liquid-cache 0.1.12

10x lower latency for cloud-native DataFusion
Documentation
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//! Squeeze policies for liquid cache.

use std::sync::Arc;

use arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef, StructArray};
use arrow_schema::DataType;
use bytes::Bytes;
use parquet::variant::VariantPath;
use parquet_variant_compute::{VariantArray, shred_variant, unshred_variant};

use crate::cache::{
    CacheExpression, LiquidCompressorStates, VariantRequest, cached_batch::CacheEntry,
    transcode_liquid_inner, transcode_liquid_inner_with_hint, utils::arrow_to_bytes,
};
use crate::liquid_array::{
    LiquidSqueezedArrayRef, SqueezeIoHandler, SqueezedBacking, VariantStructSqueezedArray,
};
use crate::utils::VariantSchema;

/// What to do when we need to squeeze an entry?
pub trait SqueezePolicy: std::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync {
    /// Squeeze the entry.
    /// Returns the squeezed entry and the bytes that were used to store the entry on disk.
    fn squeeze(
        &self,
        entry: &CacheEntry,
        compressor: &LiquidCompressorStates,
        squeeze_hint: Option<&CacheExpression>,
        squeeze_io: &Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler>,
    ) -> (CacheEntry, Option<Bytes>);
}

/// Squeeze the entry to disk.
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
pub struct Evict;

impl SqueezePolicy for Evict {
    fn squeeze(
        &self,
        entry: &CacheEntry,
        _compressor: &LiquidCompressorStates,
        _squeeze_hint: Option<&CacheExpression>,
        _squeeze_io: &Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler>,
    ) -> (CacheEntry, Option<Bytes>) {
        match entry {
            CacheEntry::MemoryArrow(array) => {
                let bytes = arrow_to_bytes(array).expect("failed to convert arrow to bytes");
                (
                    CacheEntry::disk_arrow(array.data_type().clone()),
                    Some(bytes),
                )
            }
            CacheEntry::MemoryLiquid(liquid_array) => {
                let disk_data = liquid_array.to_bytes();
                (
                    CacheEntry::disk_liquid(liquid_array.original_arrow_data_type()),
                    Some(Bytes::from(disk_data)),
                )
            }
            CacheEntry::MemorySqueezedLiquid(squeezed_array) => {
                let data_type = squeezed_array.original_arrow_data_type();
                let new_entry = match squeezed_array.disk_backing() {
                    SqueezedBacking::Liquid => CacheEntry::disk_liquid(data_type),
                    SqueezedBacking::Arrow => CacheEntry::disk_arrow(data_type),
                };
                (new_entry, None)
            }
            CacheEntry::DiskLiquid(_) | CacheEntry::DiskArrow(_) => (entry.clone(), None),
        }
    }
}

/// Squeeze the entry to liquid memory.
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
pub struct TranscodeSqueezeEvict;

impl SqueezePolicy for TranscodeSqueezeEvict {
    fn squeeze(
        &self,
        entry: &CacheEntry,
        compressor: &LiquidCompressorStates,
        squeeze_hint: Option<&CacheExpression>,
        squeeze_io: &Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler>,
    ) -> (CacheEntry, Option<Bytes>) {
        match entry {
            CacheEntry::MemoryArrow(array) => {
                if let Some(requests) =
                    squeeze_hint.and_then(|expression| expression.variant_requests())
                    && let Some((squeezed_array, bytes)) =
                        try_variant_squeeze(array, requests, compressor)
                {
                    return (
                        CacheEntry::memory_squeezed_liquid(squeezed_array),
                        Some(bytes),
                    );
                }
                match transcode_liquid_inner_with_hint(array, compressor, squeeze_hint) {
                    Ok(liquid_array) => (CacheEntry::memory_liquid(liquid_array), None),
                    Err(_) => {
                        let bytes =
                            arrow_to_bytes(array).expect("failed to convert arrow to bytes");
                        (
                            CacheEntry::disk_arrow(array.data_type().clone()),
                            Some(bytes),
                        )
                    }
                }
            }
            CacheEntry::MemoryLiquid(liquid_array) => {
                let (squeezed_array, bytes) =
                    match liquid_array.squeeze(squeeze_io.clone(), squeeze_hint) {
                        Some(result) => result,
                        None => {
                            let bytes = Bytes::from(liquid_array.to_bytes());
                            return (
                                CacheEntry::disk_liquid(liquid_array.original_arrow_data_type()),
                                Some(bytes),
                            );
                        }
                    };
                (
                    CacheEntry::memory_squeezed_liquid(squeezed_array),
                    Some(bytes),
                )
            }
            CacheEntry::MemorySqueezedLiquid(squeezed_array) => {
                let data_type = squeezed_array.original_arrow_data_type();
                let new_entry = match squeezed_array.disk_backing() {
                    SqueezedBacking::Liquid => CacheEntry::disk_liquid(data_type),
                    SqueezedBacking::Arrow => CacheEntry::disk_arrow(data_type),
                };
                (new_entry, None)
            }
            CacheEntry::DiskLiquid(_) | CacheEntry::DiskArrow(_) => (entry.clone(), None),
        }
    }
}

