hugr-core 0.27.1

//! Implementation of the `Replace` operation.

use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};

use itertools::Itertools;
use thiserror::Error;

use crate::core::HugrNode;
use crate::hugr::HugrMut;
use crate::hugr::hugrmut::InsertionResult;
use crate::hugr::views::check_valid_non_entrypoint;
use crate::ops::{OpTag, OpTrait};
use crate::types::EdgeKind;
use crate::{Direction, Hugr, HugrView, IncomingPort, Node, OutgoingPort};

use super::{PatchHugrMut, PatchVerification};

/// Specifies how to create a new edge.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct NewEdgeSpec<SrcNode, TgtNode> {
    /// The source of the new edge. For [`Replacement::mu_inp`] and
    /// [`Replacement::mu_new`], this is in the existing Hugr; for edges in
    /// [`Replacement::mu_out`] this is in the [`Replacement::replacement`]
    pub src: SrcNode,
    /// The target of the new edge. For [`Replacement::mu_inp`], this is in the
    /// [`Replacement::replacement`]; for edges in [`Replacement::mu_out`] and
    /// [`Replacement::mu_new`], this is in the existing Hugr.
    pub tgt: TgtNode,
    /// The kind of edge to create, and any port specifiers required
    pub kind: NewEdgeKind,
}

/// Describes an edge that should be created between two nodes already given
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum NewEdgeKind {
    /// An [`EdgeKind::StateOrder`] edge (between DFG nodes only)
    Order,
    /// An [`EdgeKind::Value`] edge (between DFG nodes only)
    Value {
        /// The source port
        src_pos: OutgoingPort,
        /// The target port
        tgt_pos: IncomingPort,
    },
    /// An [`EdgeKind::Const`] or [`EdgeKind::Function`] edge
    Static {
        /// The source port
        src_pos: OutgoingPort,
        /// The target port
        tgt_pos: IncomingPort,
    },
    /// A [`EdgeKind::ControlFlow`] edge (between CFG nodes only)
    ControlFlow {
        /// Identifies a control-flow output (successor) of the source node.
        src_pos: OutgoingPort,
    },
}

/// Specification of a `Replace` operation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct Replacement<HostNode = Node> {
    /// The nodes to remove from the existing Hugr (known as Gamma).
    /// These must all have a common parent (i.e. be siblings).  Called "S" in
    /// the spec. Must be non-empty - otherwise there is no parent under
    /// which to place [`Self::replacement`], and there would be no possible
    /// [`Self::mu_inp`], [`Self::mu_out`] or [`Self::adoptions`].
    pub removal: Vec<HostNode>,
    /// A hugr (not necessarily valid, as it may be missing edges and/or nodes),
    /// whose root is the same type as the root of [`Self::replacement`].  "G"
    /// in the spec.
    pub replacement: Hugr,
    /// Describes how parts of the Hugr that would otherwise be removed should
    /// instead be preserved but with new parents amongst the newly-inserted
    /// nodes.  This is a Map from container nodes in [`Self::replacement`]
    /// that have no children, to container nodes that are descended from
    /// [`Self::removal`]. The keys are the new parents for the children of
    /// the values.  Note no value may be ancestor or descendant of another.
    /// This is "B" in the spec; "R" is the set of descendants of
    /// [`Self::removal`]  that are not descendants of values here.
    pub adoptions: HashMap<Node, HostNode>,
    /// Edges from nodes in the existing Hugr that are not removed
    /// ([`NewEdgeSpec::src`] in Gamma\R) to inserted nodes
    /// ([`NewEdgeSpec::tgt`] in [`Self::replacement`]).
    pub mu_inp: Vec<NewEdgeSpec<HostNode, Node>>,
    /// Edges from inserted nodes ([`NewEdgeSpec::src`] in [`Self::replacement`]) to
    /// existing nodes not removed ([`NewEdgeSpec::tgt`] in Gamma \ R).
    pub mu_out: Vec<NewEdgeSpec<Node, HostNode>>,
    /// Edges to add between existing nodes (both [`NewEdgeSpec::src`] and
    /// [`NewEdgeSpec::tgt`] in Gamma \ R). For example, in cases where the
    /// source had an edge to a removed node, and the target had an
    /// edge from a removed node, this would allow source to be directly
    /// connected to target.
    pub mu_new: Vec<NewEdgeSpec<HostNode, HostNode>>,
}

impl<SrcNode: Copy, TgtNode: Copy> NewEdgeSpec<SrcNode, TgtNode> {
    fn check_src<HostNode>(
        &self,
        h: &impl HugrView<Node = SrcNode>,
        err_spec: impl Fn(Self) -> WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode>,
    ) -> Result<(), ReplaceError<HostNode>> {
        let optype = h.get_optype(self.src);
        let ok = match self.kind {
            NewEdgeKind::Order => optype.other_output() == Some(EdgeKind::StateOrder),
            NewEdgeKind::Value { src_pos, .. } => {
                matches!(optype.port_kind(src_pos), Some(EdgeKind::Value(_)))
            }
            NewEdgeKind::Static { src_pos, .. } => optype
                .port_kind(src_pos)
                .as_ref()
                .is_some_and(EdgeKind::is_static),
            NewEdgeKind::ControlFlow { src_pos } => {
                matches!(optype.port_kind(src_pos), Some(EdgeKind::ControlFlow))
            }
        };
        ok.then_some(())
            .ok_or_else(|| ReplaceError::BadEdgeKind(Direction::Outgoing, err_spec(self.clone())))
    }

