libp2p-request-response 0.3.0

// Copyright 2020 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
//
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// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
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//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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//
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// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

//! Generic request/response protocols.
//!
//! ## General Usage
//!
//! [`RequestResponse`] is a `NetworkBehaviour` that implements a generic
//! request/response protocol or protocol family, whereby each request is
//! sent over a new substream on a connection. `RequestResponse` is generic
//! over the actual messages being sent, which are defined in terms of a
//! [`RequestResponseCodec`]. Creating a request/response protocol thus amounts
//! to providing an implementation of this trait which can then be
//! given to [`RequestResponse::new`]. Further configuration options are
//! available via the [`RequestResponseConfig`].
//!
//! Requests are sent using [`RequestResponse::send_request`] and the
//! responses received as [`RequestResponseMessage::Response`] via
//! [`RequestResponseEvent::Message`].
//!
//! Responses are sent using [`RequestResponse::send_response`] upon
//! receiving a [`RequestResponseMessage::Request`] via
//! [`RequestResponseEvent::Message`].
//!
//! ## Protocol Families
//!
//! A single [`RequestResponse`] instance can be used with an entire
//! protocol family that share the same request and response types.
//! For that purpose, [`RequestResponseCodec::Protocol`] is typically
//! instantiated with a sum type.
//!
//! ## One-Way Protocols
//!
//! The implementation supports one-way protocols that do not
//! have responses. In these cases the [`RequestResponseCodec::Response`] can
//! be defined as `()` and [`RequestResponseCodec::read_response`] as well as
//! [`RequestResponseCodec::write_response`] given the obvious implementations.
//! Note that `RequestResponseMessage::Response` will still be emitted,
//! immediately after the request has been sent, since `RequestResponseCodec::read_response`
//! will not actually read anything from the given I/O stream.
//! [`RequestResponse::send_response`] need not be called for one-way protocols,
//! i.e. the [`ResponseChannel`] may just be dropped.
//!
//! ## Limited Protocol Support
//!
//! It is possible to only support inbound or outbound requests for
//! a particular protocol. This is achieved by instantiating `RequestResponse`
//! with protocols using [`ProtocolSupport::Inbound`] or
//! [`ProtocolSupport::Outbound`]. Any subset of protocols of a protocol
//! family can be configured in this way. Such protocols will not be
//! advertised during inbound respectively outbound protocol negotiation
//! on the substreams.

pub mod codec;
pub mod handler;
pub mod throttled;

pub use codec::{RequestResponseCodec, ProtocolName};
pub use handler::ProtocolSupport;
pub use throttled::Throttled;

use futures::{
    channel::oneshot,
};
use handler::{
    RequestProtocol,
    RequestResponseHandler,
    RequestResponseHandlerEvent,
};
use libp2p_core::{
    ConnectedPoint,
    Multiaddr,
    PeerId,
    connection::ConnectionId,
};
use libp2p_swarm::{
    DialPeerCondition,
    NetworkBehaviour,
    NetworkBehaviourAction,
    NotifyHandler,
    PollParameters,
};
use smallvec::SmallVec;
use std::{
    collections::{VecDeque, HashMap},
    fmt,
    time::Duration,
    sync::{atomic::AtomicU64, Arc},
    task::{Context, Poll}
};

/// An inbound request or response.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum RequestResponseMessage<TRequest, TResponse, TChannelResponse = TResponse> {
    /// A request message.
    Request {
        /// The ID of this request.
        request_id: RequestId,
        /// The request message.
        request: TRequest,
        /// The sender of the request who is awaiting a response.
        ///
        /// See [`RequestResponse::send_response`].
        channel: ResponseChannel<TChannelResponse>,
    },
    /// A response message.
    Response {
        /// The ID of the request that produced this response.
        ///
        /// See [`RequestResponse::send_request`].
        request_id: RequestId,
        /// The response message.
        response: TResponse
    },
}

