# Venn Diagram
A Venn diagram displays set membership and overlap between 2, 3, or 4 groups. Each group is represented by a translucent circle (or ellipse for 4 sets), and overlapping regions show elements that belong to multiple groups simultaneously.
Venn diagrams are widely used in bioinformatics to compare gene lists from different tools, samples, or conditions — for example, the shared and unique genes identified by DESeq2, edgeR, and limma.
**Import path:** `kuva::plot::venn::{VennPlot, VennSet, VennOverlap}`
---
## Input modes
VennPlot supports two input modes:
**Raw elements** — provide the actual element lists; intersections are computed automatically using set operations:
```rust,no_run
use kuva::plot::venn::VennPlot;
let venn = VennPlot::new()
.with_set("DESeq2", vec!["BRCA1", "TP53", "MYC", "EGFR"])
.with_set("edgeR", vec!["TP53", "MYC", "KRAS", "PIK3CA"]);
```
**Pre-computed sizes** — supply the total size of each set and each intersection directly:
```rust,no_run
use kuva::plot::venn::VennPlot;
let venn = VennPlot::new()
.with_set_size("Set A", 500)
.with_set_size("Set B", 400)
.with_overlap(["Set A", "Set B"], 120);
```
---
## 2-set diagram
```rust,no_run
use kuva::plot::venn::VennPlot;
use kuva::render::plots::Plot;
use kuva::render::layout::Layout;
use kuva::render::render::render_multiple;
use kuva::backend::svg::SvgBackend;
let deseq2 = vec!["BRCA1","TP53","MYC","EGFR","VEGFA","CDKN2A","KRAS","PTEN","MDM2","RB1"];
let edger = vec!["TP53","MYC","KRAS","PIK3CA","PTEN","RB1","AKT1","MTOR","CDK4"];
let venn = VennPlot::new()
.with_set("DESeq2", deseq2.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect())
.with_set("edgeR", edger.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect())
.with_percentages(true);
let plots = vec![Plot::Venn(venn)];
let layout = Layout::auto_from_plots(&plots).with_title("DE Gene Overlap");
let scene = render_multiple(plots, layout);
let svg = SvgBackend.render_scene(&scene);
std::fs::write("venn_2set.svg", svg).unwrap();
```
<img src="../assets/venn/basic_2set.svg" alt="2-set Venn diagram" width="500">
---
## 3-set diagram
Three circles are arranged in an equilateral triangle. All 7 regions (unique to each set, pairwise overlaps, and the triple overlap) are labeled.
```rust,no_run
use kuva::plot::venn::VennPlot;
use kuva::render::plots::Plot;
let deseq2 = vec!["BRCA1","TP53","MYC","EGFR","VEGFA","CDKN2A","KRAS"];
let edger = vec!["TP53","MYC","KRAS","PIK3CA","PTEN","RB1"];
let limma = vec!["BRCA1","MYC","EGFR","PIK3CA","CDKN2A","MDM2"];
let venn = VennPlot::new()
.with_set("DESeq2", deseq2.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect())
.with_set("edgeR", edger.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect())
.with_set("limma", limma.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect())
.with_counts(true)
.with_percentages(true);
```
<img src="../assets/venn/basic_3set.svg" alt="3-set Venn diagram" width="500">
---
## 4-set diagram
Four-set Venns use rotated ellipses in a symmetric arrangement, producing all 15 non-empty regions. Proportional mode is not supported for 4-set diagrams.
```rust,no_run
use kuva::plot::venn::VennPlot;
let venn = VennPlot::new()
.with_set_size("Condition A", 400)
.with_set_size("Condition B", 350)
.with_set_size("Condition C", 300)
.with_set_size("Condition D", 250)
.with_overlap(["Condition A", "Condition B"], 120)
.with_overlap(["Condition A", "Condition C"], 90)
// ... all pairwise, triple, and quadruple overlaps ...
.with_overlap(["Condition A", "Condition B", "Condition C", "Condition D"], 10)
.with_counts(true);
```
<img src="../assets/venn/four_set.svg" alt="4-set Venn diagram" width="500">
---
## Proportional mode
Enable `.with_proportional(true)` to scale circle areas proportional to set sizes. The renderer uses binary search to find center-to-center distances that approximate the target intersection areas using the lens-area formula.
```rust,no_run
use kuva::plot::venn::VennPlot;
let venn = VennPlot::new()
.with_set_size("Proteomics", 850)
.with_set_size("Transcriptomics", 1200)
.with_set_size("Metabolomics", 600)
.with_overlap(["Proteomics", "Transcriptomics"], 320)
.with_overlap(["Proteomics", "Metabolomics"], 180)
.with_overlap(["Transcriptomics", "Metabolomics"], 250)
.with_overlap(["Proteomics", "Transcriptomics", "Metabolomics"], 90)
.with_proportional(true)
.with_loss(true);
```
<img src="../assets/venn/proportional.svg" alt="Proportional Venn diagram" width="500">
Note: proportional mode is supported for 2 and 3 sets only.
---
## API reference
| `with_set(label, elements)` | Add a set from a raw element list. |
| `with_set_size(label, size)` | Add a set with a pre-computed total size. |
| `with_overlap(labels, size)` | Pre-computed intersection size for 2+ sets. |
| `with_counts(bool)` | Show element counts in each region (default: `true`). |
| `with_percentages(bool)` | Show percentage of total in each region (default: `false`). |
| `with_set_labels(bool)` | Show set name labels (default: `true`). |
| `with_fill_opacity(f64)` | Fill opacity for circles/ellipses (default: `0.25`). |
| `with_stroke_width(f64)` | Outline stroke width (default: `1.5`). |
| `with_proportional(bool)` | Scale circles proportionally to set sizes (default: `false`). |
| `with_loss(bool)` | Display layout stress score in proportional mode (default: `false`). |
| `with_colors(iter)` | Override colors per set (CSS color strings). |
| `with_legend(label)` | Attach a legend with one entry per set. |