limnifs-core 0.3.16

//! Locator entry (spec §12, `bit-level/37-locator-entry.md`).
//!
//! A length-prefixed URI in the form `scheme ":" scheme_specific_part`.
//! Locator entries appear inside larger sections (metadata reference
//! §5.3, slab index §5.4). Readers race alternatives per §I9 when
//! multiple entries exist for one blob.

use crate::cursor::ManifestCursor;
use crate::error::CoreError;

/// Width of the u32 LE length prefix on every locator entry.
pub const LOCATOR_LENGTH_PREFIX_LEN: usize = 4;

/// Default per-locator URI byte ceiling. The manifest's parameters
/// section may override.
pub const DEFAULT_LOCATOR_MAX_URI_BYTES: u32 = 4 * 1024;

/// Smallest meaningful URI: one-letter scheme plus `://`. Lengths
/// below this are `Corrupt`.
pub const MIN_LOCATOR_URI_BYTES: u32 = 4;

/// A parsed locator entry. The URI is owned so the entry outlives the
/// cursor's borrow.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub struct LocatorEntry {
    pub uri: String,
}

impl LocatorEntry {
    /// Extract the scheme (substring before the first `:`). Returns
    /// `None` if there is no colon — but parsers reject such inputs
    /// up front, so callers can treat this as infallible for any
    /// locator that came from [`parse_locator_entry`].
    #[must_use]
    pub fn scheme(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.uri.split_once(':').map(|(scheme, _)| scheme)
    }

    /// Extract the scheme-specific part (everything after the first
    /// `:`). Returns `None` if there is no colon.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn scheme_specific_part(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.uri.split_once(':').map(|(_, rest)| rest)
    }
}

/// Parse a single locator entry from the cursor's current position.
///
/// Reads the u32 LE length prefix, then the URI bytes. Performs the
/// structural checks: minimum length, maximum length (default 4 KiB),
/// UTF-8 validity, presence of a `:` separator, and RFC 3986 scheme
/// grammar.
///
/// Does NOT check whether the scheme is one the reader implements —
/// that policy belongs to the locator-racing layer (§I9), not the
/// parser.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// - [`CoreError::TooShort`] if the cursor has fewer than
///   `4 + length` bytes.
/// - [`CoreError::Corrupt`] if `length < 4`, if `length` exceeds the
///   configured ceiling, if the URI bytes are not valid UTF-8, if no
///   `:` separator is present, or if the scheme does not match RFC
///   3986 grammar.
pub fn parse_locator_entry(cursor: &mut ManifestCursor<'_>) -> Result<LocatorEntry, CoreError> {
    parse_locator_entry_with_ceiling(cursor, DEFAULT_LOCATOR_MAX_URI_BYTES)
}

/// Parse `count` consecutive locator entries. Used by sections that
/// carry a u32 LE locator count followed by N locator entries
/// (§5.3 metadata reference, §5.4 slab index, future sections).
///
/// Performs the pre-allocation `DoS` check: verifies the cursor's
/// remaining bytes are at least `count × MIN_LOCATOR_URI_BYTES` BEFORE
/// allocating the result `Vec`. Without this, a malicious `count`
/// could trigger a multi-GB allocation.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Inherits all errors from [`parse_locator_entry`], and additionally
/// returns [`CoreError::Corrupt`] when `count` overflows usize when
/// scaled by the minimum entry width, or [`CoreError::TooShort`] when
/// the remaining buffer cannot hold the declared count.
pub fn parse_locator_entries(
    cursor: &mut ManifestCursor<'_>,
    count: u32,
) -> Result<Vec<LocatorEntry>, CoreError> {
    parse_locator_entries_with_ceiling(cursor, count, DEFAULT_LOCATOR_MAX_URI_BYTES)
}