/// The events emitted by a [`RequestResponse`] protocol.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum RequestResponseEvent<TRequest, TResponse, TChannelResponse = TResponse> {
    /// An incoming message (request or response).
    Message {
        /// The peer who sent the message.
        peer: PeerId,
        /// The incoming message.
        message: RequestResponseMessage<TRequest, TResponse, TChannelResponse>
    },
    /// An outbound request failed.
    OutboundFailure {
        /// The peer to whom the request was sent.
        peer: PeerId,
        /// The (local) ID of the failed request.
        request_id: RequestId,
        /// The error that occurred.
        error: OutboundFailure,
    },
    /// An inbound request failed.
    InboundFailure {
        /// The peer from whom the request was received.
        peer: PeerId,
        /// The ID of the failed inbound request.
        request_id: RequestId,
        /// The error that occurred.
        error: InboundFailure,
    },
}

/// Possible failures occurring in the context of sending
/// an outbound request and receiving the response.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum OutboundFailure {
    /// The request could not be sent because a dialing attempt failed.
    DialFailure,
    /// The request timed out before a response was received.
    ///
    /// It is not known whether the request may have been
    /// received (and processed) by the remote peer.
    Timeout,
    /// The connection closed before a response was received.
    ///
    /// It is not known whether the request may have been
    /// received (and processed) by the remote peer.
    ConnectionClosed,
    /// The remote supports none of the requested protocols.
    UnsupportedProtocols,
}

/// Possible failures occurring in the context of receiving an
/// inbound request and sending a response.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum InboundFailure {
    /// The inbound request timed out, either while reading the
    /// incoming request or before a response is sent, i.e. if
    /// [`RequestResponse::send_response`] is not called in a
    /// timely manner.
    Timeout,
    /// The local peer supports none of the requested protocols.
    UnsupportedProtocols,
    /// The connection closed before a response was delivered.
    ConnectionClosed,
}

/// A channel for sending a response to an inbound request.
///
/// See [`RequestResponse::send_response`].
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ResponseChannel<TResponse> {
    request_id: RequestId,
    peer: PeerId,
    sender: oneshot::Sender<TResponse>,
}

impl<TResponse> ResponseChannel<TResponse> {
    /// Checks whether the response channel is still open, i.e.
    /// the `RequestResponse` behaviour is still waiting for a
    /// a response to be sent via [`RequestResponse::send_response`]
    /// and this response channel.
    ///
    /// If the response channel is no longer open then the inbound
    /// request timed out waiting for the response.
    pub fn is_open(&self) -> bool {
        !self.sender.is_canceled()
    }

    /// Get the ID of the inbound request waiting for a response.
    pub(crate) fn request_id(&self) -> RequestId {
        self.request_id
    }
}

/// The ID of an inbound or outbound request.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RequestId(u64);

impl fmt::Display for RequestId {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
    }
}

/// The configuration for a `RequestResponse` protocol.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct RequestResponseConfig {
    request_timeout: Duration,
    connection_keep_alive: Duration,
}

impl Default for RequestResponseConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            connection_keep_alive: Duration::from_secs(10),
            request_timeout: Duration::from_secs(10),
        }
    }
}

impl RequestResponseConfig {
    /// Sets the keep-alive timeout of idle connections.
    pub fn set_connection_keep_alive(&mut self, v: Duration) -> &mut Self {
        self.connection_keep_alive = v;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the timeout for inbound and outbound requests.
    pub fn set_request_timeout(&mut self, v: Duration) -> &mut Self {
        self.request_timeout = v;
        self
    }
}

/// A request/response protocol for some message codec.
pub struct RequestResponse<TCodec>
where
    TCodec: RequestResponseCodec,
{
    /// The supported inbound protocols.
    inbound_protocols: SmallVec<[TCodec::Protocol; 2]>,
    /// The supported outbound protocols.
    outbound_protocols: SmallVec<[TCodec::Protocol; 2]>,
    /// The next (local) request ID.
    next_request_id: RequestId,
    /// The next (inbound) request ID.
    next_inbound_id: Arc<AtomicU64>,
    /// The protocol configuration.
    config: RequestResponseConfig,
    /// The protocol codec for reading and writing requests and responses.
    codec: TCodec,
    /// Pending events to return from `poll`.
    pending_events: VecDeque<
        NetworkBehaviourAction<
            RequestProtocol<TCodec>,
            RequestResponseEvent<TCodec::Request, TCodec::Response>>>,
    /// The currently connected peers and their known, reachable addresses, if any.
    connected: HashMap<PeerId, SmallVec<[Connection; 2]>>,
    /// Externally managed addresses via `add_address` and `remove_address`.
    addresses: HashMap<PeerId, SmallVec<[Multiaddr; 6]>>,
    /// Requests that have not yet been sent and are waiting for a connection
    /// to be established.
    pending_requests: HashMap<PeerId, SmallVec<[RequestProtocol<TCodec>; 10]>>,
    /// Responses that have not yet been received.
    pending_responses: HashMap<RequestId, (PeerId, ConnectionId)>
}

