self, cycle: u64, inst_idx: usize, mnemonic: &str, event: EventType) {
        self.events.push(DetailedEvent {
            cycle,
            inst_idx,
            mnemonic: mnemonic.to_string(),
            event_type: event,
        });
        self.total_cycles = self.total_cycles.max(cycle + 1);
    }
    pub fn total_cycles(&self) -> u64 {
        self.total_cycles
    }
    pub fn event_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.events.len()
    }
    pub fn events_at(&self, cycle: u64) -> Vec<&DetailedEvent> {
        self.events.iter().filter(|e| e.cycle == cycle).collect()
    }
    pub fn count_by_type(&self, et: EventType) -> usize {
        self.events.iter().filter(|e| e.event_type == et).count()
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct TimelineView {
    pub total_cycles: u64,
    pub dispatched: usize,
    pub issued: usize,
    pub executed: usize,
    pub retired: usize,
    pub dispatch_stalls: usize,
    pub issue_stalls: usize,
    pub retire_stalls: usize,
    pub ipc: f64,
}

impl TimelineView {
    pub fn from_timeline(tl: &Timeline) -> Self {
        let retired = tl.count_by_type(EventType::Retired);
        Self {
            total_cycles: tl.total_cycles,
            dispatched: tl.count_by_type(EventType::Dispatched),
            issued: tl.count_by_type(EventType::Issued),
            executed: tl.count_by_type(EventType::Executed),
            retired,
            dispatch_stalls: tl.count_by_type(EventType::StalledDispatch),
            issue_stalls: tl.count_by_type(EventType::StalledIssue),
            retire_stalls: tl.count_by_type(EventType::StalledRetire),
            ipc: if tl.total_cycles > 0 {
                retired as f64 / tl.total_cycles as f64
            } else {
                0.0
            },
        }
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Bottleneck Analysis
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Bottleneck {
    pub description: String,
    pub severity: f64,
    pub bottleneck_type: BottleneckType,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum BottleneckType {
    DispatchWidth,
    ResourceContention,
    DataDependency,
    StructuralHazard,
    FrontEnd,
    BackEnd,
    Retirement,
}

pub fn analyze_bottlenecks(
    view: &TimelineView,
    resource_pressure: &HashMap<String, f64>,
    config: &PipelineConfig,
) -> Vec<Bottleneck> {
    let mut bl = Vec::new();
    if view.total_cycles > 0 {
        let eff =
            view.dispatched as f64 / (view.total_cycles as f64 * config.dispatch_width as f64);
        if eff < 0.5 {
            bl.push(Bottleneck {
                description: format!("Low dispatch utilization ({:.1}%)", eff * 100.0),
                severity: 1.0 - eff,
                bottleneck_type: BottleneckType::DispatchWidth,
            });
        }
    }
    for (res, pressure) in resource_pressure {
        if *pressure > 0.8 {
            bl.push(Bottleneck {
                description: format!("High pressure on {}: {:.1}%", res, pressure * 100.0),
                severity: *pressure,
                bottleneck_type: BottleneckType::ResourceContention,
            });
        }
    }
    let total_stalls = (view.dispatch_stalls + view.issue_stalls + view.retire_stalls).max(1);
    if view.issue_stalls > view.dispatch_stalls + view.retire_stalls {
        bl.push(Bottleneck {
            description: "Back-end bound".into(),
            severity: view.issue_stalls as f64 / total_stalls as f64,
            bottleneck_type: BottleneckType::BackEnd,
        });
    }
    if view.retire_stalls > view.dispatch_stalls && view.retire_stalls > view.issue_stalls {
        bl.push(Bottleneck {
            description: "Retirement bound".into(),
            severity: view.retire_stalls as f64 / total_stalls as f64,
            bottleneck_type: BottleneckType::Retirement,
        });
    }
    bl
}

// ============================================================================
// Summary Views
// ============================================================================

pub fn print_summary(result: &MCAnalysisResult) -> String {
    use std::fmt::Write;
    let mut s = String::new();
    let _ = writeln!(s, "╔══════════════════════════════════════╗");
    let _ = writeln!(s, "║     LLVM MCA Performance Summary     ║");
    let _ = writeln!(s, "╠══════════════════════════════════════╣");
    let _ = writeln!(
        s,
        "║ Instructions:           {:>8}    ║",
        result.instructions
    );
    let _ = writeln!(
        s,
        "║ Total Cycles:           {:>8}    ║",
        result.total_cycles
    );
    let _ = writeln!(s, "║ IPC:                    {:>8.3}    ║", result.ipc);
    let _ = writeln!(
        s,
        "║ Dispatch Stalls:        {:>8}    ║",
        result.dispatch_stalls
    );
    let _ = writeln!(
        s,
        "║ Issue Stalls:           {:>8}    ║",
        result.issue_stalls
    );
    let _ = writeln!(s, "╚══════════════════════════════════════╝");
    s
}

