leo-passes 3.3.0

// Copyright (C) 2019-2025 Provable Inc.
// This file is part of the Leo library.

// The Leo library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// The Leo library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! Performs lowering of `optional` types (`T?`) and `optional` expressions within a `ProgramScope`.
//!
//! This pass rewrites all `optional` types into explicit struct representations with two fields:
//! - `is_some: bool` — indicating whether the value is present,
//! - `val: T` — holding the underlying value (or the "zero" value of `T` when `is_some` is `false`).
//!
//! All literals, variables, function parameters, and return values involving `optional` types are
//! transformed into this struct representation. Nested structures (e.g., arrays, tuples, or user-defined
//! structs containing `optional` types) are lowered recursively.
//!
//! ### Example
//!
//! ```leo
//! let x: u8? = 42u8;
//! ```
//!
//! is lowered to:
//!
//! ```leo
//! let x: "u8?" = "u8?" { is_some: true, val: 42u8 };
//! ```
//!
//! When a value is `none`, the `is_some` field is set to `false` and `val` is initialized
//! with the zero value of the underlying type (`0u8`, `false`, `0field`, etc.).
//!
//! ### Recursive Lowering Example
//!
//! ```leo
//! let arr: [u64?; 2] = [1u64, none];
//! ```
//!
//! is lowered to:
//!
//! ```leo
//! let arr: ["u64?"; 2] = [
//!     "u64?" { is_some: true, val: 1u64 },
//!     "u64?" { is_some: false, val: 0u64 },
//! ];
//! ```
//!
//! After this pass, no `T?` types remain in the program: all optional values are represented explicitly
//! as structs with `is_some` and `val` fields.

use crate::{Pass, PathResolution, SymbolTable, SymbolTableCreation, TypeChecking, TypeCheckingInput};

use leo_ast::{ArrayType, CompositeType, ProgramReconstructor as _, Type};
use leo_errors::Result;
use leo_span::Symbol;

use indexmap::IndexMap;
use itertools::Itertools;

mod ast;

mod program;

mod visitor;
use visitor::*;

pub struct OptionLowering;

impl Pass for OptionLowering {
    type Input = TypeCheckingInput;
    type Output = ();

    const NAME: &str = "OptionLowering";

    fn do_pass(input: TypeCheckingInput, state: &mut crate::CompilerState) -> Result<Self::Output> {
        let mut ast = std::mem::take(&mut state.ast);
        let mut visitor = OptionLoweringVisitor {
            state,
            program: Symbol::intern(""),
            module: vec![],
            function: None,
            new_structs: IndexMap::new(),
            reconstructed_structs: IndexMap::new(),
        };
        ast.ast = visitor.reconstruct_program(ast.ast);
        visitor.state.handler.last_err()?;
        visitor.state.ast = ast;

        // We need to recreate the symbol table and run type checking again because this pass may introduce new structs
        // and modify existing ones.
        visitor.state.symbol_table = SymbolTable::default();
        PathResolution::do_pass((), state)?;
        SymbolTableCreation::do_pass((), state)?;
        TypeChecking::do_pass(input.clone(), state)?;

        Ok(())
    }
}

pub fn make_optional_struct_symbol(ty: &Type) -> Symbol {
    // Step 1: Extract a usable type name
    fn display_type(ty: &Type) -> String {
        match ty {
            Type::Address
            | Type::Field
            | Type::Group
            | Type::Scalar
            | Type::Signature
            | Type::Boolean
            | Type::Integer(..) => format!("{ty}"),
            Type::Array(ArrayType { element_type, length }) => {
                format!("[{}; {length}]", display_type(element_type))
            }
            Type::Composite(CompositeType { path, .. }) => {
                format!("::{}", path.absolute_path().iter().format("::"))
            }

            Type::Tuple(_)
            | Type::Optional(_)
            | Type::Mapping(_)
            | Type::Numeric
            | Type::Identifier(_)
            | Type::Future(_)
            | Type::Vector(_)
            | Type::String
            | Type::Err
            | Type::Unit => {
                panic!("unexpected inner type in optional struct name")
            }
        }
    }

    // Step 3: Build symbol that ends with `?`.
    Symbol::intern(&format!("\"{}?\"", display_type(ty)))
}