/// Same as [`parse_locator_entries`] but with a caller-supplied
/// per-entry URI byte ceiling.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Inherits all errors from [`parse_locator_entries`].
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `MIN_LOCATOR_URI_BYTES` somehow does not fit in `usize`.
/// This is a constant (4) and the panic is unreachable on any
/// supported platform; the assertion exists only to satisfy the
/// `u32`→`usize` cast on 32-bit targets.
pub fn parse_locator_entries_with_ceiling(
    cursor: &mut ManifestCursor<'_>,
    count: u32,
    max_uri_bytes: u32,
) -> Result<Vec<LocatorEntry>, CoreError> {
    let count_us = usize::try_from(count).map_err(|_| CoreError::Corrupt {
        reason: format!("locator entry count {count} exceeds usize"),
    })?;
    // Each locator entry needs at least: 4-byte length prefix + MIN_LOCATOR_URI_BYTES.
    let min_uri = usize::try_from(MIN_LOCATOR_URI_BYTES).expect("MIN_LOCATOR_URI_BYTES fits usize");
    let min_entry_width = LOCATOR_LENGTH_PREFIX_LEN + min_uri;
    let min_total = count_us
        .checked_mul(min_entry_width)
        .ok_or_else(|| CoreError::Corrupt {
            reason: format!("locator entry count {count_us} overflows usize"),
        })?;
    if cursor.remaining_len() < min_total {
        return Err(CoreError::TooShort {
            have: cursor.remaining_len(),
            need: min_total,
        });
    }
    let mut entries = Vec::with_capacity(count_us);
    for index in 0..count_us {
        let entry = parse_locator_entry_with_ceiling(cursor, max_uri_bytes).map_err(|err| {
            // Annotate the error with the entry index so callers get a
            // precise pointer when debugging.
            match err {
                CoreError::Corrupt { reason } => CoreError::Corrupt {
                    reason: format!("locator entry {index}: {reason}"),
                },
                other => other,
            }
        })?;
        entries.push(entry);
    }
    Ok(entries)
}

/// Same as [`parse_locator_entry`] but lets the caller supply a
/// `max_uri_bytes` overriding the 4 KiB default.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Inherits all errors from [`parse_locator_entry`].
pub fn parse_locator_entry_with_ceiling(
    cursor: &mut ManifestCursor<'_>,
    max_uri_bytes: u32,
) -> Result<LocatorEntry, CoreError> {
    let raw_length = cursor.read_u32_le()?;
    if raw_length < MIN_LOCATOR_URI_BYTES {
        return Err(CoreError::Corrupt {
            reason: format!("locator length {raw_length} is below minimum {MIN_LOCATOR_URI_BYTES}"),
        });
    }
    if raw_length > max_uri_bytes {
        return Err(CoreError::Corrupt {
            reason: format!("locator length {raw_length} exceeds ceiling {max_uri_bytes}"),
        });
    }
    let length = usize::try_from(raw_length).map_err(|_| CoreError::Corrupt {
        reason: format!("locator length {raw_length} exceeds usize"),
    })?;
    let uri_bytes = cursor.read_n(length)?;
    let uri = std::str::from_utf8(uri_bytes).map_err(|_| CoreError::Corrupt {
        reason: format!("locator URI is not valid UTF-8 ({length} bytes)"),
    })?;
    let (scheme, rest) = uri.split_once(':').ok_or_else(|| CoreError::Corrupt {
        reason: format!("locator URI {uri:?} missing scheme separator ':'"),
    })?;
    if scheme.is_empty() {
        return Err(CoreError::Corrupt {
            reason: format!("locator URI {uri:?} has empty scheme"),
        });
    }
    if !is_valid_scheme(scheme) {
        return Err(CoreError::Corrupt {
            reason: format!(
                "locator URI {uri:?} has scheme {scheme:?} that does not match RFC 3986 grammar"
            ),
        });
    }
    if rest.is_empty() {
        return Err(CoreError::Corrupt {
            reason: format!("locator URI {uri:?} has empty scheme-specific part"),
        });
    }
    Ok(LocatorEntry {
        uri: uri.to_owned(),
    })
}

/// Extract the local sidecar FILE NAME from a `file:` locator URI,
/// refusing anything that could escape the image's directory when
/// joined against the image path.
///
/// The URI grammar itself stays permissive (the format allows rich
/// `file:` paths such as `file:///var/lib/...` for future resolver
/// backends), so this gate lives at every LOCAL join site: only a
/// flat name — no `/`, no `\\`, no NUL, no `:` (kills drive letters
/// and scheme confusion), and not `.`/`..` — may be resolved against
/// the local filesystem. Without this, a malicious manifest could
/// point a slab or metadata sidecar at `file:../../etc/passwd` (or
/// an absolute path, which `Path::join` substitutes wholesale) and
/// exfiltrate host files through `cat`/`extract` (CWE-22).
///
/// Writer-emitted locators are always flat (`slab-0.bin`,
/// `metadata.bin`), so legitimate images are unaffected.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// [`CoreError::Corrupt`] if the URI is not `file:`, or its
/// scheme-specific part is not a flat file name.
pub fn local_sidecar_name(uri: &str) -> Result<&str, CoreError> {
    let rest = uri
        .strip_prefix("file:")
        .ok_or_else(|| CoreError::Corrupt {
            reason: format!(
                "locator {uri:?} is not a file: URI; local sidecar access requires one"
            ),
        })?;
    if rest.is_empty()
        || rest == "."
        || rest == ".."
        || rest.contains('/')
        || rest.contains('\\')
        || rest.contains('\0')
        || rest.contains(':')
    {
        return Err(CoreError::Corrupt {
            reason: format!(
                "locator {uri:?} is not a flat file name; local sidecar access \
                 refuses paths that could escape the image directory"
            ),
        });
    }
    Ok(rest)
}