pub fn print_timeline(result: &MCAnalysisResult, max_events: usize) -> String {
    let mut s = String::from("--- Timeline ---\n");
    for (i, e) in result.timeline.iter().take(max_events).enumerate() {
        s.push_str(&format!(
            "  {:>3}: Cycle {:>5} | Inst {:>5} | {}\n",
            i, e.cycle, e.instruction, e.event
        ));
    }
    if result.timeline.len() > max_events {
        s.push_str(&format!(
            "  ... and {} more\n",
            result.timeline.len() - max_events
        ));
    }
    s
}

pub fn print_resource_pressure(result: &MCAnalysisResult) -> String {
    let mut s = String::from("--- Resource Pressure ---\n");
    let mut ports: Vec<(&String, &f64)> = result.resource_pressure.iter().collect();
    ports.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.partial_cmp(a.1).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal));
    for (port, p) in &ports {
        let bar = "█".repeat(((*p * 50.0) as usize).min(50));
        s.push_str(&format!("  {:>10}: {:>6.1}% |{}\n", port, *p * 100.0, bar));
    }
    s
}

pub fn print_instruction_info(insts: &[MCInst]) -> String {
    let mut s = String::from("--- Instruction Info ---\n");
    for (i, inst) in insts.iter().enumerate() {
        let port_str = if inst.ports == 0xFF {
            "ALL".into()
        } else {
            (0..8)
                .filter(|b| inst.ports & (1 << b) != 0)
                .map(|b| format!("P{}", b))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join(",")
        };
        s.push_str(&format!(
            "  {:>3}: {:>8} | Lat: {:>3} | uOps: {:>2} | Ports: {}\n",
            i, inst.mnemonic, inst.latency, inst.micro_ops, port_str
        ));
    }
    s
}

// ============================================================================
// MCA Diagnostic
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct MCADiagnostic {
    pub level: DiagnosticLevel,
    pub message: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum DiagnosticLevel {
    Info,
    Warning,
    Error,
}

pub fn run_diagnostics(result: &MCAnalysisResult, config: &PipelineConfig) -> Vec<MCADiagnostic> {
    let mut diags = Vec::new();
    for (port, p) in &result.resource_pressure {
        if *p > 0.9 {
            diags.push(MCADiagnostic {
                level: DiagnosticLevel::Warning,
                message: format!("Resource {} over-subscribed ({:.1}%)", port, p * 100.0),
            });
        }
    }
    if result.instructions > 0 && result.dispatch_stalls > result.instructions / 2 {
        diags.push(MCADiagnostic {
            level: DiagnosticLevel::Warning,
            message: format!(
                "High dispatch stall rate: {} stalls for {} insts",
                result.dispatch_stalls, result.instructions
            ),
        });
    }
    if result.instructions > 10 && result.ipc < 0.5 {
        diags.push(MCADiagnostic {
            level: DiagnosticLevel::Warning,
            message: format!("Very low IPC ({:.3})", result.ipc),
        });
    }
    diags
}

// ============================================================================
// Enhanced MCA Runner
// ============================================================================

impl LLVMMCA {
    pub fn run_with_config(&self, config: &PipelineConfig) -> MCAnalysisResult {
        let instructions = self.parse_source();
        self.simulate_full_pipeline(&instructions, config)
    }

    fn simulate_full_pipeline(
        &self,
        insts: &[MCInst],
        config: &PipelineConfig,
    ) -> MCAnalysisResult {
        let n = insts.len();
        if n == 0 {
            return MCAnalysisResult {
                total_cycles: 0,
                instructions: 0,
                ipc: 0.0,
                dispatch_stalls: 0,
                issue_stalls: 0,
                resource_pressure: HashMap::new(),
                timeline: vec![],
            };
        }
        let mut fetch = FetchStage::new(config.dispatch_width);
        let mut decode = DecodeStage::new(config.dispatch_width);
        let mut dispatch = DispatchStage::new(config.dispatch_width);
        let mut execute = ExecuteStage::new();
        let mut retire = RetireStage::new(config.retire_width);
        let mut scheduler = Scheduler::new(config.issue_width, config.reservation_station_size);
        let mut rob: VecDeque<InFlight> = VecDeque::new();
        let mut reg_ready: HashMap<u32, u64> = HashMap::new();
        let mut timeline = Timeline::new();
        let mut cycle: u64 = 0;
        let max_cycles = (n * 20) as u64 + 5000;
        let mut decoded_queue: VecDeque<usize> = VecDeque::new();

        while (retire.total_retired() < n || !rob.is_empty()) && cycle < max_cycles {
            // Retire
            let retired = retire.retire(&mut rob, cycle);
            for _ in 0..retired {
                timeline.record(cycle, 0, "", EventType::Retired);
            }

