jj_cli/

template_parser.rs

// Copyright 2020 The Jujutsu Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::error;
use std::mem;
use std::sync::LazyLock;

use itertools::Itertools as _;
use jj_lib::dsl_util;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::AliasDeclaration;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::AliasDeclarationParser;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::AliasDefinitionParser;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::AliasExpandError;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::AliasExpandableExpression;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::AliasId;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::AliasesMap;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::Diagnostics;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::ExpressionFolder;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::FoldableExpression;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::FunctionCallParser;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::InvalidArguments;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::StringLiteralParser;
use jj_lib::dsl_util::collect_similar;
use jj_lib::str_util::StringPattern;
use pest::Parser as _;
use pest::iterators::Pair;
use pest::iterators::Pairs;
use pest::pratt_parser::Assoc;
use pest::pratt_parser::Op;
use pest::pratt_parser::PrattParser;
use pest_derive::Parser;
use thiserror::Error;

#[derive(Parser)]
#[grammar = "template.pest"]
struct TemplateParser;

const STRING_LITERAL_PARSER: StringLiteralParser<Rule> = StringLiteralParser {
    content_rule: Rule::string_content,
    escape_rule: Rule::string_escape,
};
const FUNCTION_CALL_PARSER: FunctionCallParser<Rule> = FunctionCallParser {
    function_name_rule: Rule::identifier,
    function_arguments_rule: Rule::function_arguments,
    keyword_argument_rule: Rule::keyword_argument,
    argument_name_rule: Rule::identifier,
    argument_value_rule: Rule::template,
};

impl Rule {
    fn to_symbol(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
        match self {
            Self::EOI => None,
            Self::WHITESPACE => None,
            Self::string_escape => None,
            Self::string_content_char => None,
            Self::string_content => None,
            Self::string_literal => None,
            Self::raw_string_content => None,
            Self::raw_string_literal => None,
            Self::integer_literal => None,
            Self::identifier => None,
            Self::concat_op => Some("++"),
            Self::logical_or_op => Some("||"),
            Self::logical_and_op => Some("&&"),
            Self::eq_op => Some("=="),
            Self::ne_op => Some("!="),
            Self::ge_op => Some(">="),
            Self::gt_op => Some(">"),
            Self::le_op => Some("<="),
            Self::lt_op => Some("<"),
            Self::add_op => Some("+"),
            Self::sub_op => Some("-"),
            Self::mul_op => Some("*"),
            Self::div_op => Some("/"),
            Self::rem_op => Some("%"),
            Self::logical_not_op => Some("!"),
            Self::negate_op => Some("-"),
            Self::pattern_kind_op => Some(":"),
            Self::prefix_ops => None,
            Self::infix_ops => None,
            Self::function => None,
            Self::keyword_argument => None,
            Self::argument => None,
            Self::function_arguments => None,
            Self::lambda => None,
            Self::formal_parameters => None,
            Self::pattern_identifier => None,
            Self::pattern => None,
            Self::pattern_value_expression => None,
            Self::primary => None,
            Self::term => None,
            Self::prefixed_term => None,
            Self::expression => None,
            Self::template => None,
            Self::program => None,
            Self::function_alias_declaration => None,
            Self::pattern_alias_declaration => None,
            Self::alias_declaration => None,
        }
    }
}

/// Manages diagnostic messages emitted during template parsing and building.
pub type TemplateDiagnostics = Diagnostics<TemplateParseError>;

pub type TemplateParseResult<T> = Result<T, TemplateParseError>;

#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error("{pest_error}")]
pub struct TemplateParseError {
    kind: TemplateParseErrorKind,
    pest_error: Box<pest::error::Error<Rule>>,
    source: Option<Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]
pub enum TemplateParseErrorKind {
    #[error("Syntax error")]
    SyntaxError,
    #[error("Keyword `{name}` doesn't exist")]
    NoSuchKeyword {
        name: String,
        candidates: Vec<String>,
    },
    #[error("Function `{name}` doesn't exist")]
    NoSuchFunction {
        name: String,
        candidates: Vec<String>,
    },
    #[error("Method `{name}` doesn't exist for type `{type_name}`")]
    NoSuchMethod {
        type_name: String,
        name: String,
        candidates: Vec<String>,
    },
    #[error("Function `{name}`: {message}")]
    InvalidArguments { name: String, message: String },
    #[error("Redefinition of function parameter")]
    RedefinedFunctionParameter,
    #[error("{0}")]
    Expression(String),
    #[error("In alias `{0}`")]
    InAliasExpansion(String),
    #[error("In function parameter `{0}`")]
    InParameterExpansion(String),
    #[error("Alias `{0}` expanded recursively")]
    RecursiveAlias(String),
}

impl TemplateParseError {
    pub fn with_span(kind: TemplateParseErrorKind, span: pest::Span<'_>) -> Self {
        let message = kind.to_string();
        let pest_error = Box::new(pest::error::Error::new_from_span(
            pest::error::ErrorVariant::CustomError { message },
            span,
        ));
        Self {
            kind,
            pest_error,
            source: None,
        }
    }

    pub fn with_source(mut self, source: impl Into<Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>>) -> Self {
        self.source = Some(source.into());
        self
    }

    pub fn expected_type(expected: &str, actual: &str, span: pest::Span<'_>) -> Self {
        let message =
            format!("Expected expression of type `{expected}`, but actual type is `{actual}`");
        Self::expression(message, span)
    }

    /// Some other expression error.
    pub fn expression(message: impl Into<String>, span: pest::Span<'_>) -> Self {
        Self::with_span(TemplateParseErrorKind::Expression(message.into()), span)
    }

    /// If this is a `NoSuchKeyword` error, expands the candidates list with the
    /// given `other_keywords`.
    pub fn extend_keyword_candidates<I>(mut self, other_keywords: I) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator,
        I::Item: AsRef<str>,
    {
        if let TemplateParseErrorKind::NoSuchKeyword { name, candidates } = &mut self.kind {
            let other_candidates = collect_similar(name, other_keywords);
            *candidates = itertools::merge(mem::take(candidates), other_candidates)
                .dedup()
                .collect();
        }
        self
    }

    /// If this is a `NoSuchFunction` error, expands the candidates list with
    /// the given `other_functions`.
    pub fn extend_function_candidates<I>(mut self, other_functions: I) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator,
        I::Item: AsRef<str>,
    {
        if let TemplateParseErrorKind::NoSuchFunction { name, candidates } = &mut self.kind {
            let other_candidates = collect_similar(name, other_functions);
            *candidates = itertools::merge(mem::take(candidates), other_candidates)
                .dedup()
                .collect();
        }
        self
    }