/// RFC 3986 section 3.1: `scheme = ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." )`.
fn is_valid_scheme(scheme: &str) -> bool {
    let mut chars = scheme.chars();
    let first = chars.next();
    if !first.is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_alphabetic()) {
        return false;
    }
    chars.all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(c, '+' | '-' | '.'))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn make_locator_bytes(uri: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(LOCATOR_LENGTH_PREFIX_LEN + uri.len());
        let length = u32::try_from(uri.len()).expect("test URI fits u32");
        bytes.extend_from_slice(&length.to_le_bytes());
        bytes.extend_from_slice(uri.as_bytes());
        bytes
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_file_uri() {
        let uri = "file:///var/lib/limnifs/slab-7.bin";
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes(uri);
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let entry = parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor).expect("file URI parses");
        assert_eq!(entry.uri, uri);
        assert_eq!(entry.scheme(), Some("file"));
        assert_eq!(
            entry.scheme_specific_part(),
            Some("///var/lib/limnifs/slab-7.bin")
        );
        assert_eq!(cursor.position(), bytes.len());
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_https_uri_with_query() {
        let uri = "https://cdn.example.com/slabs/7.bin?range=0-4095";
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes(uri);
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let entry = parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor).expect("https URI parses");
        assert_eq!(entry.scheme(), Some("https"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_s3_uri() {
        let uri = "s3://my-bucket/slabs/7.bin?region=us-east-1";
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes(uri);
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let entry = parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor).expect("s3 URI parses");
        assert_eq!(entry.scheme(), Some("s3"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_ipfs_uri() {
        let uri = "ipfs://bafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi";
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes(uri);
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let entry = parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor).expect("ipfs URI parses");
        assert_eq!(entry.scheme(), Some("ipfs"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_limni_p2p_uri_with_plus_and_dash() {
        // Scheme `limni-p2p` exercises the `-` grammar; an extra
        // `+` in the scheme position is also valid per RFC 3986.
        let uri = "limni-p2p://12D3KooWabc/some-hash";
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes(uri);
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let entry = parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor).expect("limni-p2p URI parses");
        assert_eq!(entry.scheme(), Some("limni-p2p"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_length_below_minimum() {
        let bytes = 3u32.to_le_bytes();
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::Corrupt { reason }) => {
                assert!(reason.contains("minimum"), "got: {reason}");
            }
            other => panic!("expected Corrupt, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_length_above_default_ceiling() {
        let bytes = (DEFAULT_LOCATOR_MAX_URI_BYTES + 1).to_le_bytes();
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::Corrupt { reason }) => {
                assert!(reason.contains("ceiling"), "got: {reason}");
            }
            other => panic!("expected Corrupt, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn custom_ceiling_accepts_longer_uri() {
        let long_uri = format!("file:///{}", "a".repeat(8192));
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes(&long_uri);
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let entry = parse_locator_entry_with_ceiling(&mut cursor, 16 * 1024)
            .expect("custom ceiling accepts");
        assert_eq!(entry.uri, long_uri);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_non_utf8_uri() {
        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
        bytes.extend_from_slice(&5u32.to_le_bytes());
        bytes.extend_from_slice(b"ab\xff\xfe:"); // invalid UTF-8 + colon
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::Corrupt { reason }) => {
                assert!(reason.contains("UTF-8"), "got: {reason}");
            }
            other => panic!("expected Corrupt, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_missing_colon() {
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes("abcde");
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::Corrupt { reason }) => {
                assert!(reason.contains("separator"), "got: {reason}");
            }
            other => panic!("expected Corrupt, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_scheme_starting_with_digit() {
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes("1abc://example.com/");
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::Corrupt { reason }) => {
                assert!(reason.contains("RFC 3986"), "got: {reason}");
            }
            other => panic!("expected Corrupt, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_scheme_with_invalid_character() {
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes("ab c://example.com/");
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::Corrupt { reason }) => {
                assert!(reason.contains("RFC 3986"), "got: {reason}");
            }
            other => panic!("expected Corrupt, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_empty_scheme_specific_part() {
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes("file:");
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::Corrupt { reason }) => {
                assert!(reason.contains("empty scheme-specific"), "got: {reason}");
            }
            other => panic!("expected Corrupt, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_truncated_uri_body() {
        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
        bytes.extend_from_slice(&100u32.to_le_bytes()); // claim 100 bytes
        bytes.extend_from_slice(b"file://short"); // only 11 bytes
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::TooShort { .. }) => {}
            other => panic!("expected TooShort, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_truncated_length_prefix() {
        let bytes = [0u8; 3];
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor) {
            Err(CoreError::TooShort { .. }) => {}
            other => panic!("expected TooShort, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_two_consecutive_entries() {
        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
        bytes.extend(make_locator_bytes("file:///a.bin"));
        bytes.extend(make_locator_bytes("https://cdn/b.bin"));
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let first = parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor).expect("first parses");
        let second = parse_locator_entry(&mut cursor).expect("second parses");
        assert_eq!(first.scheme(), Some("file"));
        assert_eq!(second.scheme(), Some("https"));
        assert_eq!(cursor.position(), bytes.len());
    }

