indicators-ta 0.1.3

Technical analysis indicators and market regime detection for algorithmic trading
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
//! Core Indicators Engine — Layers 1–4, 9–11.
//!
//! Faithful port of the Python `Indicators` class from `indicators.py`.
//!
//! Layers:
//! - **L1** VWAP (daily reset)
//! - **L2** EMA (configurable period)
//! - **L3** ML SuperTrend — KMeans-adaptive ATR multiplier
//! - **L4** Trend Speed — dynamic EMA + RMA wave tracking + HMA
//! - **L9** Awesome Oscillator + wave/momentum percentile gates
//! - **L10** Hurst exponent (R/S analysis, recomputed every 10 bars)
//! - **L11** Price acceleration (2nd derivative, normalised)

use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};

use chrono::{NaiveDate, TimeZone, Utc};

// Safely importing from your unified config file
use crate::error::IndicatorError;
use crate::indicator::{Indicator, IndicatorOutput};
use crate::indicator_config::IndicatorConfig;
use crate::registry::param_usize;
use crate::signal::vol_regime::PercentileTracker;
use crate::types::Candle;

// ── Indicator wrapper ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Batch `Indicator` adapter for [`Indicators`].
///
/// Replays candles through the full engine (L1–L4, L9–L11) and emits per-bar
/// columns for every published field.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct EngineIndicator {
    pub config: IndicatorConfig,
}

impl EngineIndicator {
    pub fn new(config: IndicatorConfig) -> Self {
        Self { config }
    }
    pub fn with_defaults() -> Self {
        Self::new(IndicatorConfig::default())
    }
}

impl Indicator for EngineIndicator {
    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "Engine"
    }
    fn required_len(&self) -> usize {
        self.config.training_period
    }
    fn required_columns(&self) -> &[&'static str] {
        &["open", "high", "low", "close", "volume"]
    }

    fn calculate(&self, candles: &[Candle]) -> Result<IndicatorOutput, IndicatorError> {
        self.check_len(candles)?;
        let mut ind = Indicators::new(self.config.clone());
        let n = candles.len();
        let mut vwap_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut ema_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut st_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut st_dir_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut ts_norm_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut ts_bullish_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut hurst_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut accel_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut ao_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        let mut dominance_out = vec![f64::NAN; n];
        for (i, c) in candles.iter().enumerate() {
            ind.update(c);
            vwap_out[i] = ind.vwap.unwrap_or(f64::NAN);
            ema_out[i] = ind.ema.unwrap_or(f64::NAN);
            st_out[i] = ind.st.unwrap_or(f64::NAN);
            st_dir_out[i] = ind.st_dir_pub as f64;
            ts_norm_out[i] = ind.ts_norm;
            ts_bullish_out[i] = if ind.ts_bullish { 1.0 } else { 0.0 };
            hurst_out[i] = ind.hurst;
            accel_out[i] = ind.price_accel;
            ao_out[i] = ind.ao;
            dominance_out[i] = ind.dominance;
        }
        Ok(IndicatorOutput::from_pairs([
            ("engine_vwap", vwap_out),
            ("engine_ema", ema_out),
            ("engine_st", st_out),
            ("engine_st_dir", st_dir_out),
            ("engine_ts_norm", ts_norm_out),
            ("engine_ts_bullish", ts_bullish_out),
            ("engine_hurst", hurst_out),
            ("engine_accel", accel_out),
            ("engine_ao", ao_out),
            ("engine_dominance", dominance_out),
        ]))
    }
}

// ── Registry factory ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

pub fn factory<S: ::std::hash::BuildHasher>(params: &HashMap<String, String, S>) -> Result<Box<dyn Indicator>, IndicatorError> {
    let training_period = param_usize(params, "training_period", 100)?;
    let ema_len = param_usize(params, "ema_len", 9)?;
    let atr_len = param_usize(params, "atr_len", 10)?;
    let config = IndicatorConfig {
        ema_len,
        atr_len,
        training_period,
        ..IndicatorConfig::default()
    };
    Ok(Box::new(EngineIndicator::new(config)))
}

// ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

#[inline]
fn rma_step(prev: Option<f64>, val: f64, len: usize) -> f64 {
    let k = 1.0 / len as f64;
    prev.map_or(val, |p| val * k + p * (1.0 - k))
}

fn wma(arr: &[f64]) -> f64 {
    if arr.is_empty() {
        return 0.0;
    }
    let n = arr.len() as f64;
    let weights_sum = n * (n + 1.0) / 2.0;
    arr.iter()
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(i, &v)| v * (i as f64 + 1.0))
        .sum::<f64>()
        / weights_sum
}

/// R/S Hurst exponent for a single window of closes.
fn hurst_scalar(closes: &[f64], max_lag: usize) -> f64 {
    let n = closes.len();
    if n < max_lag * 2 + 1 {
        return 0.5;
    }
    let mut log_lags: Vec<f64> = Vec::new();
    let mut log_rs: Vec<f64> = Vec::new();

    for lag in 2..=max_lag {
        let chunks = n / lag;
        if chunks < 1 {
            continue;
        }
        let mut rs_vals: Vec<f64> = Vec::new();
        for ci in 0..chunks {
            let chunk = &closes[ci * lag..(ci + 1) * lag];
            if chunk.len() < 2 {
                continue;
            }
            let _mean = chunk.iter().sum::<f64>() / chunk.len() as f64;
            let rets: Vec<f64> = chunk.windows(2).map(|w| w[1] - w[0]).collect();
            let ret_mean = rets.iter().sum::<f64>() / rets.len() as f64;
            let devs: Vec<f64> = {
                let mut cum = 0.0;
                rets.iter()
                    .map(|&r| {
                        cum += r - ret_mean;
                        cum
                    })
                    .collect()
            };
            let r = devs.iter().copied().fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max)
                - devs.iter().copied().fold(f64::INFINITY, f64::min);
            let ddof = rets.len() as f64 - 1.0;
            let s = if ddof > 0.0 {
                let var = rets.iter().map(|&x| (x - ret_mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / ddof;
                var.sqrt()
            } else {
                0.0
            };
            if s > 1e-12 {
                rs_vals.push(r / s);
            }
        }
        if !rs_vals.is_empty() {
            log_lags.push((lag as f64).ln());
            log_rs.push(rs_vals.iter().sum::<f64>().ln() - (rs_vals.len() as f64).ln());
        }
    }

    if log_lags.len() < 3 {
        return 0.5;
    }
    let n = log_lags.len() as f64;
    let mx = log_lags.iter().sum::<f64>() / n;
    let my = log_rs.iter().sum::<f64>() / n;
    let num: f64 = log_lags
        .iter()
        .zip(log_rs.iter())
        .map(|(&x, &y)| (x - mx) * (y - my))
        .sum();
    let den: f64 = log_lags.iter().map(|&x| (x - mx).powi(2)).sum();
    if den < 1e-12 {
        return 0.5;
    }
    (num / den).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
}

// ── Indicators ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Full indicator engine (Layers 1–4, 9–11).
///
/// Call [`Indicators::update`] once per closed candle.
/// After `training_period` candles, [`Indicators::st`] and related fields become `Some`.
pub struct Indicators {
    cfg: IndicatorConfig,
    maxlen: usize,

    pub opens: VecDeque<f64>,
    pub highs: VecDeque<f64>,
    pub lows: VecDeque<f64>,
    pub closes: VecDeque<f64>,
    pub volumes: VecDeque<f64>,
    pub times: VecDeque<i64>,
    bar: usize,

    // L1 VWAP
    vwap_vol: f64,
    vwap_tpv: f64,
    vwap_date: Option<NaiveDate>,

    // L2 EMA
    ema9: Option<f64>,

    // L3 SuperTrend
    rma_atr: Option<f64>,
    st_upper: Option<f64>,
    st_lower: Option<f64>,
    st_dir: i8,
    st_value: Option<f64>,
    kmeans_centroids: Option<[f64; 3]>,
    kmeans_last_bar: usize,

    // L4 TrendSpeed
    dyn_ema: Option<f64>,
    prev_close: Option<f64>,
    max_abs_buf: VecDeque<f64>,
    delta_buf: VecDeque<f64>,
    rma_c: Option<f64>,
    rma_o: Option<f64>,
    wave_speed: f64,
    wave_pos: i8,
    speed_norm: VecDeque<f64>,
    hma_buf: VecDeque<f64>,
    bull_waves: VecDeque<f64>,
    bear_waves: VecDeque<f64>,
    wr_tracker: PercentileTracker,
    mom_tracker: PercentileTracker,
    cur_ratio: f64,