            // Execute
            let mut rob_vec: Vec<InFlight> = rob.iter().cloned().collect();
            execute.tick(&mut rob_vec, cycle, insts);
            for (i, entry) in rob_vec.iter().enumerate() {
                if let Some(re) = rob.get_mut(i) {
                    if re.state != entry.state {
                        re.state = entry.state;
                        if entry.state == InFlightState::Executed {
                            timeline.record(
                                cycle,
                                entry.instr_idx,
                                &insts[entry.instr_idx].mnemonic,
                                EventType::Executed,
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // Issue
            let issued = scheduler.issue(insts, &reg_ready, cycle);
            for &idx in &issued {
                let inst = &insts[idx];
                for re in rob.iter_mut() {
                    if re.instr_idx == idx && re.state == InFlightState::Dispatched {
                        re.state = InFlightState::Executing;
                        re.ready_cycle = cycle + inst.latency as u64;
                        re.issue_cycle = cycle;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                scheduler.remove_from_rs(idx);
                timeline.record(cycle, idx, &inst.mnemonic, EventType::Issued);
            }

            // Dispatch
            while !decoded_queue.is_empty() && rob.len() < config.reorder_buffer_size {
                let idx = decoded_queue.pop_front().unwrap();
                if scheduler.insert_into_rs(idx) {
                    rob.push_back(InFlight {
                        instr_idx: idx,
                        state: InFlightState::Dispatched,
                        ready_cycle: 0,
                        issue_cycle: 0,
                    });
                    timeline.record(cycle, idx, &insts[idx].mnemonic, EventType::Dispatched);
                } else {
                    decoded_queue.push_front(idx);
                    timeline.record(cycle, 0, "", EventType::StalledDispatch);
                    break;
                }
            }

            // Fetch + Decode
            let fetched = fetch.fetch(n, decoded_queue.capacity(), decoded_queue.len());
            for &idx in &fetched {
                timeline.record(cycle, idx, &insts[idx].mnemonic, EventType::Fetched);
            }
            decode.decode(&fetched, insts);
            for &idx in &fetched {
                decoded_queue.push_back(idx);
            }

            cycle += 1;
        }

        let resource_pressure = scheduler.resource_manager.utilization(cycle);
        let mca_timeline: Vec<TimelineEvent> = timeline
            .events
            .iter()
            .map(|e| TimelineEvent {
                cycle: e.cycle,
                instruction: e.inst_idx,
                event: format!("{:?}", e.event_type),
            })
            .collect();

        MCAnalysisResult {
            total_cycles: cycle,
            instructions: n,
            ipc: if cycle > 0 {
                retire.total_retired() as f64 / cycle as f64
            } else {
                0.0
            },
            dispatch_stalls: dispatch.dispatch_stalls() + fetch.fetch_stalls(),
            issue_stalls: scheduler.issue_stalls(),
            resource_pressure,
            timeline: mca_timeline,
        }
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Loop Kernel Analysis
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct IterationInfo {
    pub insts_per_iter: usize,
    pub cycles_per_iter: u64,
    pub total_cycles: u64,
    pub iterations: usize,
}

impl LLVMMCA {
    pub fn run_loop_analysis(&mut self) -> (MCAnalysisResult, IterationInfo) {
        let insts = self.parse_source();
        let n = insts.len();
        let iters = self.iterations;
        let mut all_insts: Vec<MCInst> = Vec::with_capacity(n * iters);
        for _ in 0..iters {
            all_insts.extend(insts.clone());
        }
        let result = self.simulate_pipeline(&all_insts);
        let ii = IterationInfo {
            insts_per_iter: n,
            cycles_per_iter: if iters > 0 {
                result.total_cycles / iters as u64
            } else {
                0
            },
            total_cycles: result.total_cycles,
            iterations: iters,
        };
        (result, ii)
    }

    pub fn loop_throughput(&self, ii: &IterationInfo) -> f64 {
        if ii.cycles_per_iter > 0 {
            1000.0 / ii.cycles_per_iter as f64
        } else {
            0.0
        }
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Critical Path & Dependency Analysis
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CriticalPathInfo {
    pub critical_insts: Vec<usize>,
    pub path_length: u64,
    pub latency_breakdown: HashMap<String, u64>,
}

impl LLVMMCA {
    pub fn analyze_critical_path(&self, insts: &[MCInst]) -> CriticalPathInfo {
        let n = insts.len();
        let mut completion: Vec<u64> = vec![0; n];
        let mut predecessor: Vec<Option<usize>> = vec![None; n];
        let mut reg_last: HashMap<u32, (usize, u64)> = HashMap::new();
        let mut breakdown: HashMap<String, u64> = HashMap::new();

        for (i, inst) in insts.iter().enumerate() {
            let mut earliest = 0u64;
            let mut pred = None;
            for src in &inst.source_regs {
                if let Some(&(pi, pt)) = reg_last.get(src) {
                    if pt >= earliest {
                        earliest = pt;
                        pred = Some(pi);
                    }
                }
            }
            let done = earliest + inst.latency as u64;
            completion[i] = done;
            predecessor[i] = pred;
            *breakdown.entry(inst.mnemonic.clone()).or_insert(0) += inst.latency as u64;
            if let Some(dest) = inst.dest_reg {
                reg_last.insert(dest, (i, done));
            }
        }

        let mut max_i = 0;
        let mut max_t = 0u64;
        for (i, &t) in completion.iter().enumerate() {
            if t > max_t {
                max_t = t;
                max_i = i;
            }
        }
        let mut critical = Vec::new();
        let mut cur = Some(max_i);
        while let Some(idx) = cur {
            critical.push(idx);
            cur = predecessor[idx];
        }
        critical.reverse();

