ios-core 0.1.5

High-level device API, pairing transport, and discovery for iOS devices
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
//! RSD (Remote Service Discovery) client for iOS 17+.
//!
//! Protocol:
//! 1. TCP connect to [server_address]:58783
//! 2. Raw HTTP/2 handshake (preface + SETTINGS exchange)
//! 3. Read XPC handshake message on clientServer stream (stream 1)
//!    containing UDID + Services
//!
//! The device sends the handshake immediately after the H2 SETTINGS exchange;
//! do not send the usual XPC initialization sequence on the RSD port.
//!
//! Reference: go-ios/ios/rsd.go + go-ios/ios/http/http.go

use std::collections::HashMap;
#[cfg(feature = "mdns")]
use std::net::{Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr};

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
use bytes::Bytes;
#[cfg(feature = "mdns")]
use tokio::net::TcpStream;

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
use crate::xpc::h2_raw::H2Framer;
#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
use crate::xpc::message::{decode_message, flags, XpcMessage, XpcValue};
#[cfg(any(feature = "tunnel", feature = "mdns"))]
use crate::xpc::XpcError;

pub const RSD_PORT: u16 = 58783;

/// A discovered iOS 17+ service.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ServiceDescriptor {
    pub port: u16,
}

/// Result of the RSD handshake.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct RsdHandshake {
    pub udid: String,
    pub services: HashMap<String, ServiceDescriptor>,
}

impl RsdHandshake {
    /// Look up a service port, with automatic `.shim.remote` fallback.
    pub fn get_port(&self, service: &str) -> Option<u16> {
        if let Some(s) = self.services.get(service) {
            return Some(s.port);
        }
        let shim = format!("{service}.shim.remote");
        self.services.get(&shim).map(|s| s.port)
    }
}

/// Perform an RSD handshake with an iOS 17+ device.
///
/// `addr` is the device's tunnel IPv6 address (from CDTunnel handshake).
#[cfg(feature = "mdns")]
pub async fn handshake(addr: Ipv6Addr, port: u16) -> Result<RsdHandshake, XpcError> {
    let sock_addr = SocketAddr::new(addr.into(), port);
    let stream = TcpStream::connect(sock_addr).await?;
    let mut framer = H2Framer::connect(stream)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("H2: {e}")))?;

    read_rsd_handshake(&mut framer).await
}

/// Perform an RSD handshake on an already-connected H2 framer.
/// Used by ios-core's `attempt_rsd_via_proxy`.
#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
pub async fn handshake_on_framer<S>(framer: &mut H2Framer<S>) -> Result<RsdHandshake, XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    read_rsd_handshake(framer).await
}

/// Initialize the XPC connection using go-ios's 3-message bootstrap.
///
/// Some devices appear to withhold the RSD handshake until these stream
/// bootstrapping messages have been exchanged.
#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
pub async fn initialize_xpc_connection_on_framer<S>(
    framer: &mut H2Framer<S>,
) -> Result<(), XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    use crate::xpc::message::{encode_message, flags, XpcMessage, XpcValue};

    let msg1 = encode_message(&XpcMessage {
        flags: flags::ALWAYS_SET,
        msg_id: 0,
        body: Some(XpcValue::Dictionary(indexmap::IndexMap::new())),
    })?;
    framer
        .write_client_server(&msg1)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("xpc init write 1: {e}")))?;
    discard_xpc_on_client_server(framer).await?;

    let msg2 = encode_message(&XpcMessage {
        flags: flags::INIT_HANDSHAKE | flags::ALWAYS_SET,
        msg_id: 0,
        body: None,
    })?;
    framer
        .write_server_client(&msg2)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("xpc init write 2: {e}")))?;
    discard_xpc_on_server_client(framer).await?;

    let msg3 = encode_message(&XpcMessage {
        flags: flags::ALWAYS_SET | 0x200,
        msg_id: 0,
        body: None,
    })?;
    framer
        .write_client_server(&msg3)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("xpc init write 3: {e}")))?;
    discard_xpc_on_client_server(framer).await?;

