latch-lang 0.4.3

Why Latch?

Latch is built to replace shell scripts and Makefiles for your automation tasks. It provides:

• Zero dependencies — Single binary, instant startup
• Clear syntax — Readable even for non-programmers
• Built-in power — File I/O, processes, HTTP, JSON, regex, parallel tasks
• Error handling — Try-catch, fallback values, defensive coalescing
• Type safety — Optional type annotations, caught at parse-time

Write automation scripts faster

# Deploy app to production
deploy := fn(target) {
    config := json.parse(fs.read("config.json")) or {}
    
    files := fs.glob("dist/**/*")
    parallel f in files workers=8 {
        proc.exec("cp ${f} /opt/app/${f}")
    }
    
    print("✓ Deployed ${len(files)} files to ${target}")
}

deploy("production")

Install

With Cargo (recommended)

cargo install latch-lang

Then use the latch command:

latch version   # Show version
latch run script.lt  # Execute script

From Source

git clone https://github.com/kaelvalen/latch-lang.git
cd latch-lang
cargo install --path .

Verify Installation

$ latch version
latch v0.4.3

Quick Start — Your First Script

Create greet.lt:

name := "Latch"
version := 0.4

# String interpolation
print("Welcome to ${name} v${version}!")

# List iteration
features := ["automation", "scripting", "orchestration"]
for feature in features {
    print("  • ${feature}")
}

# File operations
fs.write("log.txt", "Script ran at ${time.now()}")

# Process execution
result := proc.exec("echo Done!")
print(result.stdout)

Run it:

$ latch run greet.lt
Welcome to Latch v0.4!
  • automation
  • scripting
  • orchestration
Script ran at 2026-04-02 12:10:30
Done!

Language Features at a Glance

Common Tasks

Read and Process a File

# Read JSON config
config := json.parse(fs.read("config.json")) or {"port": 8080}

# Search for patterns
lines := fs.read("data.txt") |> split("\n")
errors := filter(lines, fn(l) { return contains(l, "ERROR") })

print("Found ${len(errors)} errors")
for error in errors {
    print("  → ${error}")
}

Run Shell Commands and Process Output

# Execute git command
result := proc.exec("git log --oneline -5")
commits := split(trim(result.stdout), "\n")

print("Latest 5 commits:")
for commit in commits {
    print("  ${commit}")
}

Make HTTP Requests

# Fetch JSON from API
response := http.get("https://api.example.com/data")
if response.status == 200 {
    data := json.parse(response.body) or {}
    print("API Response: ${data}")
} else {
    print("Error: HTTP ${response.status}")
}

Parallel File Processing

# Process many files in parallel with 4 workers
files := fs.glob("logs/*.txt")
results := []

parallel file in files workers=4 {
    content := fs.read(file)
    fs.write("${file}.processed", upper(content))
}

print("✓ Processed ${len(files)} files")

Run Checks with Error Handling

# CI-style checks with try-catch
failed := false

try {
    # Check 1: Required files exist
    assert(fs.exists("Cargo.toml"), "Missing Cargo.toml")
    
    # Check 2: Tests pass
    result := proc.exec("cargo test")
    assert(result.exit_code == 0, "Tests failed")
    
    print("✓ All checks passed!")
} catch e {
    print("✗ Check failed: ${e}")
    failed = true
} finally {
    print("Cleanup...")
}

if failed {
    stop 1
}

Documentation

• Complete Stdlib Reference — All built-in functions and modules
• Examples — Real-world scripts showcasing features
• GitHub Issues — Questions & bug reports

Examples Included

• hello.lt — Feature overview with print, math, loops, file I/O
• ci-check.lt — Run tests and verify required files
• fetch-data.lt — HTTP requests and JSON parsing
• parallel-tasks.lt — Pool-based parallel execution | While loops | while condition { ... } | | Break/Continue | break, continue | | Constants | const PI = 3.14 | | Generators/Yield | yield value | | List comprehension | [x*2 for x in list if x > 0] | | Default args | fn greet(name = "World") | | Class/OOP | class Point { x: int } | | Export/Import | export { foo }, import { foo } from "module" | | Safe access | resp?.headers, val?.field | | Pipe operator | list \|> sort() \|> filter(fn(x) { return x > 2 }) | | Membership test | "x" in list, "key" in dict | | Range literal | 1..10 → [1, 2, ..., 9] | | Compound assign | count += 1, total *= 2 | | Modulo | 10 % 3 → 1 | | Exit codes | stop 0 / stop 1 | | Null literal | x := null, x == null | | File I/O | fs.read, fs.write, fs.append, fs.readlines, fs.exists, fs.glob, fs.mkdir, fs.remove, fs.stat | | Shell commands | proc.exec("cmd"), proc.exec(["git", "status"]), proc.pipe([...]) | | HTTP | http.get(url), http.post(url, body) → HttpResponse | | JSON | json.parse(str), json.stringify(value) | | Env vars | env.get(key), env.set(k, v), env.list() | | Path utils | path.join, path.basename, path.dirname, path.ext, path.abs | | Time | time.now(), time.sleep(ms) | | AI | ai.ask(prompt), ai.summarize(text) | | Index mutation | list[0] = 5, dict["key"] = val | | Higher-order | sort(list), filter(list, fn), map(list, fn), each(list, fn) | | String utils | lower, upper, starts_with, ends_with, trim, split, replace | | Comments | # hash and // line comments | | REPL | latch repl |

