Khanij

Khanij (खनिज — Sanskrit for "mineral, born from mining") is a geology and mineralogy engine for the AGNOS scientific computing ecosystem.

It provides mineral properties, crystal systems, rock classification, soil composition, radiometric dating, tectonics, volcanic processes, ore deposit modeling, and more — all built on the hisab numerical library.

Quick Start

Add khanij to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
khanij = "0.1"

use khanij::*;

// Mineral identification
let quartz = Mineral::quartz();
assert!(quartz.hardness.scratches(&MohsHardness::new(5.0).unwrap()));

// Formula parsing (handles Unicode subscripts, hydrates, solid solutions)
let f = Formula::parse("CaSO4·2H2O").unwrap(); // gypsum
assert_eq!(f.count("Ca"), 1);
assert_eq!(f.count("O"), 6);

// Rock cycle
let next = rock_cycle_next(RockType::Igneous, GeologicalProcess::Weathering);
assert_eq!(next, Some(RockType::Sedimentary));

// Radiometric dating
let age = c14_age(0.5); // 50% modern carbon remaining
assert!((age - 5730.0).abs() < 1.0); // ~one half-life

// Geologic timescale
assert_eq!(period_at_age(150.0), Some(Period::Jurassic));

Optional Features

Enable optional integrations with other AGNOS crates:

Feature	Dependency	Capabilities
`chemistry`	kimiya	Mineral composition, dissolution kinetics, lattice energy, Gibbs stability
`thermodynamics`	ushma	Geothermal gradients, heat flow, metamorphic facies
`fluids`	pravash	Groundwater flow, sediment transport, Hjulstrom curves, Shields parameter
`mechanics`	dravya	Mohr-Coulomb failure, seismic velocities, slope stability
`weather`	badal	Climate-driven weathering and erosion
`logging`	tracing-subscriber	Runtime logging via `KHANIJ_LOG` env filter

[dependencies]
khanij = { version = "0.1", features = ["chemistry", "fluids"] }

Modules

Module	Domain
`mineral`	Mineral properties, Mohs/Vickers/Knoop hardness
`crystal`	Crystal system classification (7 systems)
`crystallography`	Unit cells, Miller indices, Bragg diffraction
`formula`	Chemical formula parser (Unicode, hydrates, solid solutions)
`rock`	Rock types, bulk density, porosity, rock cycle
`soil`	USDA texture classification, horizons, fertility, hydraulic conductivity
`texture`	Wentworth grain size, phi scale, sorting, igneous/metamorphic fabrics
`geochemistry`	TAS classification, ASI, Mg#, Rayleigh fractionation
`volcanic`	VEI, magma viscosity, eruption columns, pyroclastic flows
`weathering`	Physical/chemical weathering rates, erosion
`sediment`	Sediment production, transport capacity, budgets
`stratigraphy`	Systems tracts, sea-level cycles, Walther's Law
`tectonics`	Euler poles, spreading rates, subduction geometry, ocean depth
`glaciology`	Glen's flow law, mass balance, isostatic rebound
`hydrothermal`	Alteration zones, metal solubility, ore grade estimation
`ore`	Deposit classification, cutoff grade, NPV, tonnage-grade curves
`timescale`	Geologic time (eons, eras, periods, epochs), age classification
`dating`	Radiometric dating (U-Pb, K-Ar, Rb-Sr, C-14, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf), isochrons
`grid`	2D geologic grids, stratigraphic columns
`stability`	Gibbs energy, phase stability, reaction spontaneity (chemistry)
`geothermal`	Heat flux, metamorphic facies, intrusion cooling (thermodynamics)
`hydrology`	Darcy flow, Theis/Cooper-Jacob, Shields parameter (fluids)
`rock_mechanics`	Mohr-Coulomb, seismic velocities, slope stability (mechanics)

Requirements

Rust: 1.89+ (edition 2024)
MSRV: 1.89

License