    Ok(())
}

/// Queue the minimal RemoteXPC bootstrap used by pymobiledevice3 before it
/// reads the first RSD handshake message from stream 1.
#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
pub async fn queue_rsd_handshake_bootstrap_on_framer<S>(
    framer: &mut H2Framer<S>,
) -> Result<(), XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    use crate::xpc::message::{encode_message, flags, XpcMessage, XpcValue};

    let msg1 = encode_message(&XpcMessage {
        flags: flags::ALWAYS_SET,
        msg_id: 0,
        body: Some(XpcValue::Dictionary(indexmap::IndexMap::new())),
    })?;
    framer
        .write_client_server(&msg1)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("rsd bootstrap write 1: {e}")))?;

    let msg2 = encode_message(&XpcMessage {
        flags: flags::ALWAYS_SET | 0x200,
        msg_id: 0,
        body: None,
    })?;
    framer
        .write_client_server(&msg2)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("rsd bootstrap write 2: {e}")))?;

    let msg3 = encode_message(&XpcMessage {
        flags: flags::INIT_HANDSHAKE | flags::ALWAYS_SET,
        msg_id: 0,
        body: None,
    })?;
    framer
        .write_server_client(&msg3)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("rsd bootstrap write 3: {e}")))?;

    Ok(())
}

/// Read the RSD handshake message from clientServer stream (stream 1).
///
/// The device sends the handshake immediately after the H2 connection is
/// established — no XPC initialization is needed on the RSD port.
/// go-ios reads this via `ReceiveOnClientServerStream()` (rsd.go:208).
#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
async fn read_rsd_handshake<S>(framer: &mut H2Framer<S>) -> Result<RsdHandshake, XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    let mut last_err = None;
    for _ in 0..6 {
        let msg = read_xpc_on_client_server(framer).await?;
        match parse_handshake_message(msg) {
            Ok(handshake) => return Ok(handshake),
            Err(err) => {
                tracing::debug!("RSD: skipping non-handshake stream-1 message: {err}");
                last_err = Some(err);
            }
        }
    }
    Err(last_err.unwrap_or_else(|| XpcError::Tls("RSD: no handshake message received".into())))
}

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
async fn read_xpc_on_client_server<S>(framer: &mut H2Framer<S>) -> Result<XpcMessage, XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    let (header, body) = read_raw_xpc_on_client_server(framer).await?;
    let mut full = bytes::BytesMut::new();
    full.extend_from_slice(&header);
    full.extend_from_slice(&body);
    decode_message(full.freeze())
}

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
async fn discard_xpc_on_client_server<S>(framer: &mut H2Framer<S>) -> Result<(), XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    let _ = read_raw_xpc_on_client_server(framer).await?;
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
async fn discard_xpc_on_server_client<S>(framer: &mut H2Framer<S>) -> Result<(), XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    let _ = read_raw_xpc_on_server_client(framer).await?;
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
async fn read_raw_xpc_on_client_server<S>(
    framer: &mut H2Framer<S>,
) -> Result<(Bytes, Bytes), XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    let header = framer
        .read_client_server(24)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("read header: {e}")))?;
    let body_len = u64::from_le_bytes(
        header[8..16]
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| XpcError::Tls("bad header".into()))?,
    ) as usize;
    let body = if body_len > 0 {
        framer
            .read_client_server(body_len)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("read body: {e}")))?
    } else {
        Bytes::new()
    };
    Ok((header, body))
}

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
async fn read_raw_xpc_on_server_client<S>(
    framer: &mut H2Framer<S>,
) -> Result<(Bytes, Bytes), XpcError>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
{
    let header = framer
        .read_server_client(24)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("read header: {e}")))?;
    let body_len = u64::from_le_bytes(
        header[8..16]
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| XpcError::Tls("bad header".into()))?,
    ) as usize;
    let body = if body_len > 0 {
        framer
            .read_server_client(body_len)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(format!("read body: {e}")))?
    } else {
        Bytes::new()
    };
    Ok((header, body))
}