/// Squeeze the entry to liquid memory, but don't convert to squeezed.
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
pub struct TranscodeEvict;

impl SqueezePolicy for TranscodeEvict {
    fn squeeze(
        &self,
        entry: &CacheEntry,
        compressor: &LiquidCompressorStates,
        _squeeze_hint: Option<&CacheExpression>,
        _squeeze_io: &Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler>,
    ) -> (CacheEntry, Option<Bytes>) {
        match entry {
            CacheEntry::MemoryArrow(array) => {
                match transcode_liquid_inner_with_hint(array, compressor, None) {
                    Ok(liquid_array) => (CacheEntry::memory_liquid(liquid_array), None),
                    Err(_) => {
                        let bytes =
                            arrow_to_bytes(array).expect("failed to convert arrow to bytes");
                        (
                            CacheEntry::disk_arrow(array.data_type().clone()),
                            Some(bytes),
                        )
                    }
                }
            }
            CacheEntry::MemoryLiquid(liquid_array) => {
                let bytes = Bytes::from(liquid_array.to_bytes());
                (
                    CacheEntry::disk_liquid(liquid_array.original_arrow_data_type()),
                    Some(bytes),
                )
            }
            CacheEntry::MemorySqueezedLiquid(squeezed_array) => {
                let data_type = squeezed_array.original_arrow_data_type();
                let new_entry = match squeezed_array.disk_backing() {
                    SqueezedBacking::Liquid => CacheEntry::disk_liquid(data_type),
                    SqueezedBacking::Arrow => CacheEntry::disk_arrow(data_type),
                };
                (new_entry, None)
            }
            CacheEntry::DiskLiquid(_) | CacheEntry::DiskArrow(_) => (entry.clone(), None),
        }
    }
}

pub(crate) fn try_variant_squeeze(
    array: &ArrayRef,
    requests: &[VariantRequest],
    compressor: &LiquidCompressorStates,
) -> Option<(LiquidSqueezedArrayRef, Bytes)> {
    let struct_array = array.as_any().downcast_ref::<StructArray>()?;
    let mut variant_array = VariantArray::try_new(struct_array).ok()?;
    if variant_array.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }

    if requests.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }

    let mut shredded_array: Option<ArrayRef> = None;
    if let Some(shredding_type) = build_shredding_schema(struct_array, requests)
        && let Ok(unshredded) = unshred_variant(&variant_array)
        && let Ok(shredded) = shred_variant(&unshredded, &shredding_type)
    {
        let shredded_struct: ArrayRef = Arc::new(shredded.into_inner());
        variant_array = VariantArray::try_new(shredded_struct.as_ref()).ok()?;
        shredded_array = Some(shredded_struct);
    }

    let typed_root = variant_array.typed_value_field()?;
    let typed_root = typed_root.as_any().downcast_ref::<StructArray>()?;