    /// Expands keyword/function candidates with the given aliases.
    pub fn extend_alias_candidates(self, aliases_map: &TemplateAliasesMap) -> Self {
        self.extend_keyword_candidates(aliases_map.symbol_names())
            .extend_function_candidates(aliases_map.function_names())
    }

    pub fn kind(&self) -> &TemplateParseErrorKind {
        &self.kind
    }

    /// Original parsing error which typically occurred in an alias expression.
    pub fn origin(&self) -> Option<&Self> {
        self.source.as_ref().and_then(|e| e.downcast_ref())
    }
}

impl AliasExpandError for TemplateParseError {
    fn invalid_arguments(err: InvalidArguments<'_>) -> Self {
        err.into()
    }

    fn recursive_expansion(id: AliasId<'_>, span: pest::Span<'_>) -> Self {
        Self::with_span(TemplateParseErrorKind::RecursiveAlias(id.to_string()), span)
    }

    fn within_alias_expansion(self, id: AliasId<'_>, span: pest::Span<'_>) -> Self {
        let kind = match id {
            AliasId::Symbol(_) | AliasId::Pattern(..) | AliasId::Function(..) => {
                TemplateParseErrorKind::InAliasExpansion(id.to_string())
            }
            AliasId::Parameter(_) => TemplateParseErrorKind::InParameterExpansion(id.to_string()),
        };
        Self::with_span(kind, span).with_source(self)
    }
}

impl From<pest::error::Error<Rule>> for TemplateParseError {
    fn from(err: pest::error::Error<Rule>) -> Self {
        Self {
            kind: TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError,
            pest_error: Box::new(rename_rules_in_pest_error(err)),
            source: None,
        }
    }
}

impl From<InvalidArguments<'_>> for TemplateParseError {
    fn from(err: InvalidArguments<'_>) -> Self {
        let kind = TemplateParseErrorKind::InvalidArguments {
            name: err.name.to_owned(),
            message: err.message,
        };
        Self::with_span(kind, err.span)
    }
}

fn rename_rules_in_pest_error(err: pest::error::Error<Rule>) -> pest::error::Error<Rule> {
    err.renamed_rules(|rule| {
        rule.to_symbol()
            .map(|sym| format!("`{sym}`"))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("<{rule:?}>"))
    })
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum ExpressionKind<'i> {
    Identifier(&'i str),
    Boolean(bool),
    Integer(i64),
    String(String),
    /// `<name>:<value>` where `<value>` is usually `String`.
    Pattern(Box<PatternNode<'i>>),
    Unary(UnaryOp, Box<ExpressionNode<'i>>),
    Binary(BinaryOp, Box<ExpressionNode<'i>>, Box<ExpressionNode<'i>>),
    Concat(Vec<ExpressionNode<'i>>),
    FunctionCall(Box<FunctionCallNode<'i>>),
    MethodCall(Box<MethodCallNode<'i>>),
    Lambda(Box<LambdaNode<'i>>),
    /// Identity node to preserve the span in the source template text.
    AliasExpanded(AliasId<'i>, Box<ExpressionNode<'i>>),
}

impl<'i> FoldableExpression<'i> for ExpressionKind<'i> {
    fn fold<F>(self, folder: &mut F, span: pest::Span<'i>) -> Result<Self, F::Error>
    where
        F: ExpressionFolder<'i, Self> + ?Sized,
    {
        match self {
            Self::Identifier(name) => folder.fold_identifier(name, span),
            Self::Boolean(_) | Self::Integer(_) | Self::String(_) => Ok(self),
            Self::Pattern(pattern) => folder.fold_pattern(pattern, span),
            Self::Unary(op, arg) => {
                let arg = Box::new(folder.fold_expression(*arg)?);
                Ok(Self::Unary(op, arg))
            }
            Self::Binary(op, lhs, rhs) => {
                let lhs = Box::new(folder.fold_expression(*lhs)?);
                let rhs = Box::new(folder.fold_expression(*rhs)?);
                Ok(Self::Binary(op, lhs, rhs))
            }
            Self::Concat(nodes) => Ok(Self::Concat(dsl_util::fold_expression_nodes(
                folder, nodes,
            )?)),
            Self::FunctionCall(function) => folder.fold_function_call(function, span),
            Self::MethodCall(method) => {
                // Method call is syntactically different from function call.
                let method = Box::new(MethodCallNode {
                    object: folder.fold_expression(method.object)?,
                    function: dsl_util::fold_function_call_args(folder, method.function)?,
                });
                Ok(Self::MethodCall(method))
            }
            Self::Lambda(lambda) => {
                let lambda = Box::new(LambdaNode {
                    params: lambda.params,
                    params_span: lambda.params_span,
                    body: folder.fold_expression(lambda.body)?,
                });
                Ok(Self::Lambda(lambda))
            }
            Self::AliasExpanded(id, subst) => {
                let subst = Box::new(folder.fold_expression(*subst)?);
                Ok(Self::AliasExpanded(id, subst))
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<'i> AliasExpandableExpression<'i> for ExpressionKind<'i> {
    fn identifier(name: &'i str) -> Self {
        ExpressionKind::Identifier(name)
    }

    fn pattern(pattern: Box<PatternNode<'i>>) -> Self {
        ExpressionKind::Pattern(pattern)
    }

    fn function_call(function: Box<FunctionCallNode<'i>>) -> Self {
        ExpressionKind::FunctionCall(function)
    }

    fn alias_expanded(id: AliasId<'i>, subst: Box<ExpressionNode<'i>>) -> Self {
        ExpressionKind::AliasExpanded(id, subst)
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
pub enum UnaryOp {
    /// `!`
    LogicalNot,
    /// `-`
    Negate,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
pub enum BinaryOp {
    /// `||`
    LogicalOr,
    /// `&&`
    LogicalAnd,
    /// `==`
    Eq,
    /// `!=`
    Ne,
    /// `>=`
    Ge,
    /// `>`
    Gt,
    /// `<=`
    Le,
    /// `<`
    Lt,
    /// `+`
    Add,
    /// `-`
    Sub,
    /// `*`
    Mul,
    /// `/`
    Div,
    /// `%`
    Rem,
}

pub type ExpressionNode<'i> = dsl_util::ExpressionNode<'i, ExpressionKind<'i>>;
pub type FunctionCallNode<'i> = dsl_util::FunctionCallNode<'i, ExpressionKind<'i>>;
pub type PatternNode<'i> = dsl_util::PatternNode<'i, ExpressionKind<'i>>;

