ifc-xml 0.4.1

//! ifcXML text to [`Model`].
//!
//! Uses `quick-xml`'s pull parser: an IFC file can be very large, so the
//! document is never materialized as a tree.
//!
//! What happens to content the schema does not describe depends on the
//! codec, and the distinction is deliberate:
//!
//! - **Native layout, no schema or [`SchemaReading::Lenient`]:** unknown
//!   elements and attributes are preserved rather than rejected, on the same
//!   principle as the STEP reader: a file containing entities from a schema
//!   we do not know must still round-trip. Value kinds are inferred from
//!   attribute text.
//! - **Native layout with a schema, [`SchemaReading::Strict`] (the
//!   default):** every value is typed from its attribute's declaration, and
//!   an entity, attribute or value the schema does not declare is a typed
//!   [`XmlError`] naming it.
//! - **[`XmlLayout::Xsd`]:** the buildingSMART configuration, always strict;
//!   see the crate documentation.
//!
//! [`SchemaReading::Lenient`]: crate::SchemaReading::Lenient
//! [`SchemaReading::Strict`]: crate::SchemaReading::Strict

use crate::error::XmlError;
use crate::scalar::{decode_element, format_ref, parse_ref};
use crate::slots::Raw;
use crate::{slots, XmlCodec, XmlLayout};
use ifc_model::{Entity, EntityId, Model, Value};
use quick_xml::escape::unescape;
use quick_xml::events::attributes::Attribute;
use quick_xml::events::{BytesRef, BytesStart, Event};
use quick_xml::name::ResolveResult;
use quick_xml::reader::NsReader;

const XSI_NAMESPACE: &str = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance";

/// Cheap sniff: does this look like an XML document?
pub fn looks_like_xml(bytes: &[u8]) -> bool {
    let head = &bytes[..bytes.len().min(512)];
    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(head);
    let trimmed = text.trim_start_matches(['\u{feff}', ' ', '\n', '\r', '\t']);
    // A prefixed root (`<ifc:ifcXML`), as the buildingSMART examples write.
    let prefixed = trimmed.starts_with('<')
        && trimmed[1..]
            .split(|c: char| c.is_whitespace() || c == '>')
            .next()
            .is_some_and(|name| name.ends_with(":ifcXML"));
    trimmed.starts_with("<?xml") || trimmed.starts_with("<ifcXML") || prefixed
}

/// The schema tables a strict native read types values from.
#[cfg(feature = "schema")]
type Strict<'s> = Option<crate::typing::Layouts<'s>>;
#[cfg(not(feature = "schema"))]
type Strict<'s> = Option<std::marker::PhantomData<&'s ()>>;

/// Parse an ifcXML document into a model, in the codec's layout.
///
/// Unlike [`ifc_model::Codec::read_bytes`], which flattens failures into a
/// [`ifc_model::ModelError`], this keeps the typed [`XmlError`] and its path.
pub fn read(codec: &XmlCodec, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Model, XmlError> {
    if codec.layout() == XmlLayout::Xsd {
        return read_xsd(codec, bytes);
    }
    #[cfg(feature = "schema")]
    let mut strict: Strict<'_> = codec.strict_schema().map(crate::typing::Layouts::new);
    #[cfg(not(feature = "schema"))]
    let mut strict: Strict<'_> = None;
    let model = read_native(codec, bytes, &mut strict)?;
    #[cfg(feature = "schema")]
    if let Some(layouts) = strict.as_mut() {
        check_references(layouts, &model)?;
    }
    Ok(model)
}

#[cfg(feature = "schema")]
fn read_xsd(codec: &XmlCodec, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Model, XmlError> {
    match (codec.schema(), codec.profile()) {
        (Some(schema), Some(profile)) => crate::xsd::read(schema, profile, bytes),
        _ => Err(XmlError::Unsupported {
            construct: "the XSD layout without a schema and release profile".into(),
        }),
    }
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "schema"))]
fn read_xsd(_: &XmlCodec, _: &[u8]) -> Result<Model, XmlError> {
    Err(XmlError::Unsupported {
        construct: "the XSD layout without the `schema` feature".into(),
    })
}