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
fn parse_handshake_message(msg: XpcMessage) -> Result<RsdHandshake, XpcError> {
    let dict = msg
        .body
        .as_ref()
        .and_then(|b| b.as_dict())
        .ok_or_else(|| XpcError::Tls("RSD: expected XPC dict body".into()))?;
    let message_type = dict
        .get("MessageType")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
        .ok_or_else(|| XpcError::Tls("RSD: missing Handshake MessageType".into()))?;
    if message_type != "Handshake" {
        return Err(XpcError::Tls(format!(
            "RSD: unexpected MessageType {message_type:?}"
        )));
    }
    // UDID
    let udid = dict
        .get("Properties")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_dict())
        .and_then(|d| d.get("UniqueDeviceID"))
        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
        .ok_or_else(|| XpcError::Tls("RSD: missing UniqueDeviceID".into()))?
        .to_string();

    // Services
    let mut services = HashMap::new();
    match dict.get("Services") {
        Some(XpcValue::Dictionary(svc_map)) => {
            tracing::debug!(
                "RSD handshake for {} exposed {} services",
                udid,
                svc_map.len()
            );
            for (name, svc_val) in svc_map {
                if let Some(svc_dict) = svc_val.as_dict() {
                    // Port can be a String or Uint64
                    let port = svc_dict.get("Port").and_then(|p| match p {
                        XpcValue::String(s) => s.parse::<u16>().ok(),
                        XpcValue::Uint64(n) => Some(*n as u16),
                        _ => None,
                    });
                    if let Some(port) = port {
                        services.insert(name.clone(), ServiceDescriptor { port });
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Some(other) => {
            tracing::debug!("RSD Services has unexpected type: {:?}", other);
        }
        None => {
            tracing::debug!("RSD handshake missing Services key");
        }
    }

    Ok(RsdHandshake { udid, services })
}

/// A live XPC connection to an iOS 17+ service.
#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
pub struct XpcConnection<S> {
    framer: H2Framer<S>,
    msg_id: u64,
}

#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
impl<S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin> XpcConnection<S> {
    pub fn new(framer: H2Framer<S>) -> Self {
        Self { framer, msg_id: 1 }
    }

    fn next_id(&mut self) -> u64 {
        let id = self.msg_id;
        self.msg_id += 1;
        id
    }

    /// Send a dictionary as an XPC message on the clientServer stream.
    pub async fn send(&mut self, body: XpcValue) -> Result<(), XpcError> {
        self.send_with_flags(body, 0).await
    }

    /// Send a dictionary as an XPC message on the clientServer stream with
    /// additional wrapper flags.
    pub async fn send_with_flags(
        &mut self,
        body: XpcValue,
        extra_flags: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), XpcError> {
        let id = self.next_id();
        let msg = XpcMessage {
            flags: flags::ALWAYS_SET | flags::DATA | extra_flags,
            msg_id: id,
            body: Some(body),
        };
        let bytes = crate::xpc::message::encode_message(&msg)?;
        self.framer
            .write_client_server(&bytes)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(e.to_string()))
    }

    /// Receive one XPC message from the serverClient stream.
    pub async fn recv(&mut self) -> Result<XpcMessage, XpcError> {
        let header = self
            .framer
            .read_server_client(24)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(e.to_string()))?;
        let body_len = u64::from_le_bytes(
            header[8..16]
                .try_into()
                .map_err(|_| XpcError::Tls("invalid header bytes".into()))?,
        ) as usize;
        let body = if body_len > 0 {
            self.framer
                .read_server_client(body_len)
                .await
                .map_err(|e| XpcError::Tls(e.to_string()))?
        } else {
            Bytes::new()
        };
        let mut full = bytes::BytesMut::new();
        full.extend_from_slice(&header);
        full.extend_from_slice(&body);
        decode_message(full.freeze())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
#[cfg(feature = "tunnel")]
mod tests {
    use bytes::Bytes;
    use indexmap::IndexMap;
    use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
    use tokio::time::{timeout, Duration};

    use super::*;
    use crate::xpc::message::{encode_message, flags, XpcMessage, XpcValue};