impl<TCodec> RequestResponse<TCodec>
where
    TCodec: RequestResponseCodec + Clone,
{
    /// Creates a new `RequestResponse` behaviour for the given
    /// protocols, codec and configuration.
    pub fn new<I>(codec: TCodec, protocols: I, cfg: RequestResponseConfig) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = (TCodec::Protocol, ProtocolSupport)>
    {
        let mut inbound_protocols = SmallVec::new();
        let mut outbound_protocols = SmallVec::new();
        for (p, s) in protocols {
            if s.inbound() {
                inbound_protocols.push(p.clone());
            }
            if s.outbound() {
                outbound_protocols.push(p.clone());
            }
        }
        RequestResponse {
            inbound_protocols,
            outbound_protocols,
            next_request_id: RequestId(1),
            next_inbound_id: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(1)),
            config: cfg,
            codec,
            pending_events: VecDeque::new(),
            connected: HashMap::new(),
            pending_requests: HashMap::new(),
            pending_responses: HashMap::new(),
            addresses: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a `RequestResponse` which limits requests per peer.
    ///
    /// The behaviour is wrapped in [`Throttled`] and detects the limits
    /// per peer at runtime which are then enforced.
    pub fn throttled<I>(c: TCodec, protos: I, cfg: RequestResponseConfig) -> Throttled<TCodec>
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = (TCodec::Protocol, ProtocolSupport)>,
        TCodec: Send,
        TCodec::Protocol: Sync
    {
        Throttled::new(c, protos, cfg)
    }

    /// Initiates sending a request.
    ///
    /// If the targeted peer is currently not connected, a dialing
    /// attempt is initiated and the request is sent as soon as a
    /// connection is established.
    ///
    /// > **Note**: In order for such a dialing attempt to succeed,
    /// > the `RequestResonse` protocol must either be embedded
    /// > in another `NetworkBehaviour` that provides peer and
    /// > address discovery, or known addresses of peers must be
    /// > managed via [`RequestResponse::add_address`] and
    /// > [`RequestResponse::remove_address`].
    pub fn send_request(&mut self, peer: &PeerId, request: TCodec::Request) -> RequestId {
        let request_id = self.next_request_id();
        let request = RequestProtocol {
            request_id,
            codec: self.codec.clone(),
            protocols: self.outbound_protocols.clone(),
            request,
        };

        if let Some(request) = self.try_send_request(peer, request) {
            self.pending_events.push_back(NetworkBehaviourAction::DialPeer {
                peer_id: peer.clone(),
                condition: DialPeerCondition::Disconnected,
            });
            self.pending_requests.entry(peer.clone()).or_default().push(request);
        }

        request_id
    }

    /// Initiates sending a response to an inbound request.
    ///
    /// If the `ResponseChannel` is already closed due to a timeout,
    /// the response is discarded and eventually [`RequestResponseEvent::InboundFailure`]
    /// is emitted by `RequestResponse::poll`.
    ///
    /// The provided `ResponseChannel` is obtained from a
    /// [`RequestResponseMessage::Request`].
    pub fn send_response(&mut self, ch: ResponseChannel<TCodec::Response>, rs: TCodec::Response) {
        // Fails only if the inbound upgrade timed out waiting for the response,
        // in which case the handler emits `RequestResponseHandlerEvent::InboundTimeout`
        // which in turn results in `RequestResponseEvent::InboundFailure`.
        let _ = ch.sender.send(rs);
    }

