libpgs 0.6.0

Fast PGS subtitle extraction, encoding, and round-trip transformation for MKV and M2TS containers
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
use crate::ebml::{ids, read_element_id, read_element_size};
use crate::error::PgsError;
use crate::io::SeekBufReader;
use crate::mkv::block;
use std::io::{Read, Seek};

/// A raw PGS block extracted from a Cluster, with timing info.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct PgsBlock {
    /// MKV track number this block belongs to.
    pub track_number: u64,
    /// Absolute presentation timestamp in Cluster timestamp units.
    /// (cluster_timestamp + block_relative_timestamp)
    pub timestamp: i64,
    /// Raw block payload (PGS segment data, may contain multiple segments).
    pub data: Vec<u8>,
}

/// Scan a single Cluster and extract all PGS blocks for the given tracks.
///
/// The reader should be positioned at the start of the Cluster's data
/// (after the Cluster element ID + size have been consumed).
pub fn scan_cluster_for_pgs<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut SeekBufReader<R>,
    cluster_data_start: u64,
    cluster_data_size: u64,
    pgs_track_numbers: &[u64],
) -> Result<Vec<PgsBlock>, PgsError> {
    scan_cluster_inner(
        reader,
        cluster_data_start,
        cluster_data_size,
        pgs_track_numbers,
        false,
    )
}

/// Scan a single Cluster with fully sequential I/O (no seeks).
///
/// Like `scan_cluster_for_pgs`, but reads through non-PGS data instead of
/// seeking past it. Keeps I/O fully sequential for NAS throughput.
pub fn scan_cluster_for_pgs_sequential<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut SeekBufReader<R>,
    cluster_data_start: u64,
    cluster_data_size: u64,
    pgs_track_numbers: &[u64],
) -> Result<Vec<PgsBlock>, PgsError> {
    scan_cluster_inner(
        reader,
        cluster_data_start,
        cluster_data_size,
        pgs_track_numbers,
        true,
    )
}

fn scan_cluster_inner<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut SeekBufReader<R>,
    cluster_data_start: u64,
    cluster_data_size: u64,
    pgs_track_numbers: &[u64],
    sequential: bool,
) -> Result<Vec<PgsBlock>, PgsError> {
    if !sequential {
        reader.seek_to(cluster_data_start)?;
    }
    let cluster_end = cluster_data_start + cluster_data_size;

    let mut cluster_timestamp: i64 = 0;
    let mut pgs_blocks = Vec::new();

    while reader.position() < cluster_end {
        let child_id = match read_element_id(reader) {
            Ok(id) => id,
            Err(_) => break,
        };
        let child_size = match read_element_size(reader) {
            Ok(s) => s,
            Err(_) => break,
        };
        let child_data_start = reader.position();

        match child_id.value {
            ids::TIMESTAMP => {
                cluster_timestamp = reader.read_uint_be(child_size.value as usize)? as i64;
            }
            ids::SIMPLE_BLOCK => {
                extract_pgs_from_block(
                    reader,
                    child_size.value,
                    cluster_timestamp,
                    pgs_track_numbers,
                    &mut pgs_blocks,
                    sequential,
                )?;
            }
            ids::BLOCK_GROUP => {
                extract_pgs_from_block_group(
                    reader,
                    child_data_start,
                    child_size.value,
                    cluster_timestamp,
                    pgs_track_numbers,
                    &mut pgs_blocks,
                    sequential,
                )?;
            }
            _ => {
                skip_or_drain(reader, child_size.value, sequential)?;
            }
        }
    }

    Ok(pgs_blocks)
}

/// Skip or drain bytes depending on sequential mode.
#[inline]
fn skip_or_drain<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut SeekBufReader<R>,
    n: u64,
    sequential: bool,
) -> Result<(), PgsError> {
    if sequential {
        reader.drain(n)?;
    } else {
        reader.skip(n)?;
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Check a SimpleBlock: read its track number, and if it matches any PGS track, read the payload.
/// Otherwise, skip (or drain) the remaining payload.
fn extract_pgs_from_block<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut SeekBufReader<R>,
    block_size: u64,
    cluster_timestamp: i64,
    pgs_track_numbers: &[u64],
    pgs_blocks: &mut Vec<PgsBlock>,
    sequential: bool,
) -> Result<(), PgsError> {
    let block_start = reader.position();
    let block_end = block_start + block_size;

    let header = block::read_block_header(reader)?;

    if !pgs_track_numbers.contains(&header.track_number) {
        // Not a PGS track — skip/drain the remaining payload.
        let remaining = block_end - reader.position();
        skip_or_drain(reader, remaining, sequential)?;
        return Ok(());
    }

    // This is a PGS block! Read the payload.
    let payload_size = (block_end - reader.position()) as usize;
    let data = reader.read_bytes(payload_size)?;

    pgs_blocks.push(PgsBlock {
        track_number: header.track_number,
        timestamp: cluster_timestamp + header.relative_timestamp as i64,
        data,
    });