    const FRAME_DATA: u8 = 0x00;
    const FRAME_HEADERS: u8 = 0x01;
    const FRAME_SETTINGS: u8 = 0x04;
    const FLAG_END_HEADERS: u8 = 0x04;
    const FLAG_SETTINGS_ACK: u8 = 0x01;
    const STREAM_INIT: u32 = 0;
    const STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER: u32 = 1;
    const STREAM_SERVER_CLIENT: u32 = 3;

    fn build_frame(frame_type: u8, flags: u8, stream_id: u32, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let len = payload.len();
        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(9 + len);
        out.push(((len >> 16) & 0xFF) as u8);
        out.push(((len >> 8) & 0xFF) as u8);
        out.push((len & 0xFF) as u8);
        out.push(frame_type);
        out.push(flags);
        out.extend_from_slice(&(stream_id & 0x7FFF_FFFF).to_be_bytes());
        out.extend_from_slice(payload);
        out
    }

    fn settings_frame() -> Vec<u8> {
        build_frame(FRAME_SETTINGS, 0, STREAM_INIT, &[])
    }

    fn settings_ack_frame() -> Vec<u8> {
        build_frame(FRAME_SETTINGS, FLAG_SETTINGS_ACK, STREAM_INIT, &[])
    }

    fn headers_frame(stream_id: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
        build_frame(FRAME_HEADERS, FLAG_END_HEADERS, stream_id, &[])
    }

    fn data_frame(stream_id: u32, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        build_frame(FRAME_DATA, 0, stream_id, payload)
    }

    fn sample_handshake_xpc_message(message_type: Option<&str>) -> XpcMessage {
        let mut properties = IndexMap::new();
        properties.insert(
            "UniqueDeviceID".to_string(),
            XpcValue::String("00008150-00013DD00104401C".into()),
        );

        let mut service = IndexMap::new();
        service.insert("Port".to_string(), XpcValue::String("12345".into()));

        let mut services = IndexMap::new();
        services.insert(
            "com.apple.instruments.dtservicehub".to_string(),
            XpcValue::Dictionary(service),
        );

        let mut body = IndexMap::new();
        if let Some(message_type) = message_type {
            body.insert(
                "MessageType".to_string(),
                XpcValue::String(message_type.into()),
            );
        }
        body.insert("Properties".to_string(), XpcValue::Dictionary(properties));
        body.insert("Services".to_string(), XpcValue::Dictionary(services));

        XpcMessage {
            flags: flags::ALWAYS_SET | flags::DATA,
            msg_id: 0,
            body: Some(XpcValue::Dictionary(body)),
        }
    }

    fn sample_handshake_message() -> Bytes {
        encode_message(&sample_handshake_xpc_message(Some("Handshake")))
            .expect("synthetic RSD message should encode")
    }

    #[test]
    fn parse_handshake_message_rejects_missing_or_wrong_message_type() {
        let missing = parse_handshake_message(sample_handshake_xpc_message(None));
        assert!(missing.is_err());

        let wrong = parse_handshake_message(sample_handshake_xpc_message(Some("NotHandshake")));
        assert!(wrong.is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn parse_handshake_message_accepts_valid_handshake() {
        let handshake =
            parse_handshake_message(sample_handshake_xpc_message(Some("Handshake"))).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(handshake.udid, "00008150-00013DD00104401C");
        assert_eq!(
            handshake.get_port("com.apple.instruments.dtservicehub"),
            Some(12345)
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn handshake_on_framer_reads_stream_1_without_xpc_init() {
        let (client, mut server) = tokio::io::duplex(4096);

        let server_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
            let mut preface = [0u8; 24];
            server.read_exact(&mut preface).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(&preface, crate::xpc::h2_raw::H2_PREFACE);

            let mut settings = [0u8; 21];
            server.read_exact(&mut settings).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(settings[3], FRAME_SETTINGS);

            let mut window_update = [0u8; 13];
            server.read_exact(&mut window_update).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(window_update[3], 0x08);

            server.write_all(&settings_frame()).await.unwrap();
            server.flush().await.unwrap();

            let mut ack = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut ack).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(ack, settings_ack_frame().as_slice());

