hyperbee 0.5.0

//! Rust version of [hyperbee](https://github.com/holepunchto/hyperbee)
//! A [B-tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) built on top of [Hypercore](https://docs.pears.com/building-blocks/hypercore).

mod messages {
    include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/_.rs"));
}
mod blocks;
mod changes;
mod del;
mod error;
#[cfg(feature = "ffi")]
pub mod ffi;
mod hb;
mod keys;
pub mod prefixed;
mod put;
mod test;
pub mod traverse;
mod tree;

#[cfg(feature = "clib")]
mod external;

use std::{
    fmt::Debug,
    ops::{Deref, Range},
    sync::Arc,
};

use tokio::sync::RwLock;
use tracing::trace;

use blocks::Blocks;
use messages::yolo_index;

use tree::Tree;

pub use error::HyperbeeError;
pub use hb::Hyperbee;
pub use messages::header::Metadata;

type Shared<T> = Arc<RwLock<T>>;
type SharedNode = Shared<Node>;
type NodePath = Vec<(SharedNode, usize)>;

/// Same value as JS hyperbee https://github.com/holepunchto/hyperbee/blob/e1b398f5afef707b73e62f575f2b166bcef1fa34/index.js#L663
static PROTOCOL: &str = "hyperbee";
/// Same value as JS hyperbee https://github.com/holepunchto/hyperbee/blob/e1b398f5afef707b73e62f575f2b166bcef1fa34/index.js#L16-L18
static MAX_KEYS: usize = 8;

fn min_keys(max_keys: usize) -> usize {
    max_keys >> 1
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
/// Reference used within a [`Node`] of the [Hypercore](hypercore::Hypercore) block where a
/// key-value  pair is stored.
struct KeyValue {
    /// Index of key value pair within the [`hypercore::Hypercore`].
    seq: u64,
}

impl KeyValue {
    fn new(seq: u64) -> Self {
        KeyValue { seq }
    }
}

#[cfg_attr(feature = "ffi", derive(uniffi::Record))]
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
/// Data related to a key value pair within the [`Hyperbee`].
pub struct KeyValueData {
    /// The index of the block within the [`Hypercore`](hypercore::Hypercore) where this data is stored.
    pub seq: u64,
    /// The key. The data by which the [`Hyperbee`] is ordered.
    pub key: Vec<u8>,
    /// The value.
    pub value: Option<Vec<u8>>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
/// Pointer used within a [`Node`] to reference to it's child nodes.
struct Child {
    /// Index of the [`BlockEntry`] within the [`hypercore::Hypercore`] that contains the [`Node`]
    pub seq: u64,
    /// Index of the `Node` within the [`BlockEntry`] referenced by [`Child::seq`]
    pub offset: u64,
}

impl Child {
    fn new(seq: u64, offset: u64) -> Self {
        Child { seq, offset }
    }
}

struct Children {
    blocks: Shared<Blocks>,
    children: RwLock<Vec<Child>>,
}

impl Children {
    fn new(blocks: Shared<Blocks>, children: Vec<Child>) -> Self {
        Self {
            blocks,
            children: RwLock::new(children),
        }
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, new_children))]
    async fn insert(&self, index: usize, new_children: Vec<Child>) {
        if new_children.is_empty() {
            trace!("no children to insert, do nothing");
            return;
        }

        let replace_split_child = match new_children.is_empty() {
            true => 0,
            false => 1,
        };
        trace!(
            "replacing child @ [{}] with [{}] children.",
            index,
            new_children.len()
        );
        self.children
            .write()
            .await
            .splice(index..(index + replace_split_child), new_children);
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
    async fn get_child(&self, index: usize) -> Result<Shared<Node>, HyperbeeError> {
        let (seq, offset) = {
            let child_ref = &self.children.read().await[index].clone();
            (child_ref.seq, child_ref.offset)
        };
        let block = self
            .blocks
            .read()
            .await
            .get(&seq, self.blocks.clone())
            .await?;
        let node = block.read().await.get_tree_node(offset)?;
        Ok(node)
    }

    async fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.children.read().await.len()
    }
}

impl Debug for Children {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self.children.try_read() {
            Ok(children) => {
                let mut dl = f.debug_list();
                for child in children.iter() {
                    dl.entry(&format_args!("({}, {})", child.seq, child.offset));
                }
                dl.finish()
            }
            Err(_) => write!(f, "<locked>"),
        }
    }
}

macro_rules! wchildren {
    ($node:expr) => {
        $node.read().await.children.children.write().await
    };
}
pub(crate) use wchildren;

/// A node of the B-Tree within the [`Hyperbee`]
struct Node {
    keys: Vec<KeyValue>,
    children: Children,
    blocks: Shared<Blocks>,
}

impl Node {
    fn new(keys: Vec<KeyValue>, children: Vec<Child>, blocks: Shared<Blocks>) -> Self {
        Node {
            keys,
            children: Children::new(blocks.clone(), children),
            blocks,
        }
    }

    pub async fn n_children(&self) -> usize {
        self.children.len().await
    }

    async fn is_leaf(&self) -> bool {
        self.n_children().await == 0
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "debug")]
    /// The number of children between this node and a leaf + 1
    pub async fn height(&self) -> Result<usize, HyperbeeError> {
        if self.is_leaf().await {
            Ok(1)
        } else {
            let mut out = 1;
            let mut cur_child = self.get_child(0).await?;
            loop {
                out += 1;
                if cur_child.read().await.n_children().await == 0 {
                    return Ok(out);
                }
                let next_child = cur_child.read().await.get_child(0).await?;
                cur_child = next_child;
            }
        }
    }