/// Every reference of a strictly read model resolves to an entity its
/// declared type admits.
#[cfg(feature = "schema")]
fn check_references(
    layouts: &mut crate::typing::Layouts<'_>,
    model: &Model,
) -> Result<(), XmlError> {
    let schema = layouts.schema();
    let mut references = Vec::new();
    for (id, entity) in model.iter() {
        let Some(layout) = layouts.entity(&entity.type_name, false)? else {
            continue;
        };
        for (value, slot) in entity.attributes.iter().zip(&layout.slots) {
            let path = format!(
                "{}/{}",
                raw_entity_path(&entity.type_name, Some(format_ref(id))),
                slot.name
            );
            references.clear();
            crate::typing::references(schema, &slot.shape, value, &mut references)
                .map_err(|error| error.at(path.clone()))?;
            for (target, declared) in &references {
                let Some(found) = model.get(*target) else {
                    return Err(XmlError::UnresolvedReference {
                        id: format_ref(*target),
                    }
                    .at(path));
                };
                if !schema.accepts_type(declared, &found.type_name) {
                    return Err(XmlError::TypeMismatch {
                        declared: declared.to_string(),
                        found: format!("a reference to an entity `{}`", found.type_name),
                    }
                    .at(path));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn read_native(codec: &XmlCodec, bytes: &[u8], strict: &mut Strict<'_>) -> Result<Model, XmlError> {
    // Text is NOT trimmed: a value element's text is the value, and leading
    // or trailing whitespace in a string is data. Indentation between
    // elements lands in `text_buf` too, but every value start clears it and
    // only a value end consumes it.
    let mut reader = NsReader::from_reader(bytes);

    let mut model = Model::new();
    let mut buf = Vec::new();
    let mut seen_root = false;
    let mut root_closed = false;
    let mut element_depth = 0usize;

    // Header parsing state.
    let mut in_header = false;
    let mut header_tag: Option<String> = None;

    // Entity parsing state.
    let mut current: Option<PendingEntity> = None;
    // Stack of open child-value elements: (name, kind, type, accumulated items)
    let mut stack: Vec<PendingValue> = Vec::new();
    let mut text_buf = String::new();

    loop {
        match reader.read_resolved_event_into(&mut buf) {
            Err(error) => {
                return Err(
                    XmlError::Malformed(error.to_string()).at(current_path(&current, &stack, None))
                );
            }
            Ok((_, Event::Eof)) => break,

            Ok((namespace, Event::Start(e))) => {
                let name = local_name(&e);
                validate_element(codec, namespace, &name)?;
                validate_root(codec, &e, &name, element_depth, root_closed, &mut seen_root)?;
                element_depth += 1;
                match name.as_str() {
                    "ifcXML" => {
                        if let Some(schema) = attr_value(&e, "schema") {
                            model.header_mut().schema = vec![schema];
                        }
                    }
                    "header" => in_header = true,
                    _ if in_header => {
                        header_tag = Some(name);
                        text_buf.clear();
                    }
                    _ if current.is_none() => match start_entity(&e, &name) {
                        Ok(Some(started)) => current = Some(started),
                        Ok(None) => {}
                        Err(error) => {
                            return Err(error.at(raw_entity_path(&name, attr_value(&e, "id"))));
                        }
                    },
                    _ => {
                        let item_index = stack.last().map_or(0, |parent| parent.items.len());
                        stack.push(PendingValue::from_start(&e, name, item_index));
                        text_buf.clear();
                    }
                }
            }

            Ok((namespace, Event::Empty(e))) => {
                let name = local_name(&e);
                validate_element(codec, namespace, &name)?;
                validate_root(codec, &e, &name, element_depth, root_closed, &mut seen_root)?;
                if codec.profile().is_some() && element_depth == 0 {
                    root_closed = true;
                }
                if current.is_none() && !in_header {
                    match start_entity(&e, &name) {
                        Ok(Some(entity)) => finish_entity(codec, &mut model, entity, strict)?,
                        Ok(None) => {}
                        Err(error) => {
                            return Err(error.at(raw_entity_path(&name, attr_value(&e, "id"))));
                        }
                    }
                } else if current.is_some() {
                    let value = if has_true_xsi_nil(&reader, &e) {
                        Value::Null
                    } else if attr_value(&e, "derived").as_deref() == Some("true") {
                        Value::Derived
                    } else {
                        let item_index = stack.last().map_or(0, |parent| parent.items.len());
                        let pending = PendingValue::from_start(&e, name.clone(), item_index);
                        let path =
                            current_path(&current, &stack, Some(pending.path_segment.as_str()));
                        pending.finish("").map_err(|error| error.at(path))?
                    };
                    push_value(&mut stack, &mut current, name, value);
                }
            }

            // Text arrives verbatim (no end-of-line normalisation) and each
            // entity or character reference as its own event; concatenating
            // both reproduces the unescaped text of the whole run.
            Ok((_, Event::Text(t))) => text_buf.push_str(&t),

            Ok((_, Event::GeneralRef(reference))) => {
                let resolved = resolve_reference(&reference).map_err(|error| {
                    XmlError::Malformed(error.to_string()).at(current_path(&current, &stack, None))
                })?;
                text_buf.push_str(&resolved);
            }