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct MethodCallNode<'i> {
    pub object: ExpressionNode<'i>,
    pub function: FunctionCallNode<'i>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct LambdaNode<'i> {
    pub params: Vec<&'i str>,
    pub params_span: pest::Span<'i>,
    pub body: ExpressionNode<'i>,
}

fn parse_identifier_or_literal(pair: Pair<Rule>) -> ExpressionKind {
    assert!(matches!(
        pair.as_rule(),
        Rule::identifier | Rule::pattern_identifier
    ));
    match pair.as_str() {
        "false" => ExpressionKind::Boolean(false),
        "true" => ExpressionKind::Boolean(true),
        name => ExpressionKind::Identifier(name),
    }
}

fn parse_identifier_name(pair: Pair<'_, Rule>) -> TemplateParseResult<&str> {
    let span = pair.as_span();
    if let ExpressionKind::Identifier(name) = parse_identifier_or_literal(pair) {
        Ok(name)
    } else {
        Err(TemplateParseError::expression("Expected identifier", span))
    }
}

fn parse_formal_parameters(params_pair: Pair<'_, Rule>) -> TemplateParseResult<Vec<&str>> {
    assert_eq!(params_pair.as_rule(), Rule::formal_parameters);
    let params_span = params_pair.as_span();
    let params: Vec<_> = params_pair
        .into_inner()
        .map(parse_identifier_name)
        .try_collect()?;
    if params.iter().all_unique() {
        Ok(params)
    } else {
        Err(TemplateParseError::with_span(
            TemplateParseErrorKind::RedefinedFunctionParameter,
            params_span,
        ))
    }
}

fn parse_lambda_node(pair: Pair<Rule>) -> TemplateParseResult<LambdaNode> {
    assert_eq!(pair.as_rule(), Rule::lambda);
    let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
    let params_pair = inner.next().unwrap();
    let params_span = params_pair.as_span();
    let body_pair = inner.next().unwrap();
    let params = parse_formal_parameters(params_pair)?;
    let body = parse_template_node(body_pair)?;
    Ok(LambdaNode {
        params,
        params_span,
        body,
    })
}

fn parse_string_literal(pair: Pair<Rule>) -> String {
    match pair.as_rule() {
        Rule::string_literal => STRING_LITERAL_PARSER.parse(pair.into_inner()),
        Rule::raw_string_literal => {
            let [content] = pair.into_inner().collect_array().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(content.as_rule(), Rule::raw_string_content);
            content.as_str().to_owned()
        }
        other => panic!("unexpected string literal: {other:?}"),
    }
}

fn parse_term_node(pair: Pair<Rule>) -> TemplateParseResult<ExpressionNode> {
    assert_eq!(pair.as_rule(), Rule::term);
    let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
    let primary = inner.next().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(primary.as_rule(), Rule::primary);
    let primary_span = primary.as_span();
    let expr = primary.into_inner().next().unwrap();
    let primary_kind = match expr.as_rule() {
        Rule::string_literal | Rule::raw_string_literal => {
            ExpressionKind::String(parse_string_literal(expr))
        }
        Rule::integer_literal => {
            let value = expr.as_str().parse().map_err(|err| {
                TemplateParseError::expression("Invalid integer literal", expr.as_span())
                    .with_source(err)
            })?;
            ExpressionKind::Integer(value)
        }
        Rule::pattern => {
            let [lhs, op, rhs] = expr.into_inner().collect_array().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(op.as_rule(), Rule::pattern_kind_op);
            assert_eq!(rhs.as_rule(), Rule::pattern_value_expression);
            let name_span = lhs.as_span();
            let pattern = Box::new(PatternNode {
                name: parse_identifier_name(lhs)?,
                name_span,
                value: parse_expression_node(rhs)?,
            });
            ExpressionKind::Pattern(pattern)
        }
        Rule::identifier => parse_identifier_or_literal(expr),
        Rule::function => {
            let function = Box::new(FUNCTION_CALL_PARSER.parse(
                expr,
                parse_identifier_name,
                parse_template_node,
            )?);
            ExpressionKind::FunctionCall(function)
        }
        Rule::lambda => {
            let lambda = Box::new(parse_lambda_node(expr)?);
            ExpressionKind::Lambda(lambda)
        }
        // Ignore inner span to preserve parenthesized expression as such.
        Rule::template => parse_template_node(expr)?.kind,
        other => panic!("unexpected term: {other:?}"),
    };
    let primary_node = ExpressionNode::new(primary_kind, primary_span);
    inner.try_fold(primary_node, |object, chain| {
        assert_eq!(chain.as_rule(), Rule::function);
        let span = object.span.start_pos().span(&chain.as_span().end_pos());
        let method = Box::new(MethodCallNode {
            object,
            function: FUNCTION_CALL_PARSER.parse(
                chain,
                parse_identifier_name,
                parse_template_node,
            )?,
        });
        Ok(ExpressionNode::new(
            ExpressionKind::MethodCall(method),
            span,
        ))
    })
}

fn parse_expression_node(pair: Pair<Rule>) -> TemplateParseResult<ExpressionNode> {
    static PRATT: LazyLock<PrattParser<Rule>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
        PrattParser::new()
            .op(Op::infix(Rule::logical_or_op, Assoc::Left))
            .op(Op::infix(Rule::logical_and_op, Assoc::Left))
            .op(Op::infix(Rule::eq_op, Assoc::Left) | Op::infix(Rule::ne_op, Assoc::Left))
            .op(Op::infix(Rule::ge_op, Assoc::Left)
                | Op::infix(Rule::gt_op, Assoc::Left)
                | Op::infix(Rule::le_op, Assoc::Left)
                | Op::infix(Rule::lt_op, Assoc::Left))
            .op(Op::infix(Rule::add_op, Assoc::Left) | Op::infix(Rule::sub_op, Assoc::Left))
            .op(Op::infix(Rule::mul_op, Assoc::Left)
                | Op::infix(Rule::div_op, Assoc::Left)
                | Op::infix(Rule::rem_op, Assoc::Left))
            .op(Op::prefix(Rule::logical_not_op) | Op::prefix(Rule::negate_op))
    });
    PRATT
        .map_primary(parse_term_node)
        .map_prefix(|op, rhs| {
            let op_kind = match op.as_rule() {
                Rule::logical_not_op => UnaryOp::LogicalNot,
                Rule::negate_op => UnaryOp::Negate,
                r => panic!("unexpected prefix operator rule {r:?}"),
            };
            let rhs = Box::new(rhs?);
            let span = op.as_span().start_pos().span(&rhs.span.end_pos());
            let expr = ExpressionKind::Unary(op_kind, rhs);
            Ok(ExpressionNode::new(expr, span))
        })
        .map_infix(|lhs, op, rhs| {
            let op_kind = match op.as_rule() {
                Rule::logical_or_op => BinaryOp::LogicalOr,
                Rule::logical_and_op => BinaryOp::LogicalAnd,
                Rule::eq_op => BinaryOp::Eq,
                Rule::ne_op => BinaryOp::Ne,
                Rule::ge_op => BinaryOp::Ge,
                Rule::gt_op => BinaryOp::Gt,
                Rule::le_op => BinaryOp::Le,
                Rule::lt_op => BinaryOp::Lt,
                Rule::add_op => BinaryOp::Add,
                Rule::sub_op => BinaryOp::Sub,
                Rule::mul_op => BinaryOp::Mul,
                Rule::div_op => BinaryOp::Div,
                Rule::rem_op => BinaryOp::Rem,
                r => panic!("unexpected infix operator rule {r:?}"),
            };
            let lhs = Box::new(lhs?);
            let rhs = Box::new(rhs?);
            let span = lhs.span.start_pos().span(&rhs.span.end_pos());
            let expr = ExpressionKind::Binary(op_kind, lhs, rhs);
            Ok(ExpressionNode::new(expr, span))
        })
        .parse(pair.into_inner())
}

fn parse_template_node(pair: Pair<Rule>) -> TemplateParseResult<ExpressionNode> {
    assert_eq!(pair.as_rule(), Rule::template);
    let span = pair.as_span();
    let inner = pair.into_inner();
    let mut nodes: Vec<_> = inner
        .filter_map(|pair| match pair.as_rule() {
            Rule::concat_op => None,
            Rule::expression => Some(parse_expression_node(pair)),
            r => panic!("unexpected template item rule {r:?}"),
        })
        .try_collect()?;
    if nodes.len() == 1 {
        Ok(nodes.pop().unwrap())
    } else {
        Ok(ExpressionNode::new(ExpressionKind::Concat(nodes), span))
    }
}

