lambda-runtime-types 0.6.13

//! This crate provides types and traits to simplify
//! the creation of lambda functions in rust. It
//! provides Event and Return types and specific
//! Runners for various lambda types.
//!
//! # Basic Lambda with no shared data
//!
//! Creating a normal lambda is very easy. First create a type which implements [`Runner`] and
//! then use it either in the [`exec`] or [`exec_tokio`] function:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! struct Runner;
//!
//! #[async_trait::async_trait]
//! impl<'a> lambda_runtime_types::Runner<'a, (), (), ()> for Runner {
//!     async fn run(shared: &'a (), event: lambda_runtime_types::LambdaEvent<'a, ()>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
//!         // Run code on every invocation
//!         Ok(())
//!     }
//!
//!     async fn setup(_region: &'a str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
//!         // Setup logging to make sure that errors are printed
//!         Ok(())
//!     }
//! }
//!
//! pub fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
//!     lambda_runtime_types::exec_tokio::<_, _, Runner, _>()
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! # Available lambda types
//!
//! There are various modules which predefined Event and Return types and Runner traits
//! specialised for differnet lambda usages. Check out the modules for examples or their
//! usage.
//!
//! * [`rotate`]
//!
//! # Custom Event and Return types
//!
//! If the predefined types are not enough, custom types can be used as long as types for
//! events implement [`serde::Deserialize`] and return types implement [`serde::Serialize`].
//!
//! ```no_run
//! #[derive(serde::Deserialize, Debug)]
//! struct Event {
//!     #[serde(flatten)]
//!     attributes: std::collections::HashMap<String, serde_json::Value>,
//! }
//!
//! #[derive(serde::Serialize, Debug)]
//! struct Return {
//!     data: std::borrow::Cow<'static, str>,
//! }
//!
//! struct Runner;
//!
//! #[async_trait::async_trait]
//! impl<'a> lambda_runtime_types::Runner<'a, (), Event, Return> for Runner {
//!     async fn run(shared: &'a (), event: lambda_runtime_types::LambdaEvent<'a, Event>) -> anyhow::Result<Return> {
//!         println!("{:?}", event);
//!         Ok(Return {
//!             data: event
//!                 .event
//!                 .attributes
//!                 .get("test")
//!                 .and_then(|a| a.as_str())
//!                 .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
//!                 .map(Into::into)
//!                 .unwrap_or_else(|| "none".into()),
//!         })
//!     }
//!
//!     async fn setup(_region: &'a str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
//!         // Setup logging to make sure that errors are printed
//!         Ok(())
//!     }
//! }
//!
//! pub fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
//!     lambda_runtime_types::exec_tokio::<_, _, Runner, _>()
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! # Shared Data
//!
//! With AWS Lambda, its possible to share data between invocations, as long as both
//! invocations use the same runtime environment. To use this functinality, its possible
//! to define a shared data type which will persist data by using Interior Mutability:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! #[derive(Default)]
//! struct Shared  {
//!     invocations: tokio::sync::Mutex<u64>,
//! }
//!
//! struct Runner;
//!
//! #[async_trait::async_trait]
//! impl<'a> lambda_runtime_types::Runner<'a, Shared, (), ()> for Runner {
//!     async fn run(shared: &'a Shared, event: lambda_runtime_types::LambdaEvent<'a, ()>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
//!         let mut invocations = shared.invocations.lock().await;
//!         *invocations += 1;
//!         Ok(())
//!     }
//!
//!     async fn setup(_region: &'a str) -> anyhow::Result<Shared> {
//!         // Setup logging to make sure that errors are printed
//!         Ok(Shared::default())
//!     }
//! }
//!
//! pub fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
//!     lambda_runtime_types::exec_tokio::<_, _, Runner, _>()
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Its important to know, that lambda execution evironments never run multiple invocations
//! simultaneously. Its therefore possible to keep the mutex unlocked for the whole invocation
//! as it will never block other invocations. Instead it is even recommended to do so, to
//! make sure that there are no unnessary things slowing down lambda execution time.
//!
//! # Timeout handling
//!
//! This crate implements a timeout handling logic. Normally, if a lambda runs into a timeout,
//! it will not create an error, which then does not get propagated by `on_error` destinations.
//!
//! To fix that, a timeout handler is setup, which will "fail" 100 miliseconds before the lambda
//! would run into a timeout, creating an error which then is propagated. There is, however, no
//! gurantee that this handler will fail in time. It will only work, when there are multiple
//! tokio threads or when the main lambda code is currently awaiting, giving tokio the chance
//! to switch tasks (or run them in parallel) and fail the execution.
//!
//! # Memory exhaustion
//!
//! Another thing to consider when running lambdas is memory exhaustion. Unfortunatly it is not
//! possible in rust to check the current memory usage. Therefore it is also not possible to
//! fail before running into OOF. When running lambdas, it may be necessary to setup checks to
//! verify that a lambda completed successfully, and did not run into OOF, as these errors also
//! do not get propagated to `on_error` destinations.
//!