    // L10 Hurst
    hurst_last_bar: usize,

    // L11 Price acceleration
    vel_buf: VecDeque<f64>,

    // ── Published fields ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    /// Layer 1 — intraday VWAP, resets at UTC midnight.
    pub vwap: Option<f64>,
    /// Layer 2 — EMA of configurable period.
    pub ema: Option<f64>,
    /// Layer 3 — SuperTrend line value.
    pub st: Option<f64>,
    /// Layer 3 — SuperTrend direction: `-1` = bullish (price above ST), `+1` = bearish.
    pub st_dir_pub: i8,
    /// Layer 3 — RMA ATR used for SuperTrend.
    pub atr: Option<f64>,
    /// Layer 3 — KMeans cluster index (0 = high vol, 1 = mid, 2 = low vol).
    pub cluster: usize,
    /// Layer 4 — dynamic EMA.
    pub dyn_ema_pub: Option<f64>,
    /// Layer 4 — HMA-smoothed wave speed.
    pub ts_speed: f64,
    /// Layer 4 — wave speed normalised 0–1.
    pub ts_norm: f64,
    /// Layer 4 — true when wave speed is positive.
    pub ts_bullish: bool,
    /// Layer 4 — average bull wave magnitude.
    pub bull_avg: f64,
    /// Layer 4 — average bear wave magnitude.
    pub bear_avg: f64,
    /// Layer 4 — bull_avg - |bear_avg|.
    pub dominance: f64,
    /// Layer 9 — Awesome Oscillator value.
    pub ao: f64,
    /// Layer 9 — true when AO is rising.
    pub ao_rising: bool,
    /// Layer 9 — wave ratio percentile.
    pub wr_pct: f64,
    /// Layer 9 — momentum percentile.
    pub mom_pct: f64,
    pub wave_ok_long: bool,
    pub wave_ok_short: bool,
    pub mom_ok_long: bool,
    pub mom_ok_short: bool,
    /// Layer 10 — Hurst exponent (0.5 = random, >0.52 = trending).
    pub hurst: f64,
    /// Layer 11 — normalised price acceleration (−1 to +1).
    pub price_accel: f64,
}

impl Indicators {
    pub fn new(cfg: IndicatorConfig) -> Self {
        let maxlen = cfg.history_candles.max(cfg.training_period + 50).max(300);
        let ts_collen = cfg.ts_collen;
        let ts_lookback = cfg.ts_lookback;

        let mut wr_tracker = PercentileTracker::new(200);
        for i in 0..100 {
            wr_tracker.push(if i % 2 == 0 { 0.5 } else { 2.0 });
        }

        Self {
            cfg,
            maxlen,
            opens: VecDeque::with_capacity(maxlen),
            highs: VecDeque::with_capacity(maxlen),
            lows: VecDeque::with_capacity(maxlen),
            closes: VecDeque::with_capacity(maxlen),
            volumes: VecDeque::with_capacity(maxlen),
            times: VecDeque::with_capacity(maxlen),
            bar: 0,
            vwap_vol: 0.0,
            vwap_tpv: 0.0,
            vwap_date: None,
            ema9: None,
            rma_atr: None,
            st_upper: None,
            st_lower: None,
            st_dir: 1,
            st_value: None,
            kmeans_centroids: None,
            kmeans_last_bar: 0,
            dyn_ema: None,
            prev_close: None,
            max_abs_buf: VecDeque::with_capacity(200),
            delta_buf: VecDeque::with_capacity(200),
            rma_c: None,
            rma_o: None,
            wave_speed: 0.0,
            wave_pos: 0,
            speed_norm: VecDeque::with_capacity(ts_collen),
            hma_buf: VecDeque::new(),
            bull_waves: VecDeque::with_capacity(ts_lookback * 4),
            bear_waves: VecDeque::with_capacity(ts_lookback * 4),
            wr_tracker,
            mom_tracker: PercentileTracker::seeded(200, 0.5, 0.5),
            cur_ratio: 0.0,
            hurst_last_bar: 0,
            vel_buf: VecDeque::with_capacity(110),
            vwap: None,
            ema: None,
            st: None,
            st_dir_pub: 1,
            atr: None,
            cluster: 1,
            dyn_ema_pub: None,
            ts_speed: 0.0,
            ts_norm: 0.5,
            ts_bullish: false,
            bull_avg: 0.0,
            bear_avg: 0.0,
            dominance: 0.0,
            ao: 0.0,
            ao_rising: false,
            wr_pct: 0.5,
            mom_pct: 0.5,
            wave_ok_long: true,
            wave_ok_short: true,
            mom_ok_long: true,
            mom_ok_short: true,
            hurst: 0.5,
            price_accel: 0.0,
        }
    }