/// Parses text into AST nodes. No type/name checking is made at this stage.
pub fn parse_template(template_text: &str) -> TemplateParseResult<ExpressionNode<'_>> {
    let mut pairs: Pairs<Rule> = TemplateParser::parse(Rule::program, template_text)?;
    let first_pair = pairs.next().unwrap();
    if first_pair.as_rule() == Rule::EOI {
        let span = first_pair.as_span();
        Ok(ExpressionNode::new(ExpressionKind::Concat(vec![]), span))
    } else {
        parse_template_node(first_pair)
    }
}

pub type TemplateAliasesMap = AliasesMap<TemplateAliasParser, String>;

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct TemplateAliasParser;

impl AliasDeclarationParser for TemplateAliasParser {
    type Error = TemplateParseError;

    fn parse_declaration(&self, source: &str) -> Result<AliasDeclaration, Self::Error> {
        let mut pairs = TemplateParser::parse(Rule::alias_declaration, source)?;
        let first = pairs.next().unwrap();
        match first.as_rule() {
            Rule::identifier => {
                let name = parse_identifier_name(first)?.to_owned();
                Ok(AliasDeclaration::Symbol(name))
            }
            Rule::pattern_alias_declaration => {
                let [name_pair, op, param_pair] = first.into_inner().collect_array().unwrap();
                assert_eq!(op.as_rule(), Rule::pattern_kind_op);
                let name = parse_identifier_name(name_pair)?.to_owned();
                let param = parse_identifier_name(param_pair)?.to_owned();
                Ok(AliasDeclaration::Pattern(name, param))
            }
            Rule::function_alias_declaration => {
                let mut inner = first.into_inner();
                let name_pair = inner.next().unwrap();
                let params_pair = inner.next().unwrap();
                let name = parse_identifier_name(name_pair)?.to_owned();
                let params = parse_formal_parameters(params_pair)?
                    .into_iter()
                    .map(|s| s.to_owned())
                    .collect();
                Ok(AliasDeclaration::Function(name, params))
            }
            r => panic!("unexpected alias declaration rule {r:?}"),
        }
    }
}

impl AliasDefinitionParser for TemplateAliasParser {
    type Output<'i> = ExpressionKind<'i>;
    type Error = TemplateParseError;

    fn parse_definition<'i>(&self, source: &'i str) -> Result<ExpressionNode<'i>, Self::Error> {
        parse_template(source)
    }
}

/// Parses text into AST nodes, and expands aliases.
///
/// No type/name checking is made at this stage.
pub fn parse<'i>(
    template_text: &'i str,
    aliases_map: &'i TemplateAliasesMap,
) -> TemplateParseResult<ExpressionNode<'i>> {
    let node = parse_template(template_text)?;
    dsl_util::expand_aliases(node, aliases_map)
}

/// Unwraps inner value if the given `node` is a string literal.
pub fn expect_string_literal<'a>(node: &'a ExpressionNode<'_>) -> TemplateParseResult<&'a str> {
    catch_aliases_no_diagnostics(node, |node| match &node.kind {
        ExpressionKind::String(s) => Ok(s.as_str()),
        _ => Err(TemplateParseError::expression(
            "Expected string literal",
            node.span,
        )),
    })
}

/// Unwraps inner value if the given `node` is a string pattern
///
/// This forces it to be static so that it need not be part of the type system.
pub fn expect_string_pattern(node: &ExpressionNode<'_>) -> TemplateParseResult<StringPattern> {
    catch_aliases_no_diagnostics(node, |node| match &node.kind {
        ExpressionKind::Pattern(pattern) => {
            let value = expect_string_literal(&pattern.value)?;
            StringPattern::from_str_kind(value, pattern.name).map_err(|err| {
                TemplateParseError::expression("Bad string pattern", node.span).with_source(err)
            })
        }
        ExpressionKind::String(string) => Ok(StringPattern::Substring(string.clone())),
        _ => Err(TemplateParseError::expression(
            "Expected string pattern",
            node.span,
        )),
    })
}

/// Unwraps inner node if the given `node` is a lambda.
pub fn expect_lambda<'a, 'i>(
    node: &'a ExpressionNode<'i>,
) -> TemplateParseResult<&'a LambdaNode<'i>> {
    catch_aliases_no_diagnostics(node, |node| match &node.kind {
        ExpressionKind::Lambda(lambda) => Ok(lambda.as_ref()),
        _ => Err(TemplateParseError::expression(
            "Expected lambda expression",
            node.span,
        )),
    })
}

/// Applies the given function to the innermost `node` by unwrapping alias
/// expansion nodes. Appends alias expansion stack to error and diagnostics.
pub fn catch_aliases<'a, 'i, T>(
    diagnostics: &mut TemplateDiagnostics,
    node: &'a ExpressionNode<'i>,
    f: impl FnOnce(&mut TemplateDiagnostics, &'a ExpressionNode<'i>) -> TemplateParseResult<T>,
) -> TemplateParseResult<T> {
    let (node, stack) = skip_aliases(node);
    if stack.is_empty() {
        f(diagnostics, node)
    } else {
        let mut inner_diagnostics = TemplateDiagnostics::new();
        let result = f(&mut inner_diagnostics, node);
        diagnostics.extend_with(inner_diagnostics, |diag| attach_aliases_err(diag, &stack));
        result.map_err(|err| attach_aliases_err(err, &stack))
    }
}

fn catch_aliases_no_diagnostics<'a, 'i, T>(
    node: &'a ExpressionNode<'i>,
    f: impl FnOnce(&'a ExpressionNode<'i>) -> TemplateParseResult<T>,
) -> TemplateParseResult<T> {
    let (node, stack) = skip_aliases(node);
    f(node).map_err(|err| attach_aliases_err(err, &stack))
}

fn skip_aliases<'a, 'i>(
    mut node: &'a ExpressionNode<'i>,
) -> (&'a ExpressionNode<'i>, Vec<(AliasId<'i>, pest::Span<'i>)>) {
    let mut stack = Vec::new();
    while let ExpressionKind::AliasExpanded(id, subst) = &node.kind {
        stack.push((*id, node.span));
        node = subst;
    }
    (node, stack)
}

fn attach_aliases_err(
    err: TemplateParseError,
    stack: &[(AliasId<'_>, pest::Span<'_>)],
) -> TemplateParseError {
    stack
        .iter()
        .rfold(err, |err, &(id, span)| err.within_alias_expansion(id, span))
}