    let mut collected = Vec::new();
    for request in requests {
        let path = request.path().trim();
        if path.is_empty() {
            continue;
        }
        let Some(path_struct) = extract_typed_values_for_path(typed_root, path) else {
            continue;
        };
        let path_struct = path_struct.as_any().downcast_ref::<StructArray>()?;
        let Some(typed_values) = path_struct.column_by_name("typed_value") else {
            continue;
        };
        if typed_values.len() != array.len() {
            continue;
        }
        collected.push((Arc::<str>::from(path.to_string()), typed_values.clone()));
    }

    if collected.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }

    let backing_array = shredded_array.as_ref().unwrap_or(array);
    let nulls = variant_array.inner().nulls().cloned();
    let bytes = arrow_to_bytes(backing_array).ok()?;
    let mut liquid_values = Vec::with_capacity(collected.len());
    for (path, typed_values) in collected {
        let Ok(liquid_array) = transcode_liquid_inner(&typed_values, compressor) else {
            return None;
        };
        liquid_values.push((path, liquid_array));
    }
    let squeezed =
        VariantStructSqueezedArray::new(liquid_values, nulls, backing_array.data_type().clone());
    Some((Arc::new(squeezed) as LiquidSqueezedArrayRef, bytes))
}

fn build_shredding_schema(
    variant_struct: &StructArray,
    requests: &[VariantRequest],
) -> Option<DataType> {
    let typed_field = match variant_struct.data_type() {
        DataType::Struct(fields) => fields
            .iter()
            .find(|child| child.name() == "typed_value")
            .cloned(),
        _ => None,
    };

    let mut schema = VariantSchema::new(typed_field.as_deref());
    for request in requests {
        let path = request.path().trim();
        if path.is_empty() {
            continue;
        }
        schema.insert_path(path, request.data_type());
    }
    schema.shredding_type()
}

fn extract_typed_values_for_path(typed_root: &StructArray, path: &str) -> Option<ArrayRef> {
    let path = VariantPath::from(path);
    if path.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }

    let mut cursor = typed_root;
    for (idx, element) in path.iter().enumerate() {
        let field_name = match element {
            parquet::variant::VariantPathElement::Field { name } => name.as_ref(),
            parquet::variant::VariantPathElement::Index { .. } => return None,
        };
        let field = cursor.column_by_name(field_name)?;
        if idx == path.len() - 1 {
            return Some(field.clone());
        }
        let struct_field = field.as_any().downcast_ref::<StructArray>()?;
        let typed_value = struct_field.column_by_name("typed_value")?;
        cursor = typed_value.as_any().downcast_ref::<StructArray>()?;
    }

    None
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::cache::cached_batch::CacheEntry;
    use crate::cache::{CacheExpression, io_context::TestSqueezeIo};
    use crate::liquid_array::{LiquidSqueezedArray, SqueezedBacking, VariantStructSqueezedArray};
    use arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef, Int32Array, StringArray, StructArray};
    use arrow_schema::Fields;
    use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field};
    use parquet::variant::VariantPath;
    use parquet_variant_compute::{GetOptions, json_to_variant, variant_get};
    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
    use std::sync::Arc;

    fn int_array(n: i32) -> ArrayRef {
        Arc::new(Int32Array::from_iter_values(0..n))
    }

    fn decode_arrow(bytes: &Bytes) -> ArrayRef {
        let cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(bytes.to_vec());
        let mut reader =
            arrow::ipc::reader::StreamReader::try_new(cursor, None).expect("arrow stream");
        let batch = reader
            .next()
            .expect("non-empty stream")
            .expect("read stream");
        batch.column(0).clone()
    }

    fn struct_array() -> ArrayRef {
        let values = Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![Some(1), None, Some(3)])) as ArrayRef;
        let field = Arc::new(Field::new("value", DataType::Int32, true));
        Arc::new(StructArray::from(vec![(field, values)]))
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_squeeze_to_disk_policy() {
        let disk = Evict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());
        // MemoryArrow -> DiskArrow + bytes (Arrow IPC)
        let arr = int_array(8);
        let (new_batch, bytes) = disk.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(arr.clone()),
            &states,
            None,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        let data = new_batch;
        match (data, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::DiskArrow(dt), Some(b)) => {
                assert_eq!(dt, DataType::Int32);
                let decoded = decode_arrow(&b);
                assert_eq!(decoded.as_ref(), arr.as_ref());
            }
            other => panic!("unexpected: {other:?}"),
        }

