libp2prs-core 0.3.0

// Copyright 2018 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// Copyright 2020 Netwarps Ltd.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
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// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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//! Contains everything related to upgrading a connection to use a protocol.
//!
//! After a connection with a remote has been successfully established. The next step
//! is to *upgrade* this connection to use a protocol.
//!
//! This is where the `Upgrader` traits come into play.
//! The trait is implemented on types that represent a collection of one or more possible
//! protocols for respectively an ingoing or outgoing connection.
//!
//! > **Note**: Multiple versions of the same protocol are treated as different protocols.
//! >           For example, `/foo/1.0.0` and `/foo/1.1.0` are totally unrelated as far as
//! >           upgrading is concerned.
//!
//! # Upgrade process
//!
//! An upgrade is performed in two steps:
//!
//! - A protocol negotiation step. The `UpgradeInfo::protocol_info` method is called to determine
//!   which protocols are supported by the trait implementation. The `multistream-select` protocol
//!   is used in order to agree on which protocol to use amongst the ones supported.
//!
//! - A handshake. After a successful negotiation, the `Upgrader::upgrade_inbound` or
//!   `Upgrader::upgrade_outbound` method is called. This method will return a upgraded
//!   'Connection'. This handshake is considered mandatory, however in practice it is
//!   possible for the trait implementation to return a dummy `Connection` that doesn't perform any
//!   action and immediately succeeds.
//!
//! After an upgrade is successful, an object of type `Upgrader::Output` is returned.
//! The actual object depends on the implementation and there is no constraint on the traits that
//! it should implement, however it is expected that it can be used by the user to control the
//! behaviour of the protocol.
//!

use std::fmt;

use async_trait::async_trait;

use crate::transport::TransportError;

pub use self::{dummy::DummyUpgrader, select::Selector};
pub(crate) mod dummy;
pub(crate) mod multistream;
pub(crate) mod select;

/// Types serving as protocol names.
///
/// # Context
///
/// In situations where we provide a list of protocols that we support,
/// the elements of that list are required to implement the [`ProtocolName`] trait.
///
/// Libp2p will call [`ProtocolName::protocol_name`] on each element of that list, and transmit the
/// returned value on the network. If the remote accepts a given protocol, the element
/// serves as the return value of the function that performed the negotiation.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use libp2prs_core::upgrade::ProtocolName;
///
/// enum MyProtocolName {
///     Version1,
///     Version2,
///     Version3,
/// }
///
/// impl ProtocolName for MyProtocolName {
///     fn protocol_name(&self) -> &[u8] {
///         match *self {
///             MyProtocolName::Version1 => b"/myproto/1.0",
///             MyProtocolName::Version2 => b"/myproto/2.0",
///             MyProtocolName::Version3 => b"/myproto/3.0",
///         }
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
pub trait ProtocolName {
    /// The protocol name as bytes. Transmitted on the network.
    ///
    /// **Note:** Valid protocol names must start with `/` and
    /// not exceed 140 bytes in length.
    fn protocol_name(&self) -> &[u8];
}

impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> ProtocolName for T {
    fn protocol_name(&self) -> &[u8] {
        self.as_ref()
    }
}

/// A general new type implementation of ProtocolName trait.
///
/// It is used to simplify the usage of ProtocolName. Furthermore, it
/// provides more friendly Debug and Display, which can output a
/// readable string instead of an array [...]
#[derive(Clone, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct ProtocolId(&'static [u8]);

impl fmt::Debug for ProtocolId {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "ProtocolId({})", String::from_utf8_lossy(&self.0))
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for ProtocolId {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&self.0))
    }
}

// impl ProtocolName for ProtocolId {
//     fn protocol_name(&self) -> &[u8] {
//         self.0.as_ref()
//     }
// }

impl AsRef<[u8]> for ProtocolId {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        self.0
    }
}

// impl From<Bytes> for ProtocolId {
//     fn from(value: Bytes) -> Self {
//         ProtocolId(value)
//     }
// }

impl From<&'static [u8]> for ProtocolId {
    fn from(value: &'static [u8]) -> Self {
        ProtocolId(value)
    }
}

pub trait UpgradeInfo: Send {
    /// Opaque type representing a negotiable protocol.
    type Info: ProtocolName + Clone + Send + Sync + fmt::Debug;

    /// Returns the list of protocols that are supported. Used during the negotiation process.
    fn protocol_info(&self) -> Vec<Self::Info>;
}

/// Common trait for upgrades that can be applied on a connection.
#[async_trait]
pub trait Upgrader<C>: UpgradeInfo + Clone {
    /// Output after the upgrade has been successfully negotiated and the handshake performed.
    type Output: Send;

    /// After we have determined that the remote supports one of the protocols we support, this
    /// method is called to start the handshake.
    ///
    /// The `info` is the identifier of the protocol, as produced by `protocol_info`.
    async fn upgrade_inbound(self, socket: C, info: <Self as UpgradeInfo>::Info) -> Result<Self::Output, TransportError>;

    /// After we have determined that the remote supports one of the protocols we support, this
    /// method is called to start the handshake.
    ///
    /// The `info` is the identifier of the protocol, as produced by `protocol_info`.
    async fn upgrade_outbound(self, socket: C, info: <Self as UpgradeInfo>::Info) -> Result<Self::Output, TransportError>;
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn upgrade_info_multi_versions() {
        #[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Clone)]
        enum MyProtocolName {
            Version1,
            Version2,
            Version3,
        }

        impl ProtocolName for MyProtocolName {
            fn protocol_name(&self) -> &[u8] {
                match *self {
                    MyProtocolName::Version1 => b"/myproto/1.0",
                    MyProtocolName::Version2 => b"/myproto/2.0",
                    MyProtocolName::Version3 => b"/myproto/3.0",
                }
            }
        }

        struct P;

        impl UpgradeInfo for P {
            type Info = MyProtocolName;
            fn protocol_info(&self) -> Vec<Self::Info> {
                vec![MyProtocolName::Version1, MyProtocolName::Version2, MyProtocolName::Version3]
            }
        }

        let p = P {};

        assert_eq!(p.protocol_info().get(0).unwrap(), &MyProtocolName::Version1);
        assert_eq!(p.protocol_info().get(1).unwrap(), &MyProtocolName::Version2);
        assert_eq!(p.protocol_info().get(2).unwrap(), &MyProtocolName::Version3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn protocol_id() {
        let p = ProtocolId::from(b"protocol" as &[u8]);

        assert_eq!(p.to_string(), "protocol");
    }
}