CLI

latch run <file.lt>      # Run a script
latch check <file.lt>    # Static analysis (no execution)
latch repl               # Interactive REPL
latch version            # Print version

Operators

Compound: += -= *= /= %=

Standard Library

Built-in Functions

print("hello")              # Print to stdout
len([1, 2, 3])              # → 3
str(42)                     # → "42"
int("7")                    # → 7
float("3.14")               # → 3.14
typeof(x)                   # → "string"
push([1, 2], 3)             # → [1, 2, 3]
keys({"a": 1})              # → ["a"]
values({"a": 1})            # → [1]
range(0, 5)                 # → [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
split("a,b,c", ",")         # → ["a", "b", "c"]
trim("  hi  ")              # → "hi"
lower("HELLO")              # → "hello"
upper("hello")              # → "HELLO"
starts_with("hello", "he")  # → true
ends_with("hello", "lo")    # → true
contains("hello", "ell")    # → true
replace("foo", "o", "0")    # → "f00"
sort([3, 1, 2])             # → [1, 2, 3]
filter(list, fn(x) { return x > 0 })
map(list, fn(x) { return x * 2 })
each(list, fn(x) { print(x) })

Modules

# fs — File System
content := fs.read("file.txt")
fs.write("out.txt", content)
fs.append("log.txt", "new entry\n")
lines := fs.readlines("data.csv")
fs.exists("path")
files := fs.glob("**/*.lt")
fs.mkdir("build/output")
fs.remove("tmp/cache")
info := fs.stat("file.txt")     # → {size, is_file, is_dir, readonly}

# proc — Processes
result := proc.exec("ls -la")
result := proc.exec(["git", "status"])   # array form (no shell)
piped := proc.pipe(["cat log.txt", "grep ERROR", "wc -l"])

# http — HTTP Client (returns HttpResponse)
resp := http.get("https://api.example.com/data")
print(resp.status)     # 200
print(resp.body)       # response body
print(resp.headers)    # headers dict

resp := http.post("https://api.example.com", "{\"key\": \"value\"}")

# json — JSON
data := json.parse("{\"name\": \"latch\"}")
back := json.stringify(data)

# env — Environment Variables
home := env.get("HOME") or "/tmp"
env.set("MODE", "production")   # current process only
all := env.list()

# path — Path Utilities
full := path.join("/home", "user/file.txt")
print(path.basename("/a/b/c.txt"))   # → c.txt
print(path.dirname("/a/b/c.txt"))    # → /a/b
print(path.ext("file.tar.gz"))       # → gz

# time — Time
now := time.now()           # RFC 3339 timestamp
time.sleep(500)             # Sleep 500ms

# ai — AI (requires LATCH_AI_KEY env var)
answer := ai.ask("Explain Rust in one sentence")
summary := ai.summarize(fs.read("article.txt"))

Error Messages

Latch produces structured, actionable errors:

[latch] Semantic Error
  file: deploy.lt
  line: 12  col: 5
  → result := undeclared_var + 1
  reason: Undefined variable 'undeclared_var'
  hint: Declare the variable first with ':='

Parallel Execution

Parallel blocks run all workers to completion. If any worker fails, the first error is returned after every worker has finished — no silent partial failures.

servers := ["web-1", "web-2", "web-3", "web-4"]
parallel s in servers workers=4 {
    proc.exec("ssh ${s} 'systemctl restart app'")
}

Use as CI Exit Code

result := proc.exec("cargo test")
if result.code != 0 {
    print("Tests failed!")
    stop 1
}
stop 0

Examples

See the examples/ directory:

• hello.lt — Feature showcase
• ci-check.lt — CI gate example
• v02_test.lt — v0.4.3 feature tests

Full Reference

See docs/stdlib.md for the complete standard library reference.

License

MIT — see LICENSE