/// Looks up `table` by the given function name.
pub fn lookup_function<'a, V>(
    table: &'a HashMap<&str, V>,
    function: &FunctionCallNode,
) -> TemplateParseResult<&'a V> {
    if let Some(value) = table.get(function.name) {
        Ok(value)
    } else {
        let candidates = collect_similar(function.name, table.keys());
        Err(TemplateParseError::with_span(
            TemplateParseErrorKind::NoSuchFunction {
                name: function.name.to_owned(),
                candidates,
            },
            function.name_span,
        ))
    }
}

/// Looks up `table` by the given method name.
pub fn lookup_method<'a, V>(
    type_name: impl Into<String>,
    table: &'a HashMap<&str, V>,
    function: &FunctionCallNode,
) -> TemplateParseResult<&'a V> {
    if let Some(value) = table.get(function.name) {
        Ok(value)
    } else {
        let candidates = collect_similar(function.name, table.keys());
        Err(TemplateParseError::with_span(
            TemplateParseErrorKind::NoSuchMethod {
                type_name: type_name.into(),
                name: function.name.to_owned(),
                candidates,
            },
            function.name_span,
        ))
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use assert_matches::assert_matches;
    use jj_lib::dsl_util::KeywordArgument;
    use testutils::TestResult;

    use super::*;

    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct WithTemplateAliasesMap(TemplateAliasesMap);

    impl WithTemplateAliasesMap {
        fn parse<'i>(&'i self, template_text: &'i str) -> TemplateParseResult<ExpressionNode<'i>> {
            parse(template_text, &self.0)
        }

        fn parse_normalized<'i>(&'i self, template_text: &'i str) -> ExpressionNode<'i> {
            normalize_tree(self.parse(template_text).unwrap())
        }
    }

    fn with_aliases(
        aliases: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl AsRef<str>, impl Into<String>)>,
    ) -> WithTemplateAliasesMap {
        let mut aliases_map = TemplateAliasesMap::new();
        for (decl, defn) in aliases {
            aliases_map.insert(decl, defn).unwrap();
        }
        WithTemplateAliasesMap(aliases_map)
    }

    fn parse_into_kind(template_text: &str) -> Result<ExpressionKind<'_>, TemplateParseErrorKind> {
        parse_template(template_text)
            .map(|node| node.kind)
            .map_err(|err| err.kind)
    }

    fn parse_normalized(template_text: &str) -> ExpressionNode<'_> {
        normalize_tree(parse_template(template_text).unwrap())
    }

    /// Drops auxiliary data of AST so it can be compared with other node.
    fn normalize_tree(node: ExpressionNode) -> ExpressionNode {
        fn empty_span() -> pest::Span<'static> {
            pest::Span::new("", 0, 0).unwrap()
        }

        fn normalize_list(nodes: Vec<ExpressionNode>) -> Vec<ExpressionNode> {
            nodes.into_iter().map(normalize_tree).collect()
        }

        fn normalize_function_call(function: FunctionCallNode) -> FunctionCallNode {
            FunctionCallNode {
                name: function.name,
                name_span: empty_span(),
                args: normalize_list(function.args),
                keyword_args: function
                    .keyword_args
                    .into_iter()
                    .map(|arg| KeywordArgument {
                        name: arg.name,
                        name_span: empty_span(),
                        value: normalize_tree(arg.value),
                    })
                    .collect(),
                args_span: empty_span(),
            }
        }

        let normalized_kind = match node.kind {
            ExpressionKind::Identifier(_)
            | ExpressionKind::Boolean(_)
            | ExpressionKind::Integer(_)
            | ExpressionKind::String(_) => node.kind,
            ExpressionKind::Pattern(pattern) => {
                let pattern = Box::new(PatternNode {
                    name: pattern.name,
                    name_span: empty_span(),
                    value: normalize_tree(pattern.value),
                });
                ExpressionKind::Pattern(pattern)
            }
            ExpressionKind::Unary(op, arg) => {
                let arg = Box::new(normalize_tree(*arg));
                ExpressionKind::Unary(op, arg)
            }
            ExpressionKind::Binary(op, lhs, rhs) => {
                let lhs = Box::new(normalize_tree(*lhs));
                let rhs = Box::new(normalize_tree(*rhs));
                ExpressionKind::Binary(op, lhs, rhs)
            }
            ExpressionKind::Concat(nodes) => ExpressionKind::Concat(normalize_list(nodes)),
            ExpressionKind::FunctionCall(function) => {
                let function = Box::new(normalize_function_call(*function));
                ExpressionKind::FunctionCall(function)
            }
            ExpressionKind::MethodCall(method) => {
                let method = Box::new(MethodCallNode {
                    object: normalize_tree(method.object),
                    function: normalize_function_call(method.function),
                });
                ExpressionKind::MethodCall(method)
            }
            ExpressionKind::Lambda(lambda) => {
                let lambda = Box::new(LambdaNode {
                    params: lambda.params,
                    params_span: empty_span(),
                    body: normalize_tree(lambda.body),
                });
                ExpressionKind::Lambda(lambda)
            }
            ExpressionKind::AliasExpanded(_, subst) => normalize_tree(*subst).kind,
        };
        ExpressionNode {
            kind: normalized_kind,
            span: empty_span(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_tree_eq() -> TestResult {
        assert_eq!(
            normalize_tree(parse_template(r#" commit_id.short(1 )  ++ description"#)?),
            normalize_tree(parse_template(r#"commit_id.short( 1 )++(description)"#)?),
        );
        assert_ne!(
            normalize_tree(parse_template(r#" "ab" "#)?),
            normalize_tree(parse_template(r#" "a" ++ "b" "#)?),
        );
        assert_ne!(
            normalize_tree(parse_template(r#" "foo" ++ "0" "#)?),
            normalize_tree(parse_template(r#" "foo" ++ 0 "#)?),
        );
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_whitespace() {
        let ascii_whitespaces: String = ('\x00'..='\x7f')
            .filter(char::is_ascii_whitespace)
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized(&format!("{ascii_whitespaces}f()")),
            parse_normalized("f()"),
        );
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized(&ascii_whitespaces), parse_normalized(""));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_operator_syntax() -> TestResult {
        // Operator precedence
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("!!x"), parse_normalized("!(!x)"));
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("!x.f() || !g()"),
            parse_normalized("(!(x.f())) || (!(g()))"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("!x.f() <= !x.f()"),
            parse_normalized("((!(x.f())) <= (!(x.f())))"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("!x.f() < !x.f() == !x.f() >= !x.f() || !g() != !g()"),
            parse_normalized(
                "((!(x.f()) < (!(x.f()))) == ((!(x.f())) >= (!(x.f())))) || ((!(g())) != (!(g())))"
            ),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("x.f() || y == y || z"),
            parse_normalized("((x.f()) || (y == y)) || z"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("x || y == y && z.h() > z"),
            parse_normalized("x || ((y == y) && ((z.h()) > z))"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("x == y || y != z && !z"),
            parse_normalized("(x == y) || ((y != z) && (!z))"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("a + b * c / d % e - -f == g"),
            parse_normalized("((a + (((b * c) / d) % e)) - (-f)) == g"),
        );