            // The RSD port should not receive the usual XPC init traffic.
            assert!(timeout(Duration::from_millis(100), async {
                let mut extra = [0u8; 1];
                server.read_exact(&mut extra).await
            })
            .await
            .is_err());

            server
                .write_all(&headers_frame(STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER))
                .await
                .unwrap();
            server
                .write_all(&headers_frame(STREAM_SERVER_CLIENT))
                .await
                .unwrap();
            server
                .write_all(&data_frame(
                    STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER,
                    &sample_handshake_message(),
                ))
                .await
                .unwrap();
            server.flush().await.unwrap();
        });

        let mut framer = H2Framer::connect(client).await.unwrap();
        let handshake = timeout(Duration::from_secs(1), handshake_on_framer(&mut framer))
            .await
            .expect("handshake timed out")
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(handshake.udid, "00008150-00013DD00104401C");
        assert_eq!(
            handshake.get_port("com.apple.instruments.dtservicehub"),
            Some(12345)
        );

        server_task.await.unwrap();
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn initialize_xpc_connection_consumes_step_responses_in_reference_order() {
        let (client, mut server) = tokio::io::duplex(4096);

        let empty = encode_message(&XpcMessage {
            flags: flags::ALWAYS_SET,
            msg_id: 0,
            body: None,
        })
        .unwrap();

        let server_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
            let mut preface = [0u8; 24];
            server.read_exact(&mut preface).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(&preface, crate::xpc::h2_raw::H2_PREFACE);

            let mut settings = [0u8; 21];
            server.read_exact(&mut settings).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(settings[3], FRAME_SETTINGS);

            let mut window_update = [0u8; 13];
            server.read_exact(&mut window_update).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(window_update[3], 0x08);

            server.write_all(&settings_frame()).await.unwrap();
            server.flush().await.unwrap();

            let mut ack = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut ack).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(ack, settings_ack_frame().as_slice());

            let mut cs_headers = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_headers).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(cs_headers, headers_frame(STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER).as_slice());

            let mut cs_msg1_header = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_msg1_header).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(cs_msg1_header[3], FRAME_DATA);
            assert_eq!(
                u32::from_be_bytes([
                    cs_msg1_header[5] & 0x7F,
                    cs_msg1_header[6],
                    cs_msg1_header[7],
                    cs_msg1_header[8]
                ]),
                STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER
            );
            let msg1_len = ((cs_msg1_header[0] as usize) << 16)
                | ((cs_msg1_header[1] as usize) << 8)
                | (cs_msg1_header[2] as usize);
            let mut cs_msg1 = vec![0u8; msg1_len];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_msg1).await.unwrap();

            server
                .write_all(&data_frame(STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER, &empty))
                .await
                .unwrap();
            server.flush().await.unwrap();

            let mut sc_headers = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut sc_headers).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(sc_headers, headers_frame(STREAM_SERVER_CLIENT).as_slice());

            let mut sc_msg2_header = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut sc_msg2_header).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(sc_msg2_header[3], FRAME_DATA);
            assert_eq!(
                u32::from_be_bytes([
                    sc_msg2_header[5] & 0x7F,
                    sc_msg2_header[6],
                    sc_msg2_header[7],
                    sc_msg2_header[8]
                ]),
                STREAM_SERVER_CLIENT
            );
            let msg2_len = ((sc_msg2_header[0] as usize) << 16)
                | ((sc_msg2_header[1] as usize) << 8)
                | (sc_msg2_header[2] as usize);
            let mut sc_msg2 = vec![0u8; msg2_len];
            server.read_exact(&mut sc_msg2).await.unwrap();

            server
                .write_all(&data_frame(STREAM_SERVER_CLIENT, &empty))
                .await
                .unwrap();
            server.flush().await.unwrap();