    Ok(())
}

/// Parse a BlockGroup, look for the Block child, and extract PGS data if it matches any track.
fn extract_pgs_from_block_group<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut SeekBufReader<R>,
    data_start: u64,
    data_size: u64,
    cluster_timestamp: i64,
    pgs_track_numbers: &[u64],
    pgs_blocks: &mut Vec<PgsBlock>,
    sequential: bool,
) -> Result<(), PgsError> {
    let end = data_start + data_size;

    while reader.position() < end {
        let child_id = match read_element_id(reader) {
            Ok(id) => id,
            Err(_) => break,
        };
        let child_size = match read_element_size(reader) {
            Ok(s) => s,
            Err(_) => break,
        };

        if child_id.value == ids::BLOCK {
            extract_pgs_from_block(
                reader,
                child_size.value,
                cluster_timestamp,
                pgs_track_numbers,
                pgs_blocks,
                sequential,
            )?;
        } else {
            skip_or_drain(reader, child_size.value, sequential)?;
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Read a single PGS block at a known position within a Cluster.
///
/// `block_position` is the absolute byte position of the SimpleBlock or BlockGroup element.
/// `cue_time` is the absolute timestamp from the CuePoint. Per the Matroska spec, when
/// `CueRelativePosition` points at a specific block, `CueTime` is that block's absolute
/// presentation timestamp — so we use it directly, without adding the block's
/// cluster-relative timestamp on top.
/// Returns the PGS block if the block belongs to one of the target tracks, or None.
pub fn read_block_at_position<R: Read + Seek>(
    reader: &mut SeekBufReader<R>,
    block_position: u64,
    cue_time: u64,
    pgs_track_numbers: &[u64],
) -> Result<Option<PgsBlock>, PgsError> {
    reader.seek_to(block_position)?;

    let elem_id = match read_element_id(reader) {
        Ok(id) => id,
        Err(_) => return Ok(None),
    };
    let elem_size = match read_element_size(reader) {
        Ok(s) => s,
        Err(_) => return Ok(None),
    };

    match elem_id.value {
        ids::SIMPLE_BLOCK | ids::BLOCK => {
            let block_start = reader.position();
            let block_end = block_start + elem_size.value;

            let header = block::read_block_header(reader)?;
            if !pgs_track_numbers.contains(&header.track_number) {
                return Ok(None);
            }

            let payload_size = (block_end - reader.position()) as usize;
            let data = reader.read_bytes(payload_size)?;

            Ok(Some(PgsBlock {
                track_number: header.track_number,
                timestamp: cue_time as i64,
                data,
            }))
        }
        ids::BLOCK_GROUP => {
            // Enter BlockGroup, find the Block child.
            let bg_end = reader.position() + elem_size.value;
            while reader.position() < bg_end {
                let child_id = match read_element_id(reader) {
                    Ok(id) => id,
                    Err(_) => break,
                };
                let child_size = match read_element_size(reader) {
                    Ok(s) => s,
                    Err(_) => break,
                };

                if child_id.value == ids::BLOCK {
                    let block_start = reader.position();
                    let block_end = block_start + child_size.value;

                    let header = block::read_block_header(reader)?;
                    if !pgs_track_numbers.contains(&header.track_number) {
                        return Ok(None);
                    }

                    let payload_size = (block_end - reader.position()) as usize;
                    let data = reader.read_bytes(payload_size)?;

                    return Ok(Some(PgsBlock {
                        track_number: header.track_number,
                        timestamp: cue_time as i64,
                        data,
                    }));
                } else {
                    reader.skip(child_size.value)?;
                }
            }
            Ok(None)
        }
        _ => Ok(None),
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use std::io::Cursor;

    // --- Binary builder helpers ---

    /// Write an EBML element: ID (1-4 bytes depending on value) + VINT size + data.
    fn write_ebml_element(buf: &mut Vec<u8>, id: u32, data: &[u8]) {
        // Write element ID.
        if id <= 0xFF {
            buf.push(id as u8);
        } else if id <= 0xFFFF {
            buf.push((id >> 8) as u8);
            buf.push(id as u8);
        } else if id <= 0xFF_FFFF {
            buf.push((id >> 16) as u8);
            buf.push((id >> 8) as u8);
            buf.push(id as u8);
        } else {
            buf.push((id >> 24) as u8);
            buf.push((id >> 16) as u8);
            buf.push((id >> 8) as u8);
            buf.push(id as u8);
        }
        // Write VINT size (1-byte for sizes < 127, 2-byte otherwise).
        if data.len() < 127 {
            buf.push(0x80 | data.len() as u8);
        } else {
            let len = data.len() as u16;
            buf.push(0x40 | (len >> 8) as u8);
            buf.push(len as u8);
        }
        buf.extend_from_slice(data);
    }

    /// Build a SimpleBlock body: VINT track number + relative timestamp + flags + payload.
    fn build_simple_block_body(track: u8, relative_ts: i16, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut body = Vec::new();
        body.push(0x80 | track); // 1-byte VINT track number
        body.extend_from_slice(&relative_ts.to_be_bytes());
        body.push(0x80); // flags: keyframe
        body.extend_from_slice(payload);
        body
    }