        CriticalPathInfo {
            critical_insts: critical,
            path_length: max_t,
            latency_breakdown: breakdown,
        }
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Dispatch Group Analysis
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct DispatchGroup {
    pub cycle: u64,
    pub inst_indices: Vec<usize>,
}

pub fn analyze_dispatch_groups(timeline: &[TimelineEvent]) -> Vec<DispatchGroup> {
    let mut groups: Vec<DispatchGroup> = Vec::new();
    for e in timeline {
        if e.event == "Dispatched" {
            if let Some(last) = groups.last_mut() {
                if last.cycle == e.cycle {
                    last.inst_indices.push(e.instruction);
                    continue;
                }
            }
            groups.push(DispatchGroup {
                cycle: e.cycle,
                inst_indices: vec![e.instruction],
            });
        }
    }
    groups
}

pub fn avg_dispatch_group_size(groups: &[DispatchGroup]) -> f64 {
    if groups.is_empty() {
        return 0.0;
    }
    groups.iter().map(|g| g.inst_indices.len()).sum::<usize>() as f64 / groups.len() as f64
}

// ============================================================================
// Port Pressure Heat Map
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PortPressure {
    pub cycle: u64,
    pub port_usage: HashMap<String, usize>,
}

pub fn build_port_pressure_map(
    timeline: &[TimelineEvent],
    insts: &[MCInst],
    max_cycle: u64,
) -> Vec<PortPressure> {
    let pn = [
        "Port0", "Port1", "Port2", "Port3", "Port4", "Port5", "Port6", "Port7",
    ];
    let mut map = Vec::new();
    for cyc in 0..=max_cycle {
        let mut usage = HashMap::new();
        for n in &pn {
            usage.insert(n.to_string(), 0usize);
        }
        for e in timeline {
            if e.cycle == cyc && e.event == "Issued" && e.instruction < insts.len() {
                let inst = &insts[e.instruction];
                for (bit, name) in pn.iter().enumerate() {
                    if inst.ports & (1u32 << bit) != 0 {
                        *usage.entry(name.to_string()).or_insert(0) += 1;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        map.push(PortPressure {
            cycle: cyc,
            port_usage: usage,
        });
    }
    map
}

// ============================================================================
// Statistical Summary
// ============================================================================

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct StatisticalSummary {
    pub min_inflight: usize,
    pub max_inflight: usize,
    pub avg_inflight: f64,
    pub avg_dispatch_rate: f64,
    pub avg_issue_rate: f64,
    pub avg_retire_rate: f64,
    pub stall_pct: f64,
}

pub fn compute_statistics(
    result: &MCAnalysisResult,
    dispatch_groups: &[DispatchGroup],
) -> StatisticalSummary {
    let cycles = result.total_cycles.max(1) as f64;
    let dispatched = result
        .timeline
        .iter()
        .filter(|e| e.event == "Dispatched")
        .count();
    let issued = result
        .timeline
        .iter()
        .filter(|e| e.event == "Issued")
        .count();
    let retired = result
        .timeline
        .iter()
        .filter(|e| e.event == "Retired")
        .count();
    let gsz: Vec<usize> = dispatch_groups
        .iter()
        .map(|g| g.inst_indices.len())
        .collect();
    let adr = if !gsz.is_empty() {
        gsz.iter().sum::<usize>() as f64 / gsz.len() as f64
    } else {
        0.0
    };
    StatisticalSummary {
        min_inflight: 0,
        max_inflight: result.instructions,
        avg_inflight: 0.0,
        avg_dispatch_rate: dispatched as f64 / cycles,
        avg_issue_rate: issued as f64 / cycles,
        avg_retire_rate: retired as f64 / cycles,
        stall_pct: (result.dispatch_stalls + result.issue_stalls) as f64 / cycles * 100.0,
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Register File Modeling — read/write ports and renaming
// ============================================================================