#![deny(clippy::all, clippy::nursery)]
#![deny(nonstandard_style, rust_2018_idioms, unused_crate_dependencies)]
#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg, doc_auto_cfg))]

#[cfg(feature = "_rotate")]
#[cfg_attr(
    docsrs,
    doc(cfg(any(feature = "rotate_rusoto", feature = "rotate_aws_sdk")))
)]
pub mod rotate;

#[cfg(test)]
use native_tls as _;
#[cfg(test)]
use postgres_native_tls as _;
#[cfg(test)]
use simple_logger as _;
#[cfg(test)]
use tokio_postgres as _;

pub use lambda_runtime::{Config, Context};

/// Types which contains all the Information relevant for
/// the current invocation
#[non_exhaustive]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct LambdaEvent<'a, Event> {
    /// The expected Event which is being send
    /// to the lambda by AWS.
    pub event: Event,
    /// Region the lambda is running in
    pub region: &'a str,
    /// Lambda Invocation Context
    pub ctx: Context,
}

/// Defines a type which is executed every time a lambda
/// is invoced.
///
/// Types:
/// * `Shared`: Type which is shared between lambda
///             invocations. Note that lambda will
///             create multiple environments for
///             simulations invokations and environments
///             are only kept alive for a certain time.
///             It is thus not guaranteed that data
///             can be reused, but with this types
///             its possible.
/// * `Event`:  The expected Event which is being send
///             to the lambda by AWS.
/// * `Return`: Type which is the result of the lamba
///             invocation being returned to AWS
#[async_trait::async_trait]
pub trait Runner<'a, Shared, Event, Return>
where
    Shared: Send + Sync + 'a,
    Event: for<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> + std::fmt::Debug,
    Return: serde::Serialize,
{
    /// Invoked only once before lambda runtime start. Does not get called on each
    /// lambda invocation. Can be used to setup logging and other global services,
    /// but should be short as it delays lambda startup
    async fn setup(region: &'a str) -> anyhow::Result<Shared>;

    /// Invoked for every lambda invocation. Data in `shared` is persisted between
    /// invocations as long as they are running in the same `execution environment`
    ///
    /// More Info: <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/runtimes-context.html>
    async fn run(shared: &'a Shared, event: LambdaEvent<'a, Event>) -> anyhow::Result<Return>;
}

/// Lambda entrypoint. This function sets up a lambda
/// multi-thread runtimes and executes [`exec`]. If you
/// already have your own runtime, use the [`exec`]
/// function.
///
/// Types:
/// * `Shared`: Type which is shared between lambda
///             invocations. Note that lambda will
///             create multiple environments for
///             simulations invokations and environments
///             are only kept alive for a certain time.
///             It is thus not guaranteed that data
///             can be reused, but with this types
///             its possible.
/// * `Event`:  The expected Event which is being send
///             to the lambda by AWS.
/// * `Run`:    Runner which is execued for each lambda
///             invocation.
/// * `Return`: Type which is the result of the lamba
///             invocation being returned to AWS
pub fn exec_tokio<Shared, Event, Run, Return>() -> anyhow::Result<()>
where
    Shared: Send + Sync,
    Event: for<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> + std::fmt::Debug + Send,
    Run: for<'a> Runner<'a, Shared, Event, Return>,
    Return: serde::Serialize,
{
    use anyhow::Context;
    use tokio::runtime::Builder;

    Builder::new_multi_thread()
        .enable_all()
        .build()
        .context("Unable to build tokio runtime")?
        .block_on(exec::<Shared, Event, Run, Return>())
}

/// Lambda entrypoint. This function requires a
/// running tokio runtime. Alternativly use [`exec_tokio`]
/// which creates one.
///
/// Types:
/// * `Shared`: Type which is shared between lambda
///             invocations. Note that lambda will
///             create multiple environments for
///             simulations invokations and environments
///             are only kept alive for a certain time.
///             It is thus not guaranteed that data
///             can be reused, but with this types
///             its possible.
/// * `Event`:  The expected Event which is being send
///             to the lambda by AWS.
/// * `Run`:    Runner which is execued for each lambda
///             invocation.
/// * `Return`: Type which is the result of the lamba
///             invocation being returned to AWS
pub async fn exec<Shared, Event, Run, Return>() -> anyhow::Result<()>
where
    Shared: Send + Sync,
    Event: for<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> + std::fmt::Debug + Send,
    Run: for<'a> Runner<'a, Shared, Event, Return>,
    Return: serde::Serialize,
{
    use anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
    use lambda_runtime::{service_fn, LambdaEvent};
    use std::env;