            Ok((namespace, Event::End(e))) => {
                let name = e.local_name().as_ref().to_owned();
                validate_element(codec, namespace, &name)?;
                element_depth = element_depth.saturating_sub(1);
                if codec.profile().is_some() && element_depth == 0 {
                    root_closed = true;
                }
                match name.as_str() {
                    "header" => in_header = false,
                    "ifcXML" => {}
                    _ if in_header => {
                        if let Some(tag) = header_tag.take() {
                            apply_header_field(&mut model, &tag, &text_buf);
                        }
                        text_buf.clear();
                    }
                    _ => {
                        if let Some(pending) = stack.pop() {
                            let path =
                                current_path(&current, &stack, Some(pending.path_segment.as_str()));
                            let value =
                                pending.finish(&text_buf).map_err(|error| error.at(path))?;
                            push_value(&mut stack, &mut current, pending.name.clone(), value);
                            text_buf.clear();
                        } else if let Some(entity) = current.take() {
                            finish_entity(codec, &mut model, entity, strict)?;
                        }
                        text_buf.clear();
                    }
                }
            }
            Ok(_) => {}
        }
        buf.clear();
    }

    if codec.profile().is_some() && (!seen_root || !root_closed) {
        return Err(XmlError::Root { found: None });
    }

    Ok(model)
}

fn validate_element(
    codec: &XmlCodec,
    namespace: ResolveResult<'_>,
    element: &str,
) -> Result<(), XmlError> {
    let Some(profile) = codec.profile() else {
        return Ok(());
    };
    let found = match namespace {
        ResolveResult::Unbound => None,
        ResolveResult::Bound(namespace) => Some(namespace.as_ref().to_owned()),
        ResolveResult::Unknown(prefix) => Some(format!("unresolved prefix `{prefix}`")),
    };
    if found.as_deref() != Some(profile.namespace()) {
        return Err(XmlError::Namespace {
            element: element.into(),
            expected: profile.namespace(),
            found,
        });
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn validate_root(
    codec: &XmlCodec,
    element: &BytesStart<'_>,
    name: &str,
    depth: usize,
    root_closed: bool,
    seen_root: &mut bool,
) -> Result<(), XmlError> {
    let Some(profile) = codec.profile() else {
        return Ok(());
    };
    if *seen_root {
        if depth == 0 || root_closed || name == "ifcXML" {
            return Err(XmlError::Root {
                found: Some(name.into()),
            });
        }
        return Ok(());
    }
    if depth != 0 || name != "ifcXML" {
        return Err(XmlError::Root {
            found: Some(name.into()),
        });
    }
    *seen_root = true;
    let found = attr_value(element, "schema");
    if found.as_deref() != Some(profile.schema_token()) {
        return Err(XmlError::Profile {
            expected: profile.schema_token(),
            found,
        });
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// An entity being assembled: its id, type name, and named attributes.
///
/// Named rather than an inline tuple because it threads through four
/// functions; clippy flags the raw form as too complex, and it is right.
struct PendingEntity {
    id: EntityId,
    type_name: String,
    attrs: Vec<(String, Raw)>,
}

/// A child element whose value is still being accumulated.
struct PendingValue {
    name: String,
    path_segment: String,
    kind: String,
    type_name: Option<String>,
    items: Vec<Value>,
}

impl PendingValue {
    fn from_start(e: &BytesStart<'_>, name: String, item_index: usize) -> Self {
        let path_segment = if name == "item" {
            format!("item[{item_index}]")
        } else {
            name.clone()
        };
        Self {
            name,
            path_segment,
            kind: attr_value(e, "kind").unwrap_or_default(),
            type_name: attr_value(e, "type"),
            items: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    fn finish(&self, text: &str) -> Result<Value, XmlError> {
        if let Some(value) = decode_element(&self.kind, text)? {
            return Ok(value);
        }
        let value = if self.kind == "list" {
            Value::List(self.items.clone())
        } else {
            let inner = self.items.first().cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null);
            Value::Typed {
                type_name: self.type_name.clone().unwrap_or_default().into(),
                value: Box::new(inner),
            }
        };
        Ok(value)
    }
}

/// Attach a finished value to its parent: an open list, or the entity.
fn push_value(
    stack: &mut [PendingValue],
    current: &mut Option<PendingEntity>,
    name: String,
    value: Value,
) {
    if let Some(parent) = stack.last_mut() {
        parent.items.push(value);
        return;
    }
    if let Some(entity) = current.as_mut() {
        entity.attrs.push((name, Raw::Value(value)));
    }
}