        // Logical operator bounds more tightly than concatenation. This might
        // not be so intuitive, but should be harmless.
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized(r"x && y ++ z"),
            parse_normalized(r"(x && y) ++ z"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized(r"x ++ y || z"),
            parse_normalized(r"x ++ (y || z)"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized(r"x == y ++ z"),
            parse_normalized(r"(x == y) ++ z"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized(r"x != y ++ z"),
            parse_normalized(r"(x != y) ++ z"),
        );

        // Expression span
        assert_eq!(parse_template(" ! x ")?.span.as_str(), "! x");
        assert_eq!(parse_template(" x ||y ")?.span.as_str(), "x ||y");
        assert_eq!(parse_template(" (x) ")?.span.as_str(), "(x)");
        assert_eq!(parse_template(" ! (x ||y) ")?.span.as_str(), "! (x ||y)");
        assert_eq!(parse_template("(x ++ y ) ")?.span.as_str(), "(x ++ y )");
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_function_call_syntax() -> TestResult {
        fn unwrap_function_call(node: ExpressionNode<'_>) -> Box<FunctionCallNode<'_>> {
            match node.kind {
                ExpressionKind::FunctionCall(function) => function,
                _ => panic!("unexpected expression: {node:?}"),
            }
        }

        // Trailing comma isn't allowed for empty argument
        assert!(parse_template(r#" "".first_line() "#).is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" "".first_line(,) "#).is_err());

        // Trailing comma is allowed for the last argument
        assert!(parse_template(r#" "".contains("") "#).is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" "".contains("",) "#).is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" "".contains("" ,  ) "#).is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" "".contains(,"") "#).is_err());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" "".contains("",,) "#).is_err());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" "".contains("" , , ) "#).is_err());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" label("","") "#).is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" label("","",) "#).is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template(r#" label("",,"") "#).is_err());

        // Keyword arguments
        assert!(parse_template("f(foo = bar)").is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template("f( foo=bar )").is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template("x.f(foo, bar=0, baz=1)").is_ok());

        // Boolean literal cannot be used as a function name
        assert!(parse_template("false()").is_err());
        // Boolean literal cannot be used as a parameter name
        assert!(parse_template("f(false=0)").is_err());
        // Function arguments can be any expression
        assert!(parse_template("f(false)").is_ok());

        // Expression span
        let function = unwrap_function_call(parse_template("foo( a, (b) , -(c), d = (e) )")?);
        assert_eq!(function.name_span.as_str(), "foo");
        // Because we use the implicit WHITESPACE rule, we have little control
        // over leading/trailing whitespaces.
        assert_eq!(function.args_span.as_str(), "a, (b) , -(c), d = (e) ");
        assert_eq!(function.args[0].span.as_str(), "a");
        assert_eq!(function.args[1].span.as_str(), "(b)");
        assert_eq!(function.args[2].span.as_str(), "-(c)");
        assert_eq!(function.keyword_args[0].name_span.as_str(), "d");
        assert_eq!(function.keyword_args[0].value.span.as_str(), "(e)");
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_method_call_syntax() -> TestResult {
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("x.f().g()"),
            parse_normalized("(x.f()).g()"),
        );

        // Expression span
        assert_eq!(parse_template(" x.f() ")?.span.as_str(), "x.f()");
        assert_eq!(parse_template(" x.f().g() ")?.span.as_str(), "x.f().g()",);
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_lambda_syntax() -> TestResult {
        fn unwrap_lambda(node: ExpressionNode<'_>) -> Box<LambdaNode<'_>> {
            match node.kind {
                ExpressionKind::Lambda(lambda) => lambda,
                _ => panic!("unexpected expression: {node:?}"),
            }
        }

        let lambda = unwrap_lambda(parse_template("|| a")?);
        assert_eq!(lambda.params.len(), 0);
        assert_eq!(lambda.body.kind, ExpressionKind::Identifier("a"));
        let lambda = unwrap_lambda(parse_template("|foo| a")?);
        assert_eq!(lambda.params.len(), 1);
        let lambda = unwrap_lambda(parse_template("|foo, b| a")?);
        assert_eq!(lambda.params.len(), 2);

        // No body
        assert!(parse_template("||").is_err());

        // Binding
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("||  x ++ y"),
            parse_normalized("|| (x ++ y)"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("f( || x,   || y)"),
            parse_normalized("f((|| x), (|| y))"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("||  x ++  || y"),
            parse_normalized("|| (x ++ (|| y))"),
        );

        // Lambda vs logical operator: weird, but this is type error anyway
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x||||y"), parse_normalized("x || (|| y)"));
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("||||x"), parse_normalized("|| (|| x)"));

        // Trailing comma
        assert!(parse_template("|,| a").is_err());
        assert!(parse_template("|x,| a").is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template("|x , | a").is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template("|,x| a").is_err());
        assert!(parse_template("| x,y,| a").is_ok());
        assert!(parse_template("|x,,y| a").is_err());

        // Formal parameter can't be redefined
        assert_eq!(
            parse_template("|x, x| a").unwrap_err().kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::RedefinedFunctionParameter
        );

        // Boolean literal cannot be used as a parameter name
        assert!(parse_template("|false| a").is_err());
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_keyword_literal() {
        assert_eq!(parse_into_kind("false"), Ok(ExpressionKind::Boolean(false)));
        assert_eq!(parse_into_kind("(true)"), Ok(ExpressionKind::Boolean(true)));
        // Keyword literals are case sensitive
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind("False"),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::Identifier("False")),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind("tRue"),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::Identifier("tRue")),
        );
        // Keyword cannot be used as pattern or function name
        assert_matches!(
            parse_into_kind("false:'x'"),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::Expression(_))
        );
        assert_matches!(
            parse_into_kind("true()"),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::Expression(_))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_string_literal() {
        // Whitespace in string literal should be preserved
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#" " " "#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String(" ".to_owned())),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#" ' ' "#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String(" ".to_owned())),
        );

        // "\<char>" escapes
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#" "\t\r\n\"\\\0\e" "#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String("\t\r\n\"\\\0\u{1b}".to_owned())),
        );

        // Invalid "\<char>" escape
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#" "\y" "#),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError),
        );