    // ── L1 VWAP ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn upd_vwap(&mut self, candle: &Candle) -> f64 {
        let dt = Utc
            .timestamp_millis_opt(candle.time)
            .single()
            .unwrap_or_else(Utc::now)
            .date_naive();
        if Some(dt) != self.vwap_date {
            self.vwap_vol = 0.0;
            self.vwap_tpv = 0.0;
            self.vwap_date = Some(dt);
        }
        let tp = candle.typical_price();
        self.vwap_vol += candle.volume;
        self.vwap_tpv += tp * candle.volume;
        if self.vwap_vol > 0.0 {
            self.vwap_tpv / self.vwap_vol
        } else {
            candle.close
        }
    }

    // ── L3 RMA ATR ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn upd_atr(&mut self, candle: &Candle) -> f64 {
        let prev_c = self
            .closes
            .iter()
            .rev()
            .nth(1)
            .copied()
            .unwrap_or(candle.close);
        let tr = (candle.high - candle.low)
            .max((candle.high - prev_c).abs())
            .max((candle.low - prev_c).abs());
        self.rma_atr = Some(rma_step(self.rma_atr, tr, self.cfg.atr_len));
        self.rma_atr.unwrap()
    }

    // ── L3 KMeans ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn kmeans_atr(&mut self, atr_val: f64) -> f64 {
        if self.kmeans_centroids.is_none() || (self.bar - self.kmeans_last_bar) >= 10 {
            self.kmeans_centroids = Some(self.compute_kmeans_centroids());
            self.kmeans_last_bar = self.bar;
        }
        let [c_h, c_m, c_l] = self.kmeans_centroids.unwrap();
        let dists = [
            (c_h - atr_val).abs(),
            (c_m - atr_val).abs(),
            (c_l - atr_val).abs(),
        ];
        self.cluster = dists
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .min_by(|a, b| a.1.partial_cmp(b.1).unwrap())
            .map_or(1, |(i, _)| i);
        [c_h, c_m, c_l][self.cluster]
    }

    fn compute_kmeans_centroids(&self) -> [f64; 3] {
        let n = self.cfg.training_period.min(self.closes.len());
        let ha: Vec<f64> = self.highs.iter().rev().take(n).copied().collect();
        let la: Vec<f64> = self.lows.iter().rev().take(n).copied().collect();
        let ca: Vec<f64> = self.closes.iter().rev().take(n).copied().collect();

        let mut trs = vec![ha[0] - la[0]];
        for i in 1..n {
            trs.push(
                (ha[i] - la[i])
                    .max((ha[i] - ca[i - 1]).abs())
                    .max((la[i] - ca[i - 1]).abs()),
            );
        }
        let alpha = 1.0 / self.cfg.atr_len as f64;
        let mut atr_w = vec![trs[0]];
        for i in 1..trs.len() {
            atr_w.push(alpha * trs[i] + (1.0 - alpha) * atr_w[i - 1]);
        }

        let lo = atr_w.iter().copied().fold(f64::INFINITY, f64::min);
        let hi = atr_w.iter().copied().fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
        let rng = if (hi - lo).abs() > 1e-9 {
            hi - lo
        } else {
            1e-9
        };

        let mut c_h = lo + rng * self.cfg.highvol_pct;
        let mut c_m = lo + rng * self.cfg.midvol_pct;
        let mut c_l = lo + rng * self.cfg.lowvol_pct;