/// Models a physical register file with read/write ports and register renaming.
pub struct RegisterFile {
    /// Number of physical registers.
    pub num_registers: usize,
    /// Width of each register in bits.
    pub register_width: u32,
    /// Number of read ports.
    pub read_ports: usize,
    /// Number of write ports.
    pub write_ports: usize,
    /// Register rename map: architectural → physical mapping.
    rename_map: Vec<Option<usize>>,
    /// Free list of available physical registers.
    free_list: Vec<usize>,
    /// Whether each physical register is busy.
    busy: Vec<bool>,
    /// Read port availability per cycle.
    read_port_busy: Vec<bool>,
    /// Write port availability per cycle.
    write_port_busy: Vec<bool>,
}

impl RegisterFile {
    pub fn new(num_regs: usize, read_ports: usize, write_ports: usize) -> Self {
        let mut free_list = Vec::with_capacity(num_regs);
        for i in 0..num_regs {
            free_list.push(i);
        }
        RegisterFile {
            num_registers: num_regs,
            register_width: 64,
            read_ports,
            write_ports,
            rename_map: vec![None; 32], // architectural regs
            free_list,
            busy: vec![false; num_regs],
            read_port_busy: vec![false; read_ports],
            write_port_busy: vec![false; write_ports],
        }
    }

    /// Allocate a physical register for an architectural destination.
    pub fn rename_dest(&mut self, arch_reg: usize) -> Option<usize> {
        if let Some(phys) = self.free_list.pop() {
            self.rename_map[arch_reg] = Some(phys);
            self.busy[phys] = true;
            Some(phys)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Look up the physical register for an architectural source.
    pub fn lookup_src(&self, arch_reg: usize) -> Option<usize> {
        if arch_reg < self.rename_map.len() {
            self.rename_map[arch_reg]
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Free a physical register when it's no longer needed.
    pub fn free_register(&mut self, phys_reg: usize) {
        if phys_reg < self.busy.len() && self.busy[phys_reg] {
            self.busy[phys_reg] = false;
            self.free_list.push(phys_reg);
        }
    }

    /// Check if a read port is available.
    pub fn can_read(&self) -> bool {
        self.read_port_busy.iter().any(|b| !b)
    }

    /// Reserve a read port for this cycle.
    pub fn reserve_read_port(&mut self) -> Option<usize> {
        for (i, busy) in self.read_port_busy.iter_mut().enumerate() {
            if !*busy {
                *busy = true;
                return Some(i);
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Check if a write port is available.
    pub fn can_write(&self) -> bool {
        self.write_port_busy.iter().any(|b| !b)
    }

    /// Reserve a write port for this cycle.
    pub fn reserve_write_port(&mut self) -> Option<usize> {
        for (i, busy) in self.write_port_busy.iter_mut().enumerate() {
            if !*busy {
                *busy = true;
                return Some(i);
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Advance one cycle (clear port reservations).
    pub fn advance_cycle(&mut self) {
        for b in &mut self.read_port_busy {
            *b = false;
        }
        for b in &mut self.write_port_busy {
            *b = false;
        }
    }

    /// Get the number of free physical registers.
    pub fn free_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.free_list.len()
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Memory Dependency Analysis
// ============================================================================

/// Tracks memory dependencies between loads and stores.
pub struct MemoryDependencyAnalyzer {
    /// Known store addresses (for alias analysis).
    store_addresses: Vec<(usize, u64)>,
    /// Unknown store addresses (conservative aliasing).
    unknown_stores: usize,
    /// Record of recent memory operations.
    recent_ops: Vec<MemOp>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct MemOp {
    /// Instruction index.
    inst_idx: usize,
    /// Memory address (0 if unknown).
    address: u64,
    /// Size of the memory access.
    size: u32,
    /// Whether this is a load or store.
    is_store: bool,
}

impl MemoryDependencyAnalyzer {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        MemoryDependencyAnalyzer {
            store_addresses: Vec::new(),
            unknown_stores: 0,
            recent_ops: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Record a store operation.
    pub fn record_store(&mut self, inst_idx: usize, addr: u64, size: u32) {
        if addr == 0 {
            // Unknown address: conservatively aliases everything.
            self.unknown_stores += 1;
        } else {
            self.store_addresses.push((inst_idx, addr));
        }
        self.recent_ops.push(MemOp {
            inst_idx,
            address: addr,
            size,
            is_store: true,
        });
    }

    /// Record a load operation.
    pub fn record_load(&mut self, inst_idx: usize, addr: u64, size: u32) {
        self.recent_ops.push(MemOp {
            inst_idx,
            address: addr,
            size,
            is_store: false,
        });
    }

    /// Check if a load at `addr` can alias with any prior store.
    /// Returns the index of the latest aliasing store, if any.
    pub fn find_aliasing_store(&self, addr: u64, size: u32) -> Option<usize> {
        // Conservative: unknown stores alias everything.
        if self.unknown_stores > 0 {
            return Some(0);
        }
        for &(inst_idx, store_addr) in self.store_addresses.iter().rev() {
            if addresses_overlap(addr, size, store_addr, 8) {
                return Some(inst_idx);
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Clear all recorded operations.
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.store_addresses.clear();
        self.unknown_stores = 0;
        self.recent_ops.clear();
    }
}

fn addresses_overlap(a1: u64, s1: u32, a2: u64, s2: u32) -> bool {
    let end1 = a1.saturating_add(s1 as u64);
    let end2 = a2.saturating_add(s2 as u64);
    a1 < end2 && a2 < end1
}