/// Begin an entity element, reading its scalar attributes.
fn start_entity(e: &BytesStart<'_>, name: &str) -> Result<Option<PendingEntity>, XmlError> {
    let Some(id_text) = attr_value(e, "id") else {
        return Ok(None);
    };
    let id = parse_ref(&id_text).ok_or_else(|| XmlError::BadId(id_text.clone()))?;
    let mut attrs = Vec::new();
    for attr in e.attributes().flatten() {
        let key = attr.key.local_name().as_ref().to_owned();
        if key == "id" {
            continue;
        }
        let value = unescape_attribute(&attr)
            .map(|value| value.into_owned())
            .map_err(|error| XmlError::Malformed(error.to_string()))?;
        attrs.push((key, Raw::Text(value)));
    }
    Ok(Some(PendingEntity {
        id,
        type_name: name.to_string(),
        attrs,
    }))
}

/// Store a completed entity, placing each named value in its slot.
///
/// Strictly read, each value is typed from its slot's declaration; else
/// an attribute's kind is inferred from its text.
fn finish_entity(
    codec: &XmlCodec,
    model: &mut Model,
    entity: PendingEntity,
    strict: &mut Strict<'_>,
) -> Result<(), XmlError> {
    let path = raw_entity_path(&entity.type_name, Some(format_ref(entity.id)));
    #[cfg(feature = "schema")]
    if let Some(layouts) = strict.as_mut() {
        let values = slots::order_strict(layouts, &entity.type_name, &path, entity.attrs)
            .map_err(|error| error.at(path))?;
        model.insert(entity.id, Entity::new(entity.type_name, values));
        return Ok(());
    }
    #[cfg(not(feature = "schema"))]
    let _ = strict;
    let values =
        slots::order(codec, &entity.type_name, entity.attrs).map_err(|error| error.at(path))?;
    model.insert(entity.id, Entity::new(entity.type_name, values));
    Ok(())
}

fn raw_entity_path(type_name: &str, id: Option<String>) -> String {
    match id {
        Some(id) => format!("/ifcXML/{type_name}[@id='{id}']"),
        None => format!("/ifcXML/{type_name}"),
    }
}

fn current_path(
    current: &Option<PendingEntity>,
    stack: &[PendingValue],
    leaf: Option<&str>,
) -> String {
    let mut path = String::from("/ifcXML");
    if let Some(entity) = current {
        path.push('/');
        path.push_str(&entity.type_name);
        path.push_str(&format!("[@id='i{}']", entity.id.0));
    }
    for value in stack {
        path.push('/');
        path.push_str(&value.path_segment);
    }
    if let Some(leaf) = leaf {
        path.push('/');
        path.push_str(leaf);
    }
    path
}

fn local_name(e: &BytesStart<'_>) -> String {
    e.local_name().as_ref().to_owned()
}

/// An attribute value with entity and character references replaced, and
/// nothing else changed.
///
/// Deliberately not `Attribute::normalized_value`: XML attribute-value
/// normalisation would turn literal tabs and line breaks into spaces, and a
/// string attribute's whitespace is data the reader has always preserved.
fn unescape_attribute<'a>(
    attribute: &'a Attribute<'_>,
) -> Result<std::borrow::Cow<'a, str>, quick_xml::escape::EscapeError> {
    unescape(&attribute.value)
}

/// The text a `&name;` or `&#N;` reference in element content stands for:
/// one of the five predefined entities or a character reference. Any other
/// entity is refused, as no DTD is processed.
fn resolve_reference(reference: &BytesRef<'_>) -> Result<String, quick_xml::escape::EscapeError> {
    unescape(&format!("&{};", &**reference)).map(std::borrow::Cow::into_owned)
}

fn has_true_xsi_nil(reader: &NsReader<&[u8]>, element: &BytesStart<'_>) -> bool {
    element.attributes().flatten().any(|attribute| {
        if attribute.key.local_name().as_ref() != "nil" {
            return false;
        }
        let (namespace, _) = reader.resolver().resolve_attribute(attribute.key);
        matches!(
            namespace,
            ResolveResult::Bound(namespace) if namespace.as_ref() == XSI_NAMESPACE
        ) && unescape_attribute(&attribute).is_ok_and(|value| value.as_ref() == "true")
    })
}

fn attr_value(e: &BytesStart<'_>, key: &str) -> Option<String> {
    e.attributes().flatten().find_map(|a| {
        (a.key.local_name().as_ref() == key)
            .then(|| unescape_attribute(&a).map(|v| v.into_owned()).ok())
            .flatten()
    })
}

fn apply_header_field(model: &mut Model, tag: &str, text: &str) {
    let h = model.header_mut();
    match tag {
        "name" => h.name = text.to_string(),
        "time_stamp" => h.time_stamp = text.to_string(),
        "preprocessor_version" => h.preprocessor_version = text.to_string(),
        "originating_system" => h.originating_system = text.to_string(),
        "authorization" => h.authorization = text.to_string(),
        "author" => h.author.push(text.to_string()),
        "organization" => h.organization.push(text.to_string()),
        "description" => h.description.push(text.to_string()),
        _ => {}
    }
}