inc-complete 0.10.0

//! # Inc-Complete
//!
//! inc-complete is a library for incremental compilation supporting serialization from the ground
//! up.
//!
//! In inc-complete, a central `Db` object is used to query and cache the result of _pure_
//! functions. The functions being pure is key. If there are side-effects performed then
//! they will not be re-performed when the computation's result is later cached and returned again.
//!
//! Before we create the `Db` object however, we need to define the storage type to store all
//! the computations we want to cache. In inc-complete, each computation is its own type and is
//! either an input (if it has no dependencies) or an intermediate computation. For this example
//! we're going to model the following spreadsheet:
//!
//! ```text
//!       [  A  ] [     B    ]
//! [ 1 ] [ 12  ] [ =A1 + 8  ]
//! [ 2 ] [  4  ] [ =B1 + A2 ]
//! ```
//!
//! We will have two inputs: `A1` and `A2`, and two intermediates: `B1` and `B2` where
//! `B1` depends on `A1` and `B2` depends on `B1` and `A2` directly, and `A1` transitively.
//! All computations in inc-complete correspond to a struct representing that computation.
//! This struct often holds the arguments for the corresponding function to perform but in
//! this case none of our cells need any parameters besides the values of other cells to query.
//!
//! For each input type we'll derive `Input` and give it a unique id, along with
//! the output type of the function retrieving the input value, and the storage type we'll store
//! all the metadata in - we'll define this type later on.
//!
//! Let's start by defining our input types:
//!
//! ```
//! # struct MySpreadsheet;
//! use inc_complete::{ Input, define_input };
//!
//! // All computation types must implement Debug and Clone.
//! // Each input type must additionally implement `Input`, which requires an additional
//! // `inc_complete` attribute to specify the unique id of the computation, its output type,
//! // and the storage type to store it in.
//! ##[derive(Input, Debug, Clone)]
//! ##[inc_complete(id = 0, output = i32, storage = MySpreadsheet)]
//! struct A1;
//!
//! ##[derive(Input, Debug, Clone)]
//! ##[inc_complete(id = 1, output = i32, storage = MySpreadsheet)]
//! struct A2;
//! ```
//!
//! Next, let's define the intermediate computations and the functions to compute them.
//! For these we just need to define the computation type and use the `intermediate` macro
//! on a function to perform that computation. Note that this function should have
//! exactly two arguments: the computation type itself (which may be a struct containing
//! more arguments to use if needed), and a `DbHandle` containing your storage type:
//!
//! ```
//! # use inc_complete::{ Input, define_input, Storage, impl_storage };
//! # #[derive(Debug, Input, Clone)]
//! # #[inc_complete(id = 0, output = i32, storage = MySpreadsheet)]
//! # struct A1;
//! # #[derive(Debug, Input, Clone)]
//! # #[inc_complete(id = 1, output = i32, storage = MySpreadsheet)]
//! # struct A2;
//! # use inc_complete::storage::SingletonStorage;
//! # #[derive(Storage, Default)]
//! # struct MySpreadsheet {
//! #     a1: SingletonStorage<A1>,
//! #     a2: SingletonStorage<A2>,
//! #     b1: SingletonStorage<B1>,
//! #     b2: SingletonStorage<B2>,
//! #     #[inc_complete(skip)]
//! #     my_metadata: String,
//! # }
//! use inc_complete::{ intermediate, define_intermediate };
//!
//! // All Computation types must implement Debug & Clone
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
//! # struct B1;
//!
//! ##[derive(Debug, Clone)]
//! struct B2;
//!
//! ##[intermediate(id = 2)]
//! fn compute_b1(_ctx: &B1, db: &inc_complete::DbHandle<MySpreadsheet>) -> i32 {
//!     // These functions should be pure but we're going to cheat here to
//!     // make it obvious when a function is recomputed
//!     println!("Computing B1!");
//!     db.get(A1) + 8
//! }
//!
//! ##[intermediate(id = 3)]
//! fn compute_b2(_ctx: &B2, db: &inc_complete::DbHandle<MySpreadsheet>) -> i32 {
//!     println!("Computing B2!");
//!     db.get(B1) + db.get(A2)
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Ceremony aside - this code should be relatively straight-forward. We `get` the value of
//! any sub-computations we need and the `DbHandle` object automatically gives us the most
//! up to date version of those computations - we'll examine this claim a bit closer later.
//!
//! Now we can define the actual storage type to hold all our computations.
//!
//! ```
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
//! # struct A1;
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
//! # struct A2;
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
//! # struct B1;
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
//! # struct B2;
//! # use inc_complete::storage::SingletonStorage;
//! # use inc_complete::define_input;
//! # define_input!(0, A1 -> i64, MySpreadsheet);
//! # define_input!(1, A2 -> i64, MySpreadsheet);
//! # use inc_complete::define_intermediate;
//! # define_intermediate!(2, B1 -> i64, MySpreadsheet, |_b1, db| {
//! #     // These functions should be pure but we're going to cheat here to
//! #     // make it obvious when a function is recomputed
//! #     println!("Computing B1!");
//! #     db.get(A1) + 8
//! # });
//! # // Larger programs may wish to pass an existing function instead of a closure
//! # define_intermediate!(3, B2 -> i64, MySpreadsheet, |_b2, db| {
//! #     println!("Computing B2!");
//! #     db.get(B1) + db.get(A2)
//! # });
//! use inc_complete::{ Storage, impl_storage };
//!
//! ##[derive(Storage, Default)]