        // MemoryLiquid (strings) -> MemoryHybridLiquid + bytes
        let strings = Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["a", "b", "a"])) as ArrayRef;
        let liquid = transcode_liquid_inner(&strings, &states).unwrap();
        let (new_batch, bytes) = disk.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_liquid(liquid.clone()),
            &states,
            None,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        let data = new_batch;
        match (data, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::DiskLiquid(_), Some(b)) => {
                assert!(!b.is_empty());
            }
            other => panic!("unexpected: {other:?}"),
        }

        let expression = Some(&CacheExpression::PredicateColumn);
        // MemorySqueezedLiquid -> DiskLiquid, no extra bytes
        let squeezed = match liquid.squeeze(squeeze_io.clone(), expression) {
            Some((h, _b)) => h,
            None => panic!("squeeze should succeed for byte-view"),
        };
        let (new_batch, bytes) = disk.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_squeezed_liquid(squeezed),
            &states,
            expression,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        let data = new_batch;
        match (data, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::DiskLiquid(_data_type), None) => {}
            other => panic!("unexpected: {other:?}"),
        }

        // Disk* -> unchanged, no bytes
        let (b1, w1) = disk.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::disk_arrow(DataType::Utf8),
            &states,
            expression,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        assert!(matches!(b1, CacheEntry::DiskArrow(DataType::Utf8)) && w1.is_none());
        let (b2, w2) = disk.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::disk_liquid(DataType::Utf8),
            &states,
            expression,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        assert!(matches!(b2, CacheEntry::DiskLiquid(DataType::Utf8)) && w2.is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_squeeze_to_liquid_policy() {
        let to_liquid = TranscodeSqueezeEvict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());

        // MemoryArrow -> MemoryLiquid, no bytes
        let arr = int_array(8);
        let (new_batch, bytes) = to_liquid.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(arr.clone()),
            &states,
            None,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        assert!(bytes.is_none());
        match new_batch {
            CacheEntry::MemoryLiquid(liq) => {
                assert_eq!(liq.to_arrow_array().as_ref(), arr.as_ref());
            }
            other => panic!("unexpected: {other:?}"),
        }
        let expression = Some(&CacheExpression::PredicateColumn);

        // MemoryLiquid (strings) -> MemorySqueezedLiquid + bytes
        let strings = Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["x", "y", "x"])) as ArrayRef;
        let liquid = transcode_liquid_inner(&strings, &states).unwrap();
        let (new_batch, bytes) = to_liquid.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_liquid(liquid),
            &states,
            expression,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::MemorySqueezedLiquid(_), Some(b)) => assert!(!b.is_empty()),
            other => panic!("unexpected: {other:?}"),
        }

        // MemorySqueezedLiquid -> DiskLiquid, no bytes
        let strings = Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["m", "n"])) as ArrayRef;
        let liquid = transcode_liquid_inner(&strings, &states).unwrap();
        let squeezed = liquid.squeeze(squeeze_io.clone(), expression).unwrap().0;
        let (new_batch, bytes) = to_liquid.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_squeezed_liquid(squeezed),
            &states,
            expression,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::DiskLiquid(DataType::Utf8), None) => {}
            other => panic!("unexpected: {other:?}"),
        }

        // Disk* -> unchanged
        let (b1, w1) = to_liquid.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::disk_arrow(DataType::Utf8),
            &states,
            expression,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        assert!(matches!(b1, CacheEntry::DiskArrow(DataType::Utf8)) && w1.is_none());
        let (b2, w2) = to_liquid.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::disk_liquid(DataType::Utf8),
            &states,
            expression,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        assert!(matches!(b2, CacheEntry::DiskLiquid(DataType::Utf8)) && w2.is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn transcode_squeeze_struct_falls_back_to_disk_arrow() {
        let to_liquid = TranscodeSqueezeEvict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());
        let struct_arr = struct_array();
        let (new_batch, bytes) = to_liquid.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(struct_arr.clone()),
            &states,
            None,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::DiskArrow(dt), Some(b)) => {
                assert_eq!(&dt, struct_arr.data_type());
                assert_eq!(decode_arrow(&b).as_ref(), struct_arr.as_ref());
            }
            other => panic!("expected disk arrow fallback, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn transcode_evict_struct_falls_back_to_disk_arrow() {
        let to_disk = TranscodeEvict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());
        let struct_arr = struct_array();
        let (new_batch, bytes) = to_disk.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(struct_arr.clone()),
            &states,
            None,
            &squeeze_io,
        );
        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::DiskArrow(dt), Some(b)) => {
                assert_eq!(&dt, struct_arr.data_type());
                assert_eq!(decode_arrow(&b).as_ref(), struct_arr.as_ref());
            }
            other => panic!("expected disk arrow fallback, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    fn enriched_variant_array(path: &str, data_type: DataType) -> ArrayRef {
        enriched_variant_array_with_paths(&[(path, data_type)])
    }