            let mut cs_msg3_header = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_msg3_header).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(cs_msg3_header[3], FRAME_DATA);
            assert_eq!(
                u32::from_be_bytes([
                    cs_msg3_header[5] & 0x7F,
                    cs_msg3_header[6],
                    cs_msg3_header[7],
                    cs_msg3_header[8]
                ]),
                STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER
            );
            let msg3_len = ((cs_msg3_header[0] as usize) << 16)
                | ((cs_msg3_header[1] as usize) << 8)
                | (cs_msg3_header[2] as usize);
            let mut cs_msg3 = vec![0u8; msg3_len];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_msg3).await.unwrap();

            server
                .write_all(&data_frame(STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER, &empty))
                .await
                .unwrap();
            server.flush().await.unwrap();
        });

        let mut framer = H2Framer::connect(client).await.unwrap();
        timeout(
            Duration::from_secs(1),
            initialize_xpc_connection_on_framer(&mut framer),
        )
        .await
        .expect("bootstrap timed out")
        .unwrap();

        server_task.await.unwrap();
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn queue_rsd_handshake_bootstrap_matches_pymobiledevice3_order() {
        let (client, mut server) = tokio::io::duplex(4096);

        let server_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
            let mut preface = [0u8; 24];
            server.read_exact(&mut preface).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(&preface, crate::xpc::h2_raw::H2_PREFACE);

            let mut settings = [0u8; 21];
            server.read_exact(&mut settings).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(settings[3], FRAME_SETTINGS);

            let mut window_update = [0u8; 13];
            server.read_exact(&mut window_update).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(window_update[3], 0x08);

            server.write_all(&settings_frame()).await.unwrap();
            server.flush().await.unwrap();

            let mut ack = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut ack).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(ack, settings_ack_frame().as_slice());

            let mut cs_headers = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_headers).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(cs_headers, headers_frame(STREAM_CLIENT_SERVER).as_slice());

            let mut cs_msg1_header = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_msg1_header).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(cs_msg1_header[3], FRAME_DATA);
            let cs_msg1_len = ((cs_msg1_header[0] as usize) << 16)
                | ((cs_msg1_header[1] as usize) << 8)
                | (cs_msg1_header[2] as usize);
            let mut cs_msg1 = vec![0u8; cs_msg1_len];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_msg1).await.unwrap();
            let decoded1 = decode_message(Bytes::from(cs_msg1)).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(decoded1.flags, flags::ALWAYS_SET);
            assert_eq!(
                decoded1.body,
                Some(XpcValue::Dictionary(IndexMap::<String, XpcValue>::new()))
            );

            let mut cs_msg2_header = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_msg2_header).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(cs_msg2_header[3], FRAME_DATA);
            let cs_msg2_len = ((cs_msg2_header[0] as usize) << 16)
                | ((cs_msg2_header[1] as usize) << 8)
                | (cs_msg2_header[2] as usize);
            let mut cs_msg2 = vec![0u8; cs_msg2_len];
            server.read_exact(&mut cs_msg2).await.unwrap();
            let decoded2 = decode_message(Bytes::from(cs_msg2)).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(decoded2.flags, flags::ALWAYS_SET | 0x200);
            assert!(decoded2.body.is_none());

            let mut sc_headers = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut sc_headers).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(sc_headers, headers_frame(STREAM_SERVER_CLIENT).as_slice());

            let mut sc_msg3_header = [0u8; 9];
            server.read_exact(&mut sc_msg3_header).await.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(sc_msg3_header[3], FRAME_DATA);
            let sc_msg3_len = ((sc_msg3_header[0] as usize) << 16)
                | ((sc_msg3_header[1] as usize) << 8)
                | (sc_msg3_header[2] as usize);
            let mut sc_msg3 = vec![0u8; sc_msg3_len];
            server.read_exact(&mut sc_msg3).await.unwrap();
            let decoded3 = decode_message(Bytes::from(sc_msg3)).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(decoded3.flags, flags::INIT_HANDSHAKE | flags::ALWAYS_SET);
            assert!(decoded3.body.is_none());
        });

        let mut framer = H2Framer::connect(client).await.unwrap();
        timeout(
            Duration::from_secs(1),
            queue_rsd_handshake_bootstrap_on_framer(&mut framer),
        )
        .await
        .expect("queued bootstrap timed out")
        .unwrap();

        server_task.await.unwrap();
    }
}