//! struct MySpreadsheet {
//!     a1: SingletonStorage<A1>,
//!     a2: SingletonStorage<A2>,
//!     b1: SingletonStorage<B1>,
//!     b2: SingletonStorage<B2>,
//!
//!     // If you need to store non-computation data you can use the `skip` attribute.
//!     // Just be careful since changes to this data will not be tracked by inc-complete,
//!     // it is possible to break incrementality! To avoid this, avoid mutating any `skip`
//!     // fields in the middle of an incremental computation.
//!     #[inc_complete(skip)]
//!     my_metadata: String,
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! In this example, we're using `SingletonStorage` for all of our
//! computations because all of `A1`, `A2`, `B1`, and `B2` are singleton values like `()` with
//! only a single value in their type. This lets us store them with an `Option<T>` instead of a
//! `HashMap<K, V>`. If you are unsure which storage type to choose, `HashMapStorage<T>`
//! is a good default. Even if used on singletons it will give you correct
//! behavior, just with slightly worse performance than `SingletonStorage<T>`.
//!
//! With that out of the way though, we can finally create our `Db`, set the initial values for our
//! inputs, and run our program:
//!
//! ```
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
//! # struct A1;
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
//! # struct A2;
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
//! # struct B1;
//! # #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
//! # struct B2;
//! # use inc_complete::storage::SingletonStorage;
//! # #[derive(Default)]
//! # struct MySpreadsheet {
//! #     a1: SingletonStorage<A1>,
//! #     a2: SingletonStorage<A2>,
//! #     b1: SingletonStorage<B1>,
//! #     b2: SingletonStorage<B2>,
//! # }
//! # use inc_complete::{ define_input, impl_storage, define_intermediate };
//! # // This macro may be replaced with a derive proc macro in the future
//! # impl_storage!(MySpreadsheet,
//! #     a1: A1,
//! #     a2: A2,
//! #     b1: B1,
//! #     b2: B2,
//! # );
//! # define_input!(0, A1 -> i64, MySpreadsheet);
//! # define_input!(1, A2 -> i64, MySpreadsheet);
//! # define_intermediate!(2, B1 -> i64, MySpreadsheet, |_b1, db| {
//! #     // These functions should be pure but we're going to cheat here to
//! #     // make it obvious when a function is recomputed
//! #     println!("Computing B1!");
//! #     db.get(A1) + 8
//! # });
//! # // Larger programs may wish to pass an existing function instead of a closure
//! # define_intermediate!(3, B2 -> i64, MySpreadsheet, |_b2, db| {
//! #     println!("Computing B2!");
//! #     db.get(B1) + db.get(A2)
//! # });
//! type SpreadsheetDb = inc_complete::Db<MySpreadsheet>;
//!
//! fn main() {
//!     let mut db = SpreadsheetDb::new();
//!     db.update_input(A1, 12);
//!     db.update_input(A2, 4);
//!
//!     // Output:
//!     // Computing B2!
//!     // Computing B1!
//!     let b2 = db.get(B2);
//!     assert_eq!(b2, 24);
//!
//!     // No output, result of B2 is cached
//!     let b2 = db.get(B2);
//!     assert_eq!(b2, 24);
//!
//!     // Now lets update an input
//!     db.update_input(A2, 10);
//!
//!     // B2 is now stale and gets recomputed, but crucially B1
//!     // does not depend on A2 and does not get recomputed.
//!     // Output:
//!     // Computing B2!
//!     let b2 = db.get(B2);
//!     assert_eq!(b2, 30);
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! ...And that's it for basic usage! If you want to delve deeper you can manually implement
//! `Storage` for your storage type or `StorageFor` to define a new storage type for a single input
//! (like `SingletonStorage` or `HashMapStorage` which inc-complete defines).
//!
//! This example did not show it but you can also use structs with fields in your computations, e.g:
//!
//! ```
//! use inc_complete::{ storage::HashMapStorage, impl_storage, define_intermediate };
//!
//! #[derive(Default)]
//! struct MyStorageType {
//!     fibs: HashMapStorage<Fibonacci>,
//! }
//!
//! // The trailing `,` is required after each field type
//! impl_storage!(MyStorageType, fibs: Fibonacci,);
//!
//! // a fibonacci function with cached sub-results
//! #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
//! struct Fibonacci(u32);
//!
//! define_intermediate!(0, Fibonacci -> u32, MyStorageType, |fib, db| {
//!     let x = fib.0;
//!     if x <= 1 {
//!         x
//!     } else {
//!         // Not exponential time since each sub-computation will be cached!
//!         // In addition to `db.get(mytype)` we can also do `mytype.get(db)`
//!         Fibonacci(x - 1).get(db) + Fibonacci(x - 2).get(db)
//!     }
//! });
//! ```
//!
//! These fields often correspond to parameters of the function being modeled, in
//! this case the integer input to `fibonacci`.
//!
//! ## Serialization
//!
//! Serialization can be done by serializing the `Db<S>` object. All cached computations
//! are stored in the provided storage type `S` so it is up to users to decide how they
//! want to serialize this storage. As a starting point, it is recommended to tag a field
//! with `#[serde(default)]` when a new field is added to keep serialization backwards-compatible
//! when deserializing previous versions of `S`. See the source file `tests/serialize.rs`
//! as an example of this.
mod cell;
#[macro_use]
pub mod storage;
pub mod accumulate;
mod db;
mod interned;

pub use cell::Cell;
pub use db::{
    Db, DbGet, DbHandle,
    debug_with_db::{DebugWithDb, debug_with_db},
};
pub use storage::{Computation, Run, Storage, StorageFor};

pub use inc_complete_derive::{Input, Storage, intermediate};