    fn enriched_variant_array_with_paths(entries: &[(&str, DataType)]) -> ArrayRef {
        let values: ArrayRef = Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec![
            Some(r#"{"name": "Alice", "age": 30}"#),
            Some(r#"{"name": "Bob", "age": 25}"#),
            Some(r#"{"name": "Charlie", "age": 35}"#),
        ]));
        let base_variant = json_to_variant(&values).unwrap();
        let base_arr: ArrayRef = Arc::new(base_variant.inner().clone());

        let mut typed_structs: BTreeMap<String, ArrayRef> = BTreeMap::new();

        for (path, data_type) in entries.iter() {
            let typed_values = variant_get(
                &base_arr,
                GetOptions::new_with_path(VariantPath::from(*path)).with_as_type(Some(Arc::new(
                    Field::new("typed_value", data_type.clone(), true),
                ))),
            )
            .unwrap();

            typed_structs
                .entry(path.to_string())
                .or_insert(Arc::new(StructArray::new(
                    Fields::from(vec![Arc::new(Field::new(
                        "typed_value",
                        data_type.clone(),
                        true,
                    ))]),
                    vec![typed_values.clone()],
                    None,
                )));
        }

        let mut typed_fields: Vec<Arc<Field>> = Vec::new();
        let mut typed_columns: Vec<ArrayRef> = Vec::new();
        for (name, tree) in typed_structs {
            typed_fields.push(Arc::new(Field::new(
                name.as_str(),
                tree.data_type().clone(),
                true,
            )));
            typed_columns.push(tree.clone());
        }

        let typed_struct = Arc::new(StructArray::new(
            Fields::from(typed_fields),
            typed_columns,
            base_variant.inner().nulls().cloned(),
        ));

        let inner = base_variant.inner();
        use arrow::array::BinaryViewArray;
        Arc::new(StructArray::new(
            Fields::from(vec![
                Arc::new(Field::new("metadata", DataType::BinaryView, false)),
                Arc::new(Field::new("value", DataType::BinaryView, true)),
                Arc::new(Field::new(
                    "typed_value",
                    typed_struct.data_type().clone(),
                    true,
                )),
            ]),
            vec![
                inner
                    .column_by_name("metadata")
                    .cloned()
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(base_variant.metadata_field().clone()) as ArrayRef),
                inner.column_by_name("value").cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| {
                    Arc::new(BinaryViewArray::from(vec![None::<&[u8]>; inner.len()])) as ArrayRef
                }),
                typed_struct as ArrayRef,
            ],
            inner.nulls().cloned(),
        )) as ArrayRef
    }

    fn assert_variant_squeezed(
        squeezed: &LiquidSqueezedArrayRef,
        expected_path: &str,
        bytes: &Bytes,
    ) {
        use futures::executor::block_on;

