// Malay/Indonesian Base Phonetic Rules
// =====================================
// Phonetic rules for Malay and Indonesian (Bahasa Melayu/Bahasa Indonesia).
// Spoken by approximately 290 million people in Malaysia, Indonesia,
// Singapore, Brunei, and parts of Thailand and Philippines.
//
// Malay/Indonesian features:
// - Austronesian language family
// - Simple phonology with 6 vowels: /a/, /i/, /u/, /o/, /e/, /ə/
// - No lexical tones
// - Prenasalized stops in native words (not reflected in orthography)
// - Glottal stop at end of words ending in 'k'
// - Two allophones of 'e': schwa [ə] and [e]
// - Digraphs: ng [ŋ], ny [ɲ], sy [ʃ], kh [x], gh [ɣ]
//
// Orthography:
// - c for /tʃ/, j for /dʒ/
// - ng for velar nasal /ŋ/
// - ny for palatal nasal /ɲ/
// - sy for /ʃ/ (Arabic loanwords)
// - kh for /x/, gh for /ɣ/ (Arabic loanwords)
// - Final k often realized as glottal stop [ʔ]
//
// Rule IDs: 10000-10099
@name "Malay/Indonesian Phonetic Rules"
@version "1.0.0"
@author "liblevenshtein"
@description "Phonetic normalization rules for Malay and Indonesian"
// ============================================================
// VOWELS (weight 0.05)
// ============================================================
// 'e' in Malay has two pronunciations: schwa [ə] and [e]
// Default to schwa, specific words use [e]
[id: 10004, name: "e pepet schwa", weight: 0.05, group: malay_vowels, ipa: "/ə/"]
e -> ə;
// é with acute accent explicitly marks [e]
[id: 10005, name: "e taling", weight: 0.05, group: malay_vowels, ipa: "/e/"]
é -> e;
// ============================================================
// STOPS (weight 0.05)
// ============================================================
[id: 10020, name: "g", weight: 0.05, group: malay_stops, ipa: "/ɡ/"]
g -> ɡ;
// Glottal stop (written as ' or sometimes final k)
[id: 10021, name: "glottal stop", weight: 0.05, group: malay_stops, ipa: "/ʔ/"]
' -> ʔ;
// ============================================================
// AFFRICATES (weight 0.05)
// ============================================================
[id: 10025, name: "c voiceless palatal", weight: 0.05, group: malay_affricates, ipa: "/t͡ʃ/"]
c -> t͡ʃ;
[id: 10026, name: "j voiced palatal", weight: 0.05, group: malay_affricates, ipa: "/d͡ʒ/"]
j -> d͡ʒ;
// ============================================================
// FRICATIVES (weight 0.05)
// ============================================================
[id: 10034, name: "sy postalveolar", weight: 0.05, group: malay_fricatives, ipa: "/ʃ/"]
sy -> ʃ;
// Arabic loanword fricatives
[id: 10036, name: "kh velar", weight: 0.05, group: malay_arabic, ipa: "/x/"]
kh -> x;
[id: 10037, name: "gh voiced velar", weight: 0.05, group: malay_arabic, ipa: "/ɣ/"]
gh -> ɣ;
// ============================================================
// NASALS (weight 0.05)
// ============================================================
[id: 10042, name: "ng velar nasal", weight: 0.05, group: malay_nasals, ipa: "/ŋ/"]
ng -> ŋ;
[id: 10043, name: "ny palatal nasal", weight: 0.05, group: malay_nasals, ipa: "/ɲ/"]
ny -> ɲ;
// ============================================================
// APPROXIMANTS (weight 0.05)
// ============================================================
[id: 10048, name: "y", weight: 0.05, group: malay_approximants, ipa: "/j/"]
y -> j;
// ============================================================
// COMMON WORDS (weight 0.02)
// ============================================================
[id: 10061, name: "melayu malay", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
melayu -> məlaju;
[id: 10062, name: "indonesia", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
indonesia -> indonəsia;
[id: 10063, name: "selamat greeting", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
selamat -> səlamat;
[id: 10064, name: "terima kasih thank you", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
terima kasih -> tərima kasih;
[id: 10066, name: "tidak no", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
tidak -> tidaʔ;
[id: 10067, name: "ya yes", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
ya -> ja;
[id: 10068, name: "saya I me", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
saya -> saja;
[id: 10073, name: "orang person", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
orang -> oraŋ;
[id: 10074, name: "anak child", weight: 0.02, group: malay_common]
anak -> anaʔ;