// ============================================================================
// Load/Store Queue Simulation
// ============================================================================

/// Simulates a load queue and store queue for out-of-order memory execution.
pub struct LoadStoreQueue {
    /// Load queue entries.
    load_queue: Vec<LSQEntry>,
    /// Store queue entries.
    store_queue: Vec<LSQEntry>,
    /// Maximum load queue size.
    load_queue_size: usize,
    /// Maximum store queue size.
    store_queue_size: usize,
    /// Whether store-to-load forwarding is enabled.
    forwarding_enabled: bool,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct LSQEntry {
    /// Instruction index.
    inst_idx: usize,
    /// Memory address.
    address: u64,
    /// Access size.
    size: u32,
    /// Whether this entry is valid.
    valid: bool,
    /// Data (for stores).
    data: u64,
}

impl LoadStoreQueue {
    pub fn new(ldq_size: usize, stq_size: usize) -> Self {
        LoadStoreQueue {
            load_queue: Vec::new(),
            store_queue: Vec::new(),
            load_queue_size: ldq_size,
            store_queue_size: stq_size,
            forwarding_enabled: true,
        }
    }

    /// Try to enqueue a load. Returns false if the load queue is full.
    pub fn enqueue_load(&mut self, inst_idx: usize, addr: u64, size: u32) -> bool {
        if self.load_queue.len() >= self.load_queue_size {
            return false; // load queue full → stall
        }
        self.load_queue.push(LSQEntry {
            inst_idx,
            address: addr,
            size,
            valid: true,
            data: 0,
        });
        true
    }

    /// Try to enqueue a store. Returns false if the store queue is full.
    pub fn enqueue_store(&mut self, inst_idx: usize, addr: u64, size: u32, data: u64) -> bool {
        if self.store_queue.len() >= self.store_queue_size {
            return false; // store queue full → stall
        }
        self.store_queue.push(LSQEntry {
            inst_idx,
            address: addr,
            size,
            valid: true,
            data,
        });
        true
    }

    /// Check if store-to-load forwarding is possible.
    pub fn can_forward(&self, load_addr: u64, load_size: u32) -> Option<u64> {
        if !self.forwarding_enabled {
            return None;
        }
        for entry in self.store_queue.iter().rev() {
            if entry.valid && entry.address == load_addr && entry.size >= load_size {
                return Some(entry.data);
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Retire the oldest load.
    pub fn retire_load(&mut self) {
        if !self.load_queue.is_empty() {
            self.load_queue.remove(0);
        }
    }

    /// Retire the oldest store.
    pub fn retire_store(&mut self) {
        if !self.store_queue.is_empty() {
            self.store_queue.remove(0);
        }
    }

    /// Check if the load queue has available capacity.
    pub fn load_queue_available(&self) -> bool {
        self.load_queue.len() < self.load_queue_size
    }

    /// Check if the store queue has available capacity.
    pub fn store_queue_available(&self) -> bool {
        self.store_queue.len() < self.store_queue_size
    }

    /// Reset all queues.
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.load_queue.clear();
        self.store_queue.clear();
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Branch Predictor — simple bimodal with 2-bit saturating counter
// ============================================================================

/// Simple bimodal branch predictor using a table of 2-bit saturating counters.
pub struct BranchPredictor {
    /// Pattern History Table: 2-bit counters indexed by PC.
    pht: Vec<u8>,
    /// PHT index mask.
    index_mask: usize,
    /// Number of correct predictions.
    correct: u64,
    /// Number of mispredictions.
    mispredicts: u64,
}

impl BranchPredictor {
    /// Create a new branch predictor with `entries` PHT entries.
    pub fn new(entries: usize) -> Self {
        assert!(entries.is_power_of_two());
        BranchPredictor {
            pht: vec![2; entries], // start weakly taken
            index_mask: entries - 1,
            correct: 0,
            mispredicts: 0,
        }
    }

    /// Predict whether a branch at `pc` will be taken.
    /// Returns true if predicted taken.
    pub fn predict(&self, pc: u64) -> bool {
        let idx = self.get_index(pc);
        let counter = self.pht[idx];
        counter >= 2 // 2 or 3 = taken
    }

    /// Update the predictor with the actual outcome.
    pub fn update(&mut self, pc: u64, taken: bool) {
        let idx = self.get_index(pc);
        let was_predicted = self.pht[idx] >= 2;
        if was_predicted == taken {
            self.correct += 1;
        } else {
            self.mispredicts += 1;
        }
        // 2-bit saturating counter update
        if taken {
            self.pht[idx] = (self.pht[idx] + 1).min(3);
        } else {
            self.pht[idx] = self.pht[idx].saturating_sub(1);
        }
    }

    fn get_index(&self, pc: u64) -> usize {
        ((pc >> 2) as usize) & self.index_mask
    }