        for _ in 0..100 {
            let mut g: [Vec<f64>; 3] = [Vec::new(), Vec::new(), Vec::new()];
            for &v in &atr_w {
                let dists = [(v - c_h).abs(), (v - c_m).abs(), (v - c_l).abs()];
                let idx = dists
                    .iter()
                    .enumerate()
                    .min_by(|a, b| a.1.partial_cmp(b.1).unwrap())
                    .map_or(1, |(i, _)| i);
                g[idx].push(v);
            }
            let nh = if g[0].is_empty() {
                c_h
            } else {
                g[0].iter().sum::<f64>() / g[0].len() as f64
            };
            let nm = if g[1].is_empty() {
                c_m
            } else {
                g[1].iter().sum::<f64>() / g[1].len() as f64
            };
            let nl = if g[2].is_empty() {
                c_l
            } else {
                g[2].iter().sum::<f64>() / g[2].len() as f64
            };
            if (nh - c_h).abs() < 1e-9 && (nm - c_m).abs() < 1e-9 && (nl - c_l).abs() < 1e-9 {
                break;
            }
            c_h = nh;
            c_m = nm;
            c_l = nl;
        }
        [c_h, c_m, c_l]
    }

    // ── L3 SuperTrend ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn upd_supertrend(&mut self, adaptive_atr: f64, close: f64) -> (f64, i8) {
        let hl2 = (self.highs.back().copied().unwrap_or(close)
            + self.lows.back().copied().unwrap_or(close))
            / 2.0;
        let factor = self.cfg.st_factor;
        let raw_upper = hl2 + factor * adaptive_atr;
        let raw_lower = hl2 - factor * adaptive_atr;

        let prev_u = self.st_upper.unwrap_or(raw_upper);
        let prev_l = self.st_lower.unwrap_or(raw_lower);
        let prev_st = self.st_value.unwrap_or(raw_upper);
        let prev_c = self.closes.iter().rev().nth(1).copied().unwrap_or(close);

        let lower = if raw_lower > prev_l || prev_c < prev_l {
            raw_lower
        } else {
            prev_l
        };
        let upper = if raw_upper < prev_u || prev_c > prev_u {
            raw_upper
        } else {
            prev_u
        };

        let direction = if prev_st == prev_u {
            if close > upper { -1 } else { 1 }
        } else {
            if close < lower { 1 } else { -1 }
        };

        let st_val = if direction == -1 { lower } else { upper };
        self.st_upper = Some(upper);
        self.st_lower = Some(lower);
        self.st_dir = direction;
        self.st_value = Some(st_val);
        (st_val, direction)
    }

    // ── L4 Trend Speed ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn upd_trend_speed(&mut self, candle: &Candle) {
        let cl = candle.close;
        let op = candle.open;

        let abs_cd = (cl - op).abs();
        if self.max_abs_buf.len() == 200 {
            self.max_abs_buf.pop_front();
        }
        self.max_abs_buf.push_back(abs_cd);
        let max_abs = self
            .max_abs_buf
            .iter()
            .copied()
            .fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max)
            .max(1.0);
        let cd_norm = (abs_cd + max_abs) / (2.0 * max_abs);
        let dyn_len = 5.0 + cd_norm * (self.cfg.ts_max_length as f64 - 5.0);

        let prev_c = self.prev_close.unwrap_or(cl);
        let delta = (cl - prev_c).abs();
        if self.delta_buf.len() == 200 {
            self.delta_buf.pop_front();
        }
        self.delta_buf.push_back(delta);
        let max_d = self
            .delta_buf
            .iter()
            .copied()
            .fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max)
            .max(1.0);
        let accel = delta / max_d;

        let alpha = (2.0 / (dyn_len + 1.0) * (1.0 + accel * self.cfg.ts_accel_mult)).min(1.0);
        self.dyn_ema = Some(match self.dyn_ema {
            None => cl,
            Some(prev) => alpha * cl + (1.0 - alpha) * prev,
        });
        self.dyn_ema_pub = self.dyn_ema;

        self.rma_c = Some(rma_step(self.rma_c, cl, self.cfg.ts_rma_len));
        self.rma_o = Some(rma_step(self.rma_o, op, self.cfg.ts_rma_len));

        let trend = self.dyn_ema.unwrap();
        let prev_cl = self.closes.iter().rev().nth(1).copied().unwrap_or(cl);
        let c_rma = self.rma_c.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let o_rma = self.rma_o.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let lookback_cap = self.cfg.ts_lookback * 4;