    /// Adds a known address for a peer that can be used for
    /// dialing attempts by the `Swarm`, i.e. is returned
    /// by [`NetworkBehaviour::addresses_of_peer`].
    ///
    /// Addresses added in this way are only removed by `remove_address`.
    pub fn add_address(&mut self, peer: &PeerId, address: Multiaddr) {
        self.addresses.entry(peer.clone()).or_default().push(address);
    }

    /// Removes an address of a peer previously added via `add_address`.
    pub fn remove_address(&mut self, peer: &PeerId, address: &Multiaddr) {
        let mut last = false;
        if let Some(addresses) = self.addresses.get_mut(peer) {
            addresses.retain(|a| a != address);
            last = addresses.is_empty();
        }
        if last {
            self.addresses.remove(peer);
        }
    }

    /// Checks whether a peer is currently connected.
    pub fn is_connected(&self, peer: &PeerId) -> bool {
        if let Some(connections) = self.connected.get(peer) {
            !connections.is_empty()
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

    /// Checks whether an outbound request initiated by
    /// [`RequestResponse::send_request`] is still pending, i.e. waiting
    /// for a response.
    pub fn is_pending_outbound(&self, req_id: &RequestId) -> bool {
        self.pending_responses.contains_key(req_id)
    }

    /// Returns the next request ID.
    fn next_request_id(&mut self) -> RequestId {
        let request_id = self.next_request_id;
        self.next_request_id.0 += 1;
        request_id
    }

    /// Tries to send a request by queueing an appropriate event to be
    /// emitted to the `Swarm`. If the peer is not currently connected,
    /// the given request is return unchanged.
    fn try_send_request(&mut self, peer: &PeerId, request: RequestProtocol<TCodec>)
        -> Option<RequestProtocol<TCodec>>
    {
        if let Some(connections) = self.connected.get(peer) {
            if connections.is_empty() {
                return Some(request)
            }
            let ix = (request.request_id.0 as usize) % connections.len();
            let conn = connections[ix].id;
            self.pending_responses.insert(request.request_id, (peer.clone(), conn));
            self.pending_events.push_back(NetworkBehaviourAction::NotifyHandler {
                peer_id: peer.clone(),
                handler: NotifyHandler::One(conn),
                event: request
            });
            None
        } else {
            Some(request)
        }
    }
}

impl<TCodec> NetworkBehaviour for RequestResponse<TCodec>
where
    TCodec: RequestResponseCodec + Send + Clone + 'static,
{
    type ProtocolsHandler = RequestResponseHandler<TCodec>;
    type OutEvent = RequestResponseEvent<TCodec::Request, TCodec::Response>;

    fn new_handler(&mut self) -> Self::ProtocolsHandler {
        RequestResponseHandler::new(
            self.inbound_protocols.clone(),
            self.codec.clone(),
            self.config.connection_keep_alive,
            self.config.request_timeout,
            self.next_inbound_id.clone()
        )
    }

    fn addresses_of_peer(&mut self, peer: &PeerId) -> Vec<Multiaddr> {
        let mut addresses = Vec::new();
        if let Some(connections) = self.connected.get(peer) {
            addresses.extend(connections.iter().filter_map(|c| c.address.clone()))
        }
        if let Some(more) = self.addresses.get(peer) {
            addresses.extend(more.into_iter().cloned());
        }
        addresses
    }

    fn inject_connected(&mut self, peer: &PeerId) {
        if let Some(pending) = self.pending_requests.remove(peer) {
            for request in pending {
                let request = self.try_send_request(peer, request);
                assert!(request.is_none());
            }
        }
    }

    fn inject_connection_established(&mut self, peer: &PeerId, conn: &ConnectionId, endpoint: &ConnectedPoint) {
        let address = match endpoint {
            ConnectedPoint::Dialer { address } => Some(address.clone()),
            ConnectedPoint::Listener { .. } => None
        };
        let connections = self.connected.entry(peer.clone()).or_default();
        connections.push(Connection { id: *conn, address })
    }

    fn inject_connection_closed(&mut self, peer: &PeerId, conn: &ConnectionId, _: &ConnectedPoint) {
        if let Some(connections) = self.connected.get_mut(peer) {
            if let Some(pos) = connections.iter().position(|c| &c.id == conn) {
                connections.remove(pos);
            }
        }

        let pending_events = &mut self.pending_events;