    /// Get prediction accuracy as a percentage.
    pub fn accuracy(&self) -> f64 {
        let total = self.correct + self.mispredicts;
        if total == 0 {
            return 100.0;
        }
        self.correct as f64 / total as f64 * 100.0
    }

    /// Get total predictions made.
    pub fn total_predictions(&self) -> u64 {
        self.correct + self.mispredicts
    }

    /// Reset predictor state.
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.pht.fill(2);
        self.correct = 0;
        self.mispredicts = 0;
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Instruction Iteration and Iterative Refinement
// ============================================================================

/// Iterates over a sequence of instructions for repeated simulation passes.
pub struct InstructionIterator<'a> {
    /// The instruction sequence.
    instructions: &'a [MCInst],
    /// Current position.
    pos: usize,
    /// Total iterations performed.
    iterations: usize,
    /// Maximum iterations.
    max_iterations: usize,
}

impl<'a> InstructionIterator<'a> {
    pub fn new(instructions: &'a [MCInst], max_iters: usize) -> Self {
        InstructionIterator {
            instructions,
            pos: 0,
            iterations: 0,
            max_iterations: max_iters,
        }
    }

    /// Get the next instruction, wrapping around if needed.
    pub fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a MCInst> {
        if self.pos >= self.instructions.len() {
            if self.iterations + 1 >= self.max_iterations {
                return None;
            }
            self.pos = 0;
            self.iterations += 1;
        }
        let inst = &self.instructions[self.pos];
        self.pos += 1;
        Some(inst)
    }

    /// Reset to the beginning.
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.pos = 0;
        self.iterations = 0;
    }

    /// Current iteration number.
    pub fn current_iteration(&self) -> usize {
        self.iterations
    }

    /// Total instructions processed so far.
    pub fn total_processed(&self) -> usize {
        self.iterations * self.instructions.len() + self.pos
    }
}

/// Iterative refinement: repeatedly simulate the pipeline, adjusting
/// resource pressure estimates until they converge.
pub struct IterativeRefinement {
    /// Maximum refinement iterations.
    max_iterations: usize,
    /// Convergence threshold for resource pressure (percentage change).
    convergence_threshold: f64,
    /// Resource pressure history.
    pressure_history: Vec<Vec<f64>>,
}

impl IterativeRefinement {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        IterativeRefinement {
            max_iterations: 10,
            convergence_threshold: 0.01, // 1%
            pressure_history: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Check if the resource pressure has converged.
    pub fn has_converged(&self) -> bool {
        if self.pressure_history.len() < 2 {
            return false;
        }
        let prev = self.pressure_history.last().unwrap();
        let prev_prev = self
            .pressure_history
            .get(self.pressure_history.len() - 2)
            .unwrap();
        let max_change = prev
            .iter()
            .zip(prev_prev.iter())
            .map(|(a, b)| (a - b).abs())
            .fold(0.0f64, f64::max);
        max_change < self.convergence_threshold
    }

    /// Record a resource pressure snapshot.
    pub fn record_pressure(&mut self, pressure: Vec<f64>) {
        self.pressure_history.push(pressure);
    }

    /// Get the number of refinement iterations done.
    pub fn iteration_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.pressure_history.len()
    }

    /// Check if maximum iterations reached.
    pub fn max_iterations_reached(&self) -> bool {
        self.pressure_history.len() >= self.max_iterations
    }

    /// Reset the refinement state.
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.pressure_history.clear();
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Enhanced LLVMMCA with Register File and Branch Prediction
// ============================================================================

impl LLVMMCA {
    /// Run simulation with a modeled register file and branch predictor.
    pub fn run_with_microarchitecture(
        &mut self,
        reg_file: &mut RegisterFile,
        predictor: &mut BranchPredictor,
        lsq: &mut LoadStoreQueue,
    ) -> MCAnalysisResult {
        let instructions = self.parse_source();
        let mut total_cycles = 0;
        let mut dispatch_stalls = 0;
        let mut issue_stalls = 0;

        for _iter in 0..self.iterations {
            for (idx, inst) in instructions.iter().enumerate() {
                // Model register reads
                if !reg_file.can_read() {
                    issue_stalls += 1;
                    total_cycles += 1;
                    reg_file.advance_cycle();
                }
                reg_file.reserve_read_port();

                // Model register write
                if !reg_file.can_write() {
                    dispatch_stalls += 1;
                    total_cycles += 1;
                    reg_file.advance_cycle();
                }
                reg_file.reserve_write_port();

                // Model branch prediction
                if inst.mnemonic.contains("br") || inst.mnemonic.contains("jmp") {
                    let pc = idx as u64;
                    let _predicted = predictor.predict(pc);
                    predictor.update(pc, true); // assume taken for simulation
                }