        assert!(!bytes.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(squeezed.disk_backing(), SqueezedBacking::Arrow);
        let struct_squeezed = squeezed
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<VariantStructSqueezedArray>()
            .expect("squeezed variant struct");
        let arrow_array = block_on(struct_squeezed.to_arrow_array());
        let struct_array = arrow_array
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<StructArray>()
            .expect("variant struct");
        let value_column = struct_array
            .column_by_name("value")
            .expect("value column present");
        assert_eq!(value_column.len(), value_column.null_count());
        let typed_struct = struct_array
            .column_by_name("typed_value")
            .expect("typed_value column")
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<StructArray>()
            .expect("typed struct");
        assert!(
            extract_typed_values_for_path(typed_struct, expected_path).is_some(),
            "typed path {expected_path} missing from squeezed variant"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variant_squeeze_with_hint() {
        let policy = TranscodeSqueezeEvict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let variant_arr = enriched_variant_array("name", DataType::Utf8);
        let hint = CacheExpression::variant_get("name", DataType::Utf8);
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());

        let (new_batch, bytes) = policy.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(variant_arr),
            &states,
            Some(&hint),
            &squeeze_io,
        );

        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::MemorySqueezedLiquid(squeezed), Some(b)) => {
                assert_variant_squeezed(&squeezed, "name", &b);
            }
            other => panic!("expected MemorySqueezedLiquid with bytes, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variant_squeeze_with_int64_path() {
        let policy = TranscodeSqueezeEvict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let variant_arr = enriched_variant_array("age", DataType::Int64);
        let hint = CacheExpression::variant_get("age", DataType::Int64);
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());

        let (new_batch, bytes) = policy.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(variant_arr),
            &states,
            Some(&hint),
            &squeeze_io,
        );

        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::MemorySqueezedLiquid(squeezed), Some(b)) => {
                assert_variant_squeezed(&squeezed, "age", &b);
            }
            other => panic!("expected MemorySqueezedLiquid with bytes, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variant_squeeze_with_multiple_paths_preserves_all_fields() {
        let policy = TranscodeSqueezeEvict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let variant_arr = enriched_variant_array_with_paths(&[
            ("name", DataType::Utf8),
            ("age", DataType::Int64),
        ]);
        let hint = CacheExpression::variant_get("name", DataType::Utf8);
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());

        let (new_batch, bytes) = policy.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(variant_arr),
            &states,
            Some(&hint),
            &squeeze_io,
        );

        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::MemorySqueezedLiquid(squeezed), Some(b)) => {
                assert!(!b.is_empty());
                let struct_squeezed = squeezed
                    .as_any()
                    .downcast_ref::<VariantStructSqueezedArray>()
                    .unwrap();
                let arrow_array = futures::executor::block_on(struct_squeezed.to_arrow_array());
                let struct_array = arrow_array.as_any().downcast_ref::<StructArray>().unwrap();
                let typed_value = struct_array
                    .column_by_name("typed_value")
                    .unwrap()
                    .as_any()
                    .downcast_ref::<StructArray>()
                    .unwrap();
                assert!(typed_value.column_by_name("name").is_some());
                assert!(typed_value.column_by_name("age").is_none());
            }
            other => panic!("expected MemorySqueezedLiquid with bytes, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variant_squeeze_without_hint() {
        let policy = TranscodeSqueezeEvict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let variant_arr = enriched_variant_array("name", DataType::Utf8);
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());

        let (new_batch, bytes) = policy.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(variant_arr),
            &states,
            None,
            &squeeze_io,
        );

        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::DiskArrow(_), Some(b)) => assert!(!b.is_empty()),
            (CacheEntry::MemoryLiquid(_), None) => {}
            other => panic!("expected DiskArrow with bytes or MemoryLiquid, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variant_squeeze_skips_when_path_missing() {
        let policy = TranscodeSqueezeEvict;
        let states = LiquidCompressorStates::new();
        let squeeze_io: Arc<dyn SqueezeIoHandler> = Arc::new(TestSqueezeIo::default());
        let variant_arr = enriched_variant_array("name", DataType::Utf8);
        let hint = CacheExpression::variant_get("age", DataType::Int64);

        let (new_batch, bytes) = policy.squeeze(
            &CacheEntry::memory_arrow(variant_arr.clone()),
            &states,
            Some(&hint),
            &squeeze_io,
        );

        match (new_batch, bytes) {
            (CacheEntry::DiskArrow(dt), Some(b)) => {
                assert_eq!(dt, variant_arr.data_type().clone());
                assert!(!b.is_empty());
            }
            other => panic!("expected DiskArrow fallback when path missing, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }
}