    /// Serialize this node
    async fn to_level(&self) -> yolo_index::Level {
        let mut children = vec![];
        for c in self.children.children.read().await.iter() {
            children.push(c.seq);
            children.push(c.offset);
        }
        yolo_index::Level {
            keys: self.keys.iter().map(|k| k.seq).collect(),
            children,
        }
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
    async fn get_key_value(&self, index: usize) -> Result<KeyValueData, HyperbeeError> {
        let KeyValue { seq, .. } = self.keys[index];
        let key = self
            .blocks
            .read()
            .await
            .get(&seq, self.blocks.clone())
            .await?
            .read()
            .await
            .key
            .clone();
        let value = self
            .blocks
            .read()
            .await
            .get(&seq, self.blocks.clone())
            .await?
            .read()
            .await
            .value
            .clone();
        Ok(KeyValueData { seq, key, value })
    }

    /// Get the child at the provided index
    async fn get_child(&self, index: usize) -> Result<Shared<Node>, HyperbeeError> {
        self.children.get_child(index).await
    }

    /// Insert a key and it's children into [`self`].
    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, key_ref, children, range))]
    async fn insert(&mut self, key_ref: KeyValue, children: Vec<Child>, range: Range<usize>) {
        trace!("inserting [{}] children", children.len());
        self.keys.splice(range.clone(), vec![key_ref]);
        self.children.insert(range.start, children).await;
    }
}

/// custom debug because the struct is recursive
impl Debug for Node {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        node_debug(self, f)
    }
}

fn node_debug<T: Deref<Target = Node>>(
    node: T,
    f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>,
) -> std::fmt::Result {
    f.debug_struct("Node")
        .field(
            "keys",
            &format_args!("{:?}", node.keys.iter().map(|k| k.seq).collect::<Vec<_>>()),
        )
        .field("children", &node.children)
        .finish()
}

#[tracing::instrument(skip(node))]
/// Find the `key` in the `node` with a binary search
///
/// # Returns (`matched`, `index`)
///
/// `matched` is Some means we found the `key`.
///
/// if `matched` is None:
///     if `node` is not a leaf:
///         index of the child within the `node` where the `key` could be
///     if `node` is a leaf:
///         the index within this `node`'s keys where the `key` wolud be inserted
/// if `matched` is Some:
///     the index within this `node`'s keys of the `key`
async fn get_index_of_key<T>(
    node: SharedNode,
    key: &T,
) -> Result<(Option<u64>, usize), HyperbeeError>
where
    T: PartialOrd<[u8]> + Debug + ?Sized,
{
    let child_index: usize = 'found: {
        // Binary search current node for matching key, or index of next child
        let n_keys = node.read().await.keys.len();
        if n_keys == 0 {
            break 'found n_keys;
        }
        let mut low = 0;
        let mut high = n_keys - 1;

        while low <= high {
            let mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
            let KeyValueData {
                seq,
                key: other_key,
                ..
            } = node.read().await.get_key_value(mid).await?;

            // if matching key, we are done!
            if key == &other_key[..] {
                trace!(
                    "key {:?} == other_key {:?} at index {}",
                    key,
                    other_key,
                    mid
                );
                return Ok((Some(seq), mid));
            }

            if key < &other_key[..] {
                if mid == 0 {
                    break;
                }
                // look lower
                high = mid - 1;
            } else {
                // look higher
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        break 'found low;
    };
    Ok((None, child_index))
}

/// Descend through tree to the node nearest (or matching) the provided key
/// Return value describes the path to the key. It looks like:
/// `(matched, path: Vec<(node, index)>)`
///
/// Here `matched` is a bool that indicates if the key was matched.
/// The `path` is a `Vec` that describes the path to the key. Each item is a tuple `(node, inde)`.
/// `path[0]` is the root of tree, and the last element would be final node,
/// which is always a leaf if `matched == false`.
/// In the `path` the `node` is a referenece to the node we passed through.
/// The `index` is the child index to the next node in the path.
/// In a leaf node, the `index` could be thought of as the gap between the node's keys where the provided
/// `key` would be ineserted. Or for `matched = true` the index of the matched key in the nodes's
/// keys.
#[tracing::instrument(skip(node))]
async fn nearest_node<T>(
    node: SharedNode,
    key: &T,
) -> Result<(Option<u64>, NodePath), HyperbeeError>
where
    T: PartialOrd<[u8]> + Debug + ?Sized,
{
    let mut current_node = node;
    let mut out_path: NodePath = vec![];
    loop {
        let next_node = {
            let (matched, child_index) = get_index_of_key(current_node.clone(), key).await?;
            out_path.push((current_node.clone(), child_index));

            // found match or reached leaf
            if matched.is_some() || current_node.read().await.is_leaf().await {
                return Ok((matched, out_path));
            }

            // continue to next node
            current_node.read().await.get_child(child_index).await?
        };
        current_node = next_node;
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "ffi")]
mod uniffi_scaffolding {
    uniffi::setup_scaffolding!();
}
#[cfg(feature = "ffi")]
pub use uniffi_scaffolding::*;