                // Model LSQ
                if inst.mnemonic.contains("load") {
                    if !lsq.load_queue_available() {
                        dispatch_stalls += 1;
                    }
                    lsq.enqueue_load(idx, idx as u64 * 8, 8);
                }
                if inst.mnemonic.contains("store") {
                    if !lsq.store_queue_available() {
                        dispatch_stalls += 1;
                    }
                    lsq.enqueue_store(idx, idx as u64 * 8, 8, 0);
                }

                total_cycles += 1;
                reg_file.advance_cycle();
            }
        }

        MCAnalysisResult {
            total_cycles,
            instructions: instructions.len(),
            ipc: if total_cycles > 0 {
                instructions.len() as f64 / total_cycles as f64
            } else {
                0.0
            },
            dispatch_stalls,
            issue_stalls,
            resource_pressure: HashMap::new(),
            timeline: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Run with iterative refinement until convergence or max iterations.
    pub fn run_with_refinement(
        &mut self,
        refinement: &mut IterativeRefinement,
    ) -> MCAnalysisResult {
        let mut result = self.run();
        let pressure: Vec<f64> = result.resource_pressure.iter().map(|(_, &p)| p).collect();
        refinement.record_pressure(pressure);

        while !refinement.has_converged() && !refinement.max_iterations_reached() {
            result = self.run();
            let pressure: Vec<f64> = result.resource_pressure.iter().map(|(_, &p)| p).collect();
            refinement.record_pressure(pressure);
        }

        result
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Tests
// ============================================================================

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn simple_asm() -> &'static str {
        "add r0, r1, r2\nadd r3, r0, r4\nmul r5, r3, r6\n"
    }

    fn loop_asm() -> &'static str {
        "add r0, r1, r2\nsub r3, r4, r5\nmul r6, r0, r3\n"
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_create_mca() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("add r0, r1, r2");
        assert_eq!(mca.iterations, 100);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_set_iterations() {
        let mut mca = LLVMMCA::new("add r0, r1, r2");
        mca.set_iterations(500);
        assert_eq!(mca.iterations, 500);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_empty_source() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let insts = mca.parse_source();
        assert!(insts.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_simple_source() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new(simple_asm());
        let insts = mca.parse_source();
        assert_eq!(insts.len(), 3);
        assert_eq!(insts[0].mnemonic, "add");
        assert_eq!(insts[1].mnemonic, "add");
        assert_eq!(insts[2].mnemonic, "mul");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_comments() {
        let source = "# This is a comment\nadd r0, r1, r2\n; Another comment\n";
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new(source);
        let insts = mca.parse_source();
        assert_eq!(insts.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_instruction_info_add() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let (latency, ports, uops, writes) = mca.get_instruction_info("add");
        assert_eq!(latency, 1);
        assert_eq!(uops, 1);
        assert!(writes);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_instruction_info_mul() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let (latency, _, uops, _) = mca.get_instruction_info("mul");
        assert_eq!(latency, 3);
        assert_eq!(uops, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_instruction_info_div() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let (latency, _, _, _) = mca.get_instruction_info("div");
        assert_eq!(latency, 20);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_instruction_info_unknown() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let (latency, _, uops, _) = mca.get_instruction_info("unknown_op");
        assert_eq!(latency, 1);
        assert_eq!(uops, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_compute_critical_path_empty() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let path = mca.compute_critical_path(&[]);
        assert_eq!(path, 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_compute_critical_path_simple() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let insts = mca.parse_source();
        let path = mca.compute_critical_path(&insts);
        // r0 → r3 → r5 chain: 1 + 1 + 3 = 5 cycles
        if insts.len() == 3 {
            assert_eq!(path, 5);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_compute_resource_pressure_empty() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let pressure = mca.compute_resource_pressure(&[]);
        // Should have entries for all ports (initialized to 0.0)
        assert!(pressure.contains_key("Port0"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_simulate_pipeline_empty() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new("");
        let result = mca.simulate_pipeline(&[]);
        assert_eq!(result.total_cycles, 0);
        assert_eq!(result.instructions, 0);
        assert_eq!(result.ipc, 0.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_simulate_pipeline_simple() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new(simple_asm());
        let insts = mca.parse_source();
        let result = mca.simulate_pipeline(&insts);
        assert!(result.total_cycles > 0);
        assert_eq!(result.instructions, 3);
        assert!(result.ipc > 0.0);
        assert!(!result.timeline.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_print_report() {
        let mca = LLVMMCA::new(simple_asm());
        let insts = mca.parse_source();
        let result = mca.simulate_pipeline(&insts);
        let report = mca.print_report(&result);
        assert!(report.contains("LLVM MCA Analysis Report"));
        assert!(report.contains("IPC:"));
        assert!(report.contains("Resource Pressure"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_run_full_pipeline() {
        let mut mca = LLVMMCA::new(simple_asm());
        let result = mca.run();
        assert!(result.instructions > 0);
        assert!(result.total_cycles > 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_run_with_loop_kernel() {
        let mut mca = LLVMMCA::new(loop_asm());
        mca.set_iterations(10);
        let result = mca.run();
        assert!(result.instructions > 0);
    }
}