        if cl > trend && prev_cl <= trend {
            if self.wave_pos != 0 {
                if self.bear_waves.len() == lookback_cap {
                    self.bear_waves.pop_front();
                }
                self.bear_waves.push_back(self.wave_speed);
            }
            self.wave_pos = 1;
            self.wave_speed = c_rma - o_rma;
        } else if cl < trend && prev_cl >= trend {
            if self.wave_pos != 0 {
                if self.bull_waves.len() == lookback_cap {
                    self.bull_waves.pop_front();
                }
                self.bull_waves.push_back(self.wave_speed);
            }
            self.wave_pos = -1;
            self.wave_speed = c_rma - o_rma;
        } else {
            self.wave_speed += c_rma - o_rma;
        }

        if self.speed_norm.len() == self.cfg.ts_collen {
            self.speed_norm.pop_front();
        }
        self.speed_norm.push_back(self.wave_speed);

        self.ts_speed = self.hma_smooth(self.cfg.ts_hma_len);
        self.ts_bullish = self.ts_speed > 0.0;

        let sp_min = self
            .speed_norm
            .iter()
            .copied()
            .fold(f64::INFINITY, f64::min);
        let sp_max = self
            .speed_norm
            .iter()
            .copied()
            .fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
        let sp_rng = if (sp_max - sp_min).abs() > 1e-9 {
            sp_max - sp_min
        } else {
            1.0
        };
        self.ts_norm = (self.wave_speed - sp_min) / sp_rng;

        let lb = self.cfg.ts_lookback;
        let bull_r: Vec<f64> = self.bull_waves.iter().rev().take(lb).copied().collect();
        let bear_r: Vec<f64> = self.bear_waves.iter().rev().take(lb).copied().collect();
        self.bull_avg = if bull_r.is_empty() {
            0.0
        } else {
            bull_r.iter().sum::<f64>() / bull_r.len() as f64
        };
        self.bear_avg = if bear_r.is_empty() {
            0.0
        } else {
            bear_r.iter().sum::<f64>() / bear_r.len() as f64
        };
        self.dominance = self.bull_avg - self.bear_avg.abs();
        self.prev_close = Some(cl);

        let bear_abs = self.bear_avg.abs().max(1e-9);
        let wave_ratio = if self.bull_avg > 0.0 {
            self.bull_avg / bear_abs
        } else {
            1.0 / bear_abs
        };
        self.wr_tracker.push(wave_ratio);
        self.wr_pct = self.wr_tracker.pct(wave_ratio);

        self.cur_ratio = if self.wave_speed > 0.0 && self.bull_avg > 0.0 {
            self.wave_speed / self.bull_avg
        } else if self.wave_speed < 0.0 && bear_abs > 0.0 {
            -self.wave_speed.abs() / bear_abs
        } else {
            0.0
        };
        self.mom_tracker.push(self.cur_ratio.abs());
        self.mom_pct = self.mom_tracker.pct(self.cur_ratio.abs());

        let wl = self.cfg.wave_pct_l.clamp(0.01, 0.99);
        let ws = (1.0 - self.cfg.wave_pct_s).clamp(0.01, 0.99);
        let ml = self.cfg.mom_pct_min.clamp(0.01, 0.99);

        self.wave_ok_long = self.wr_pct >= wl;
        self.wave_ok_short = self.wr_pct <= ws;
        self.mom_ok_long = self.mom_pct >= ml && self.cur_ratio > 0.0;
        self.mom_ok_short = self.mom_pct >= ml && self.cur_ratio < 0.0;
    }

    /// HMA: 2*WMA(n/2) - WMA(n), then WMA(√n) of that.
    fn hma_smooth(&mut self, length: usize) -> f64 {
        let sn: Vec<f64> = self.speed_norm.iter().copied().collect();
        if sn.len() < 2 {
            return *sn.last().unwrap_or(&0.0);
        }
        let half = (length / 2).max(1);
        let sqrt_n = (length as f64).sqrt().round() as usize;
        let raw = 2.0 * wma(&sn[sn.len().saturating_sub(half)..])
            - wma(&sn[sn.len().saturating_sub(length)..]);
        if self.hma_buf.len() == sqrt_n {
            self.hma_buf.pop_front();
        }
        self.hma_buf.push_back(raw);
        let hma_arr: Vec<f64> = self.hma_buf.iter().copied().collect();
        wma(&hma_arr)
    }