        // Any pending responses of requests sent over this connection must be considered failed.
        self.pending_responses.retain(|rid, (peer, cid)| {
            if conn != cid {
                return true
            }
            pending_events.push_back(NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(
                RequestResponseEvent::OutboundFailure {
                    peer: peer.clone(),
                    request_id: *rid,
                    error: OutboundFailure::ConnectionClosed
                }
            ));
            false
        });
    }

    fn inject_disconnected(&mut self, peer: &PeerId) {
        self.connected.remove(peer);
    }

    fn inject_dial_failure(&mut self, peer: &PeerId) {
        // If there are pending outgoing requests when a dial failure occurs,
        // it is implied that we are not connected to the peer, since pending
        // outgoing requests are drained when a connection is established and
        // only created when a peer is not connected when a request is made.
        // Thus these requests must be considered failed, even if there is
        // another, concurrent dialing attempt ongoing.
        if let Some(pending) = self.pending_requests.remove(peer) {
            for request in pending {
                self.pending_events.push_back(NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(
                    RequestResponseEvent::OutboundFailure {
                        peer: peer.clone(),
                        request_id: request.request_id,
                        error: OutboundFailure::DialFailure
                    }
                ));
            }
        }
    }

    fn inject_event(
        &mut self,
        peer: PeerId,
        _: ConnectionId,
        event: RequestResponseHandlerEvent<TCodec>,
    ) {
        match event {
            RequestResponseHandlerEvent::Response { request_id, response } => {
                self.pending_responses.remove(&request_id);
                let message = RequestResponseMessage::Response { request_id, response };
                self.pending_events.push_back(
                    NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(
                        RequestResponseEvent::Message { peer, message }));
            }
            RequestResponseHandlerEvent::Request { request_id, request, sender } => {
                let channel = ResponseChannel { request_id, peer: peer.clone(), sender };
                let message = RequestResponseMessage::Request { request_id, request, channel };
                self.pending_events.push_back(NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(
                    RequestResponseEvent::Message { peer, message }
                ));
            }
            RequestResponseHandlerEvent::OutboundTimeout(request_id) => {
                if let Some((peer, _conn)) = self.pending_responses.remove(&request_id) {
                    self.pending_events.push_back(
                        NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(
                            RequestResponseEvent::OutboundFailure {
                                peer,
                                request_id,
                                error: OutboundFailure::Timeout,
                            }));
                }
            }
            RequestResponseHandlerEvent::InboundTimeout(request_id) => {
                self.pending_events.push_back(
                    NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(
                        RequestResponseEvent::InboundFailure {
                            peer,
                            request_id,
                            error: InboundFailure::Timeout,
                        }));
            }
            RequestResponseHandlerEvent::OutboundUnsupportedProtocols(request_id) => {
                self.pending_events.push_back(
                    NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(
                        RequestResponseEvent::OutboundFailure {
                            peer,
                            request_id,
                            error: OutboundFailure::UnsupportedProtocols,
                        }));
            }
            RequestResponseHandlerEvent::InboundUnsupportedProtocols(request_id) => {
                self.pending_events.push_back(
                    NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(
                        RequestResponseEvent::InboundFailure {
                            peer,
                            request_id,
                            error: InboundFailure::UnsupportedProtocols,
                        }));
            }
        }
    }

    fn poll(&mut self, _: &mut Context<'_>, _: &mut impl PollParameters)
        -> Poll<NetworkBehaviourAction<
            RequestProtocol<TCodec>,
            RequestResponseEvent<TCodec::Request, TCodec::Response>
        >>
    {
        if let Some(ev) = self.pending_events.pop_front() {
            return Poll::Ready(ev);
        } else if self.pending_events.capacity() > EMPTY_QUEUE_SHRINK_THRESHOLD {
            self.pending_events.shrink_to_fit();
        }

        Poll::Pending
    }
}

/// Internal threshold for when to shrink the capacity
/// of empty queues. If the capacity of an empty queue
/// exceeds this threshold, the associated memory is
/// released.
const EMPTY_QUEUE_SHRINK_THRESHOLD: usize = 100;

/// Internal information tracked for an established connection.
struct Connection {
    id: ConnectionId,
    address: Option<Multiaddr>,
}