    /// Build a PGS PCS segment in .sup format (13-byte header + 11-byte payload = 24 bytes).
    fn build_pgs_pcs(pts: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut seg = Vec::new();
        seg.extend_from_slice(&[0x50, 0x47]); // PG magic
        seg.extend_from_slice(&pts.to_be_bytes()); // PTS
        seg.extend_from_slice(&[0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]); // DTS = 0
        seg.push(0x16); // PCS type
        seg.extend_from_slice(&[0x00, 0x0B]); // payload size = 11
        seg.extend_from_slice(&[
            0x07, 0x80, // width: 1920
            0x04, 0x38, // height: 1080
            0x10, // frame rate
            0x00, 0x01, // composition number
            0x80, // composition state: Epoch Start
            0x00, // palette update: false
            0x00, // palette id
            0x00, // num composition objects: 0
        ]);
        seg
    }

    /// Build a PGS END segment in .sup format (13 bytes, no payload).
    fn build_pgs_end(pts: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut seg = Vec::new();
        seg.extend_from_slice(&[0x50, 0x47]); // PG magic
        seg.extend_from_slice(&pts.to_be_bytes()); // PTS
        seg.extend_from_slice(&[0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]); // DTS = 0
        seg.push(0x80); // END type
        seg.extend_from_slice(&[0x00, 0x00]); // payload size = 0
        seg
    }

    /// Build a synthetic Cluster's inner data (Timestamp + SimpleBlocks).
    fn build_multi_track_cluster() -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut data = Vec::new();

        // Timestamp element: value = 1000 (2 bytes big-endian)
        write_ebml_element(&mut data, ids::TIMESTAMP as u32, &1000u16.to_be_bytes());

        // Track 3: PGS PCS segment
        let pcs_3 = build_pgs_pcs(90000);
        let block_3_pcs = build_simple_block_body(3, 0, &pcs_3);
        write_ebml_element(&mut data, ids::SIMPLE_BLOCK as u32, &block_3_pcs);

        // Track 1: non-PGS data (video)
        let video = vec![0xAA; 50];
        let block_1 = build_simple_block_body(1, 0, &video);
        write_ebml_element(&mut data, ids::SIMPLE_BLOCK as u32, &block_1);

        // Track 5: PGS PCS segment
        let pcs_5 = build_pgs_pcs(90000);
        let block_5_pcs = build_simple_block_body(5, 0, &pcs_5);
        write_ebml_element(&mut data, ids::SIMPLE_BLOCK as u32, &block_5_pcs);

        // Track 3: PGS END segment
        let end_3 = build_pgs_end(90000);
        let block_3_end = build_simple_block_body(3, 10, &end_3);
        write_ebml_element(&mut data, ids::SIMPLE_BLOCK as u32, &block_3_end);

        // Track 5: PGS END segment
        let end_5 = build_pgs_end(90000);
        let block_5_end = build_simple_block_body(5, 10, &end_5);
        write_ebml_element(&mut data, ids::SIMPLE_BLOCK as u32, &block_5_end);

        data
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_multi_track_scan() {
        let data = build_multi_track_cluster();
        let data_len = data.len() as u64;
        let mut reader = SeekBufReader::new(Cursor::new(data));

        // Scan for tracks 3 and 5 — should get 4 blocks, skipping track 1.
        let blocks = scan_cluster_for_pgs(&mut reader, 0, data_len, &[3, 5]).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(blocks.len(), 4, "expected 4 PGS blocks (2 per track)");
        assert_eq!(blocks[0].track_number, 3);
        assert_eq!(blocks[1].track_number, 5);
        assert_eq!(blocks[2].track_number, 3);
        assert_eq!(blocks[3].track_number, 5);

        // Timestamps: cluster_ts(1000) + relative_ts
        assert_eq!(blocks[0].timestamp, 1000);
        assert_eq!(blocks[1].timestamp, 1000);
        assert_eq!(blocks[2].timestamp, 1010);
        assert_eq!(blocks[3].timestamp, 1010);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_multi_track_scan_single_track_filter() {
        let data = build_multi_track_cluster();
        let data_len = data.len() as u64;
        let mut reader = SeekBufReader::new(Cursor::new(data));

        // Scan for only track 5 — should get 2 blocks.
        let blocks = scan_cluster_for_pgs(&mut reader, 0, data_len, &[5]).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(blocks.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(blocks[0].track_number, 5);
        assert_eq!(blocks[1].track_number, 5);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_multi_track_scan_no_match() {
        let data = build_multi_track_cluster();
        let data_len = data.len() as u64;
        let mut reader = SeekBufReader::new(Cursor::new(data));

        // Scan for track 99 — should get 0 blocks.
        let blocks = scan_cluster_for_pgs(&mut reader, 0, data_len, &[99]).unwrap();
        assert!(blocks.is_empty());
    }
}