    // ── L9 Awesome Oscillator ─────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn upd_ao(&mut self) {
        if self.highs.len() < 34 {
            return;
        }
        let hs: Vec<f64> = self.highs.iter().copied().collect();
        let ls: Vec<f64> = self.lows.iter().copied().collect();
        let hl2: Vec<f64> = hs
            .iter()
            .zip(ls.iter())
            .map(|(h, l)| (h + l) / 2.0)
            .collect();
        let n = hl2.len();
        let ao_new =
            hl2[n - 5..].iter().sum::<f64>() / 5.0 - hl2[n - 34..].iter().sum::<f64>() / 34.0;
        self.ao_rising = ao_new > self.ao;
        self.ao = ao_new;
    }

    // ── L10 Hurst ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn upd_hurst(&mut self) {
        let lb = self.cfg.hurst_lookback;
        let min_bars = lb * 2 + 1;
        if self.closes.len() < min_bars || (self.bar - self.hurst_last_bar) < 10 {
            return;
        }
        let cl_arr: Vec<f64> = self.closes.iter().rev().take(min_bars).copied().collect();
        self.hurst = hurst_scalar(&cl_arr, lb);
        self.hurst_last_bar = self.bar;
    }

    // ── L11 Price acceleration ────────────────────────────────────────────────

    fn upd_accel(&mut self) {
        let k = 3usize;
        let n = self.closes.len();
        if n <= k * 2 {
            return;
        }
        let cl: Vec<f64> = self.closes.iter().copied().collect();
        let vel_now = (cl[n - 1] - cl[n - 1 - k]) / (cl[n - 1 - k] + 1e-10);
        let vel_prev = (cl[n - 1 - k] - cl[n - 1 - k * 2]) / (cl[n - 1 - k * 2] + 1e-10);
        if self.vel_buf.len() == 110 {
            self.vel_buf.pop_front();
        }
        self.vel_buf.push_back(vel_now);
        let accel = vel_now - vel_prev;
        let vel_std = if self.vel_buf.len() > 1 {
            let vv: Vec<f64> = self.vel_buf.iter().copied().collect();
            let mean = vv.iter().sum::<f64>() / vv.len() as f64;
            let var = vv.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / vv.len() as f64;
            var.sqrt()
        } else {
            1.0
        };
        self.price_accel = (accel / (vel_std + 1e-10) / 3.0).clamp(-1.0, 1.0);
    }

    // ── Main update ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Feed one closed candle. Returns `true` once SuperTrend is ready.
    pub fn update(&mut self, candle: &Candle) -> bool {
        let cap = self.maxlen;
        macro_rules! push {
            ($buf:expr, $val:expr) => {
                if $buf.len() == cap {
                    $buf.pop_front();
                }
                $buf.push_back($val);
            };
        }
        push!(self.opens, candle.open);
        push!(self.highs, candle.high);
        push!(self.lows, candle.low);
        push!(self.closes, candle.close);
        push!(self.volumes, candle.volume);
        push!(self.times, candle.time);
        self.bar += 1;

        self.vwap = Some(self.upd_vwap(candle));

        let k = 2.0 / (self.cfg.ema_len as f64 + 1.0);
        self.ema9 = Some(match self.ema9 {
            None => candle.close,
            Some(e) => candle.close * k + e * (1.0 - k),
        });
        self.ema = self.ema9;

        let atr_val = self.upd_atr(candle);
        self.atr = Some(atr_val);

        self.upd_trend_speed(candle);
        self.upd_ao();
        self.upd_hurst();
        self.upd_accel();

        if self.closes.len() < self.cfg.training_period {
            return false;
        }

        let adaptive_atr = self.kmeans_atr(atr_val);
        let (st, dir) = self.upd_supertrend(adaptive_atr, candle.close);
        self.st = Some(st);
        self.st_dir_pub = dir;

        true
    }

    /// Returns `true` if a speed-exit condition is triggered for the given position.
    ///
    /// `position`: `+1` = long, `-1` = short.
    /// Returns `false` when `ts_speed_exit_threshold` is `None`.
    pub fn check_speed_exit(&self, position: i32) -> bool {
        let Some(thr) = self.cfg.ts_speed_exit_threshold else {
            return false;
        };
        if position > 0 && self.ts_speed < -thr.abs() {
            return true;
        }
        position < 0 && self.ts_speed > thr.abs()
    }
}