    #[test]
    fn parse_locator_entries_returns_all_in_order() {
        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
        bytes.extend(make_locator_bytes("file:///a.bin"));
        bytes.extend(make_locator_bytes("https://cdn/b.bin"));
        bytes.extend(make_locator_bytes("s3://bucket/c.bin"));
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let entries = parse_locator_entries(&mut cursor, 3).expect("three parse");
        assert_eq!(entries.len(), 3);
        assert_eq!(entries[0].scheme(), Some("file"));
        assert_eq!(entries[1].scheme(), Some("https"));
        assert_eq!(entries[2].scheme(), Some("s3"));
        assert_eq!(cursor.position(), bytes.len());
    }

    #[test]
    fn parse_locator_entries_handles_zero() {
        let bytes = Vec::new();
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        let entries = parse_locator_entries(&mut cursor, 0).expect("zero parses");
        assert!(entries.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn parse_locator_entries_rejects_count_that_overruns_buffer() {
        // Declare 10 entries but provide only 1.
        let bytes = make_locator_bytes("file:///a.bin");
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entries(&mut cursor, 10) {
            Err(CoreError::TooShort { have, need }) => {
                assert!(need > have, "need {need} should exceed have {have}");
            }
            other => panic!("expected TooShort, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn parse_locator_entries_annotates_inner_error_with_index() {
        // Entry 1 is fine; entry 2 has no colon.
        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
        bytes.extend(make_locator_bytes("file:///a.bin"));
        bytes.extend(make_locator_bytes("abcde")); // missing colon
        let mut cursor = ManifestCursor::new(&bytes);
        match parse_locator_entries(&mut cursor, 2) {
            Err(CoreError::Corrupt { reason }) => {
                assert!(reason.contains("entry 1"), "got: {reason}");
                assert!(reason.contains("separator"));
            }
            other => panic!("expected Corrupt, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod local_sidecar_tests {
    use super::local_sidecar_name;

    #[test]
    fn flat_names_pass() {
        assert_eq!(local_sidecar_name("file:slab-0.bin").unwrap(), "slab-0.bin");
        assert_eq!(
            local_sidecar_name("file:metadata.bin").unwrap(),
            "metadata.bin"
        );
        assert_eq!(local_sidecar_name("file:a.bin").unwrap(), "a.bin");
    }

    #[test]
    fn traversal_is_refused() {
        // CWE-22: each of these, joined against the image directory,
        // escapes it (or replaces it wholesale for absolute paths).
        for evil in [
            "file:../evil.bin",
            "file:../../etc/passwd",
            "file:/etc/passwd",
            "file://etc/passwd",
            "file:///var/lib/x",
            "file:sub/dir/slab.bin",
            "file:.\\..\\evil",
            "file:C:\\Windows\\evil",
            "file:.",
            "file:..",
            "file:",
        ] {
            let err = local_sidecar_name(evil)
                .err()
                .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{evil:?} must be refused"));
            assert!(
                err.to_string().contains("flat file name"),
                "{evil:?}: {err}"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_file_schemes_are_refused_for_local_access() {
        for uri in [
            "https://example.com/x",
            "s3://bucket/k",
            "ipfs:cid",
            "plain",
        ] {
            assert!(local_sidecar_name(uri).is_err(), "{uri:?} must be refused");
        }
    }
}