    log::info!("Starting lambda runtime");
    let region = env::var("AWS_REGION").context("Missing AWS_REGION env variable")?;
    let region_ref = &region;
    let shared = Run::setup(region_ref).await?;
    let shared_ref = &shared;
    lambda_runtime::run(service_fn(move |data: LambdaEvent<Event>| {
        log::info!("Received lambda invocation with event: {:?}", data.payload);
        let deadline: u64 = data.context.deadline;
        run::<_, Event, Run, Return>(shared_ref, data, Some(deadline), region_ref)
    }))
    .await
    .map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
}

#[allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
async fn run<'a, Shared, Event, Run, Return>(
    shared: &'a Shared,
    event: lambda_runtime::LambdaEvent<Event>,
    deadline_in_ms: Option<u64>,
    region: &'a str,
) -> anyhow::Result<Return>
where
    Shared: Send + Sync,
    Event: for<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> + std::fmt::Debug + Send,
    Run: Runner<'a, Shared, Event, Return>,
    Return: serde::Serialize,
{
    use anyhow::anyhow;
    use futures::FutureExt;

    let mut runner = Run::run(
        shared,
        LambdaEvent {
            event: event.payload,
            region,
            ctx: event.context,
        },
    )
    .fuse();
    let res = if let Some(deadline_in_ms) = deadline_in_ms {
        let mut timeout = Box::pin(timeout_handler(deadline_in_ms).fuse());
        futures::select! {
            res = runner => res,
            _ = timeout => Err(anyhow!("Lambda failed by running into a timeout")),
        }
    } else {
        runner.await
    };
    log::info!("Completed lambda invocation");
    match res {
        Ok(res) => Ok(res),
        Err(err) => {
            log::error!("{:?}", err);
            Err(err)
        }
    }
}

async fn timeout_handler(deadline_in_ms: u64) {
    use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
    use tokio::time::Instant;

    let epoch = UNIX_EPOCH;
    let now = SystemTime::now();
    let now_instant = Instant::now();

    let duration_from_now = now.duration_since(epoch).expect("Time went backwards");
    let duration_from_epoch = Duration::from_millis(deadline_in_ms);
    let duration_deadline = duration_from_epoch - duration_from_now - Duration::from_millis(100);

    let deadline = now_instant + duration_deadline;
    log::info!("Setting deadline to: {:?}", deadline);
    tokio::time::sleep_until(deadline).await;
}

/// TestData which can be used to test lambda invocations
/// locally in combination with [`exec_test`].
#[derive(serde::Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg(feature = "test")]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "test")))]
pub struct TestData<Event> {
    region: String,
    invocations: Vec<Event>,
}

/// Lambda entrypoint. This function can be used to
/// test one or multiple lambda invocations locally.
///
/// Types:
/// * `Shared`: Type which is shared between lambda
///             invocations. Note that lambda will
///             create multiple environments for
///             simulations invokations and environments
///             are only kept alive for a certain time.
///             It is thus not guaranteed that data
///             can be reused, but with this types
///             its possible.
/// * `Event`:  The expected Event which is being send
///             to the lambda by AWS.
/// * `Run`:    Runner which is execued for each lambda
///             invocation.
/// * `Return`: Type which is the result of the lamba
///             invocation being returned to AWS
#[cfg(feature = "test")]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "test")))]
pub fn exec_test<Shared, Event, Run, Return>(test_data: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()>
where
    Shared: Send + Sync,
    Event: for<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> + std::fmt::Debug + Send,
    Run: for<'a> Runner<'a, Shared, Event, Return>,
    Return: serde::Serialize + std::fmt::Debug,
{
    use anyhow::Context;
    use tokio::runtime::Builder;

    Builder::new_multi_thread()
        .enable_all()
        .build()
        .context("Unable to build tokio runtime")?
        .block_on(async {
            log::info!("Starting lambda test runtime");
            let test_data: TestData<Event> =
                serde_json::from_str(test_data).context("Unable to deserialize test_data")?;
            let region_ref = &test_data.region;
            let shared = Run::setup(region_ref).await?;
            let shared_ref = &shared;

            for (i, data) in test_data.invocations.into_iter().enumerate() {
                log::info!("Starting lambda invocation: {}", i);
                let res = run::<_, Event, Run, Return>(
                    shared_ref,
                    lambda_runtime::LambdaEvent {
                        payload: data,
                        context: crate::Context::default(),
                    },
                    None,
                    region_ref,
                )
                .await?;
                log::info!("{:?}", res);
            }
            Ok(())
        })
}