        // Single-quoted raw string
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#" '' "#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String("".to_owned())),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#" 'a\n' "#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String(r"a\n".to_owned())),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#" '\' "#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String(r"\".to_owned())),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#" '"' "#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String(r#"""#.to_owned())),
        );

        // Hex bytes
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#""\x61\x65\x69\x6f\x75""#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String("aeiou".to_owned())),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#""\xe0\xe8\xec\xf0\xf9""#),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::String("àèìðù".to_owned())),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#""\x""#),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#""\xf""#),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(r#""\xgg""#),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError),
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pattern() -> TestResult {
        fn unwrap_pattern(kind: ExpressionKind<'_>) -> (&str, ExpressionKind<'_>) {
            match kind {
                ExpressionKind::Pattern(pattern) => (pattern.name, pattern.value.kind),
                _ => panic!("unexpected expression: {kind:?}"),
            }
        }

        assert_eq!(
            unwrap_pattern(parse_into_kind(r#"regex:"meow""#)?),
            ("regex", ExpressionKind::String("meow".to_owned()))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            unwrap_pattern(parse_into_kind(r#"regex:'\r\n'"#)?),
            ("regex", ExpressionKind::String(r#"\r\n"#.to_owned()))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            unwrap_pattern(parse_into_kind(r#"regex-i:'\r\n'"#)?),
            ("regex-i", ExpressionKind::String(r#"\r\n"#.to_owned()))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            unwrap_pattern(parse_into_kind("regex:meow")?),
            ("regex", ExpressionKind::Identifier("meow"))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            unwrap_pattern(parse_into_kind("regex:false")?),
            ("regex", ExpressionKind::Boolean(false))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            unwrap_pattern(parse_into_kind("regex:0")?),
            ("regex", ExpressionKind::Integer(0))
        );

        // Whitespace isn't allowed in between
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind("regex: 'with spaces'"),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError),
            "no spaces after"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind("regex :'with spaces'"),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError),
            "no spaces before either"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind("regex : 'with spaces'"),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError),
            "certainly not both"
        );
        // Whitespace is allowed in parenthesized value expression
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("exact:( 'foo' )"),
            parse_normalized("exact:'foo'"),
        );

        // Functions and method calls are allowed
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:f(y)"), parse_normalized("x:(f(y))"));
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:y.f(z)"), parse_normalized("x:(y.f(z))"));
        // Negation operations are also allowed
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:-y"), parse_normalized("x:(-y)"));
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:!y"), parse_normalized("x:(!y)"));
        // Other operators have lower binding strength
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:y*z"), parse_normalized("(x:y)*(z)"));
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:y++z"), parse_normalized("(x:y)++(z)"));

        // Pattern prefix is like (type)x cast, so is evaluated from right
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:y:z"), parse_normalized("x:(y:z)"));
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:y:-z"), parse_normalized("x:(y:(-z))"));
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("x:-y:z"), parse_normalized("x:(-(y:z))"));
        assert_eq!(parse_normalized("!x:y:z"), parse_normalized("!(x:(y:z))"));

        // Pattern names with dash
        assert_eq!(
            unwrap_pattern(parse_into_kind("x-y:z")?),
            ("x-y", ExpressionKind::Identifier("z"))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("x+y-z:a"),
            parse_normalized("(x)+(y-z:(a))")
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_normalized("x-y+z:a"),
            parse_normalized("((x)-(y))+(z:(a))")
        );
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_integer_literal() {
        assert_eq!(parse_into_kind("0"), Ok(ExpressionKind::Integer(0)));
        assert_eq!(parse_into_kind("(42)"), Ok(ExpressionKind::Integer(42)));
        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind("00"),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::SyntaxError),
        );

        assert_eq!(
            parse_into_kind(&format!("{}", i64::MAX)),
            Ok(ExpressionKind::Integer(i64::MAX)),
        );
        assert_matches!(
            parse_into_kind(&format!("{}", (i64::MAX as u64) + 1)),
            Err(TemplateParseErrorKind::Expression(_))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_alias_decl() -> TestResult {
        let mut aliases_map = TemplateAliasesMap::new();
        aliases_map.insert("sym", r#""is symbol""#)?;
        aliases_map.insert("pat:a", r#""is pattern a""#)?;
        aliases_map.insert("pat:b", r#""is pattern b""#)?;
        aliases_map.insert("func()", r#""is function 0""#)?;
        aliases_map.insert("func(a, b)", r#""is function 2""#)?;
        aliases_map.insert("func(a)", r#""is function a""#)?;
        aliases_map.insert("func(b)", r#""is function b""#)?;

        let (id, defn) = aliases_map.get_symbol("sym").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(id, AliasId::Symbol("sym"));
        assert_eq!(defn, r#""is symbol""#);

        let (id, param, defn) = aliases_map.get_pattern("pat").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(id, AliasId::Pattern("pat", "b"));
        assert_eq!(param, "b");
        assert_eq!(defn, r#""is pattern b""#);

        let (id, params, defn) = aliases_map.get_function("func", 0).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(id, AliasId::Function("func", &[]));
        assert!(params.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(defn, r#""is function 0""#);

        let (id, params, defn) = aliases_map.get_function("func", 1).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(id, AliasId::Function("func", &["b".to_owned()]));
        assert_eq!(params, ["b"]);
        assert_eq!(defn, r#""is function b""#);

        let (id, params, defn) = aliases_map.get_function("func", 2).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            id,
            AliasId::Function("func", &["a".to_owned(), "b".to_owned()])
        );
        assert_eq!(params, ["a", "b"]);
        assert_eq!(defn, r#""is function 2""#);

        assert!(aliases_map.get_function("func", 3).is_none());

        // Formal parameter 'a' can't be redefined
        assert_eq!(
            aliases_map.insert("f(a, a)", r#""""#).unwrap_err().kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::RedefinedFunctionParameter
        );

        // Boolean literal cannot be used as a symbol, pattern, function, or
        // parameter name
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("false", r#"""#).is_err());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("false:x", r#"""#).is_err());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("p:true", r#"""#).is_err());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("true()", r#"""#).is_err());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("f(false)", r#"""#).is_err());

        // Trailing comma isn't allowed for empty parameter
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("f(,)", r#"""#).is_err());
        // Trailing comma is allowed for the last parameter
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("g(a,)", r#"""#).is_ok());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("h(a ,  )", r#"""#).is_ok());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("i(,a)", r#"""#).is_err());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("j(a,,)", r#"""#).is_err());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("k(a  , , )", r#"""#).is_err());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("l(a,b,)", r#"""#).is_ok());
        assert!(aliases_map.insert("m(a,,b)", r#"""#).is_err());
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expand_symbol_alias() {
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("AB", "a ++ b")]).parse_normalized("AB ++ c"),
            parse_normalized("(a ++ b) ++ c"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("AB", "a ++ b")]).parse_normalized("if(AB, label(c, AB))"),
            parse_normalized("if((a ++ b), label(c, (a ++ b)))"),
        );

