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/// Exact sign knowledge exposed by structural inspection.
/// Whether structural inspection can prove zero or nonzero status.
/// A known most-significant binary digit for a nonzero value.
///
/// `exact_msd` is true when `msd` is known exactly. When it is false, `msd`
/// is a conservative structural bound.
/// Conservative public facts about a real value.
///
/// Invariants:
///
/// - `zero = Zero` implies `sign = Some(RealSign::Zero)`.
/// - `zero = NonZero` means exact zero has been ruled out.
/// - `magnitude = Some(...)` is reported only for known nonzero values.
/// - `exact_rational` means an owned exact rational value can be obtained from
/// [`crate::Real::exact_rational`].