        // Kind of string pattern should not be substituted, which is similar to
        // function name.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "'a'")]).parse_normalized("A:b"),
            parse_normalized("A:b")
        );

        // Value of string pattern can be substituted if it's an identifier.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "'a'")]).parse_normalized("exact:A"),
            parse_normalized("exact:'a'")
        );
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "'a'")]).parse_normalized("exact:'A'"),
            parse_normalized("exact:'A'")
        );

        // Multi-level substitution.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "BC"), ("BC", "b ++ C"), ("C", "c")]).parse_normalized("A"),
            parse_normalized("b ++ c"),
        );

        // Operator expression can be expanded in concatenation.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("AB", "a || b")]).parse_normalized("AB ++ c"),
            parse_normalized("(a || b) ++ c"),
        );

        // Operands should be expanded.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "a"), ("B", "b")]).parse_normalized("A || !B"),
            parse_normalized("a || !b"),
        );

        // Method receiver and arguments should be expanded.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "a")]).parse_normalized("A.f()"),
            parse_normalized("a.f()"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "a"), ("B", "b")]).parse_normalized("x.f(A, B)"),
            parse_normalized("x.f(a, b)"),
        );

        // Lambda expression body should be expanded.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "a")]).parse_normalized("|| A"),
            parse_normalized("|| a"),
        );
        // No matter if 'A' is a formal parameter. Alias substitution isn't scoped.
        // If we don't like this behavior, maybe we can turn off alias substitution
        // for lambda parameters.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "a ++ b")]).parse_normalized("|A| A"),
            parse_normalized("|A| (a ++ b)"),
        );

        // Infinite recursion, where the top-level error isn't of RecursiveAlias kind.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "A")]).parse("A").unwrap_err().kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InAliasExpansion("A".to_owned()),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "B"), ("B", "b ++ C"), ("C", "c ++ B")])
                .parse("A")
                .unwrap_err()
                .kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InAliasExpansion("A".to_owned()),
        );

        // Error in alias definition.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A", "a(")]).parse("A").unwrap_err().kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InAliasExpansion("A".to_owned()),
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expand_pattern_alias() {
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("P:x", "x")]).parse_normalized("P:a"),
            parse_normalized("a")
        );

        // Argument should be resolved in the current scope.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("P:x", "x ++ a")]).parse_normalized("P:x"),
            parse_normalized("x ++ a")
        );
        // P:a -> if(Q:a, y) -> if((x ++ a), y)
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("P:x", "if(Q:x, y)"), ("Q:y", "x ++ y")]).parse_normalized("P:a"),
            parse_normalized("if((x ++ a), y)")
        );

        // Pattern parameter should precede the symbol alias.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("P:X", "X"), ("X", "x")]).parse_normalized("P:a ++ X"),
            parse_normalized("a ++ x")
        );

        // Pattern parameter shouldn't be expanded in symbol alias.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("P:x", "x ++ A"), ("A", "x")]).parse_normalized("P:a"),
            parse_normalized("a ++ x")
        );

        // Pattern and symbol aliases reside in separate namespaces.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A:x", "A"), ("A", "a")]).parse_normalized("A:x"),
            parse_normalized("a")
        );

        // Formal parameter shouldn't be substituted by alias parameter, but
        // the expression should be substituted.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("P:x", "|x| x")]).parse_normalized("P:a"),
            parse_normalized("|x| a"),
        );

        // Infinite recursion, where the top-level error isn't of RecursiveAlias kind.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("P:x", "Q:x"), ("Q:x", "R:x"), ("R:x", "P:x")])
                .parse("P:a")
                .unwrap_err()
                .kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InAliasExpansion("P:x".to_owned())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expand_function_alias() {
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(  )", "a")]).parse_normalized("F()"),
            parse_normalized("a"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F( x )", "x")]).parse_normalized("F(a)"),
            parse_normalized("a"),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F( x, y )", "x ++ y")]).parse_normalized("F(a, b)"),
            parse_normalized("a ++ b"),
        );

        // Not recursion because functions are overloaded by arity.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(x)", "F(x,b)"), ("F(x,y)", "x ++ y")]).parse_normalized("F(a)"),
            parse_normalized("a ++ b")
        );

        // Arguments should be resolved in the current scope.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(x,y)", "if(x, y)")]).parse_normalized("F(a ++ y, b ++ x)"),
            parse_normalized("if((a ++ y), (b ++ x))"),
        );
        // F(a) -> if(G(a), y) -> if((x ++ a), y)
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(x)", "if(G(x), y)"), ("G(y)", "x ++ y")]).parse_normalized("F(a)"),
            parse_normalized("if((x ++ a), y)"),
        );
        // F(G(a)) -> F(x ++ a) -> if(G(x ++ a), y) -> if((x ++ (x ++ a)), y)
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(x)", "if(G(x), y)"), ("G(y)", "x ++ y")]).parse_normalized("F(G(a))"),
            parse_normalized("if((x ++ (x ++ a)), y)"),
        );

        // Function parameter should precede the symbol alias.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(X)", "X"), ("X", "x")]).parse_normalized("F(a) ++ X"),
            parse_normalized("a ++ x"),
        );

        // Function parameter shouldn't be expanded in symbol alias.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(x)", "x ++ A"), ("A", "x")]).parse_normalized("F(a)"),
            parse_normalized("a ++ x"),
        );

        // Function and symbol aliases reside in separate namespaces.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("A()", "A"), ("A", "a")]).parse_normalized("A()"),
            parse_normalized("a"),
        );

        // Method call shouldn't be substituted by function alias.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F()", "f()")]).parse_normalized("x.F()"),
            parse_normalized("x.F()"),
        );

        // Formal parameter shouldn't be substituted by alias parameter, but
        // the expression should be substituted.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(x)", "|x| x")]).parse_normalized("F(a ++ b)"),
            parse_normalized("|x| (a ++ b)"),
        );

        // Invalid number of arguments.
        assert_matches!(
            with_aliases([("F()", "x")]).parse("F(a)").unwrap_err().kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InvalidArguments { .. }
        );
        assert_matches!(
            with_aliases([("F(x)", "x")]).parse("F()").unwrap_err().kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InvalidArguments { .. }
        );
        assert_matches!(
            with_aliases([("F(x,y)", "x ++ y")])
                .parse("F(a,b,c)")
                .unwrap_err()
                .kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InvalidArguments { .. }
        );

        // Infinite recursion, where the top-level error isn't of RecursiveAlias kind.
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(x)", "G(x)"), ("G(x)", "H(x)"), ("H(x)", "F(x)")])
                .parse("F(a)")
                .unwrap_err()
                .kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InAliasExpansion("F(x)".to_owned()),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            with_aliases([("F(x)", "F(x,b)"), ("F(x,y)", "F(x|y)")])
                .parse("F(a)")
                .unwrap_err()
                .kind,
            TemplateParseErrorKind::InAliasExpansion("F(x)".to_owned())
        );
    }
}