    fn check_tgt<HostNode>(
        &self,
        h: &impl HugrView<Node = TgtNode>,
        err_spec: impl Fn(Self) -> WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode>,
    ) -> Result<(), ReplaceError<HostNode>> {
        let optype = h.get_optype(self.tgt);
        let ok = match self.kind {
            NewEdgeKind::Order => optype.other_input() == Some(EdgeKind::StateOrder),
            NewEdgeKind::Value { tgt_pos, .. } => {
                matches!(optype.port_kind(tgt_pos), Some(EdgeKind::Value(_)))
            }
            NewEdgeKind::Static { tgt_pos, .. } => optype
                .port_kind(tgt_pos)
                .as_ref()
                .is_some_and(EdgeKind::is_static),
            NewEdgeKind::ControlFlow { .. } => matches!(
                optype.port_kind(IncomingPort::from(0)),
                Some(EdgeKind::ControlFlow)
            ),
        };
        ok.then_some(())
            .ok_or_else(|| ReplaceError::BadEdgeKind(Direction::Incoming, err_spec(self.clone())))
    }
}

impl<HostNode: HugrNode, N: Clone> NewEdgeSpec<N, HostNode> {
    fn check_existing_edge(
        &self,
        h: &impl HugrView<Node = HostNode>,
        legal_src_ancestors: &HashSet<HostNode>,
        err_edge: impl Fn(Self) -> WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode>,
    ) -> Result<(), ReplaceError<HostNode>> {
        if let NewEdgeKind::Static { tgt_pos, .. } | NewEdgeKind::Value { tgt_pos, .. } = self.kind
        {
            let descends_from_legal = |mut descendant: HostNode| -> bool {
                while !legal_src_ancestors.contains(&descendant) {
                    let Some(p) = h.get_parent(descendant) else {
                        return false;
                    };
                    descendant = p;
                }
                true
            };
            let found_incoming = h
                .single_linked_output(self.tgt, tgt_pos)
                .is_some_and(|(src_n, _)| descends_from_legal(src_n));
            if !found_incoming {
                return Err(ReplaceError::NoRemovedEdge(err_edge(self.clone())));
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl<HostNode: HugrNode> Replacement<HostNode> {
    fn check_parent(
        &self,
        h: &impl HugrView<Node = HostNode>,
    ) -> Result<HostNode, ReplaceError<HostNode>> {
        let parent = self
            .removal
            .iter()
            .map(|n| h.get_parent(*n))
            .unique()
            .exactly_one()
            .map_err(|ex_one| ReplaceError::MultipleParents(ex_one.flatten().collect()))?
            .ok_or(ReplaceError::CantReplaceRoot)?; // If no parent

        // Check replacement parent is of same tag. Note we do not require exact
        // equality of OpType/Signature, e.g. to ease changing of Input/Output
        // node signatures too.
        let removed = h.get_optype(parent).tag();
        let replacement = self.replacement.entrypoint_optype().tag();
        if removed != replacement {
            return Err(ReplaceError::WrongRootNodeTag {
                removed,
                replacement,
            });
        }
        Ok(parent)
    }

    fn get_removed_nodes(
        &self,
        h: &impl HugrView<Node = HostNode>,
    ) -> Result<HashSet<HostNode>, ReplaceError<HostNode>> {
        // Check the keys of the transfer map too, the values we'll use imminently
        self.adoptions.keys().try_for_each(|&n| {
            (self.replacement.contains_node(n)
                && self.replacement.get_optype(n).is_container()
                && self.replacement.children(n).next().is_none())
            .then_some(())
            .ok_or(ReplaceError::InvalidAdoptingParent(n))
        })?;
        let mut transferred: HashSet<HostNode> = self.adoptions.values().copied().collect();
        if transferred.len() != self.adoptions.values().len() {
            return Err(ReplaceError::AdopteesNotSeparateDescendants(
                self.adoptions
                    .values()
                    .filter(|v| !transferred.remove(v))
                    .copied()
                    .collect(),
            ));
        }

        let mut removed = HashSet::new();
        let mut queue = VecDeque::from_iter(self.removal.iter().copied());
        while let Some(n) = queue.pop_front() {
            let new = removed.insert(n);
            debug_assert!(new); // Fails only if h's hierarchy has merges (is not a tree)
            if !transferred.remove(&n) {
                h.children(n).for_each(|ch| queue.push_back(ch));
            }
        }
        if !transferred.is_empty() {
            return Err(ReplaceError::AdopteesNotSeparateDescendants(
                transferred.into_iter().collect(),
            ));
        }
        Ok(removed)
    }
}

impl<HostNode: HugrNode> PatchVerification for Replacement<HostNode> {
    type Error = ReplaceError<HostNode>;
    type Node = HostNode;

    fn verify(&self, h: &impl HugrView<Node = HostNode>) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
        self.check_parent(h)?;
        let removed = self.get_removed_nodes(h)?;
        // Edge sources...
        for e in &self.mu_inp {
            if !h.contains_node(e.src) || removed.contains(&e.src) {
                return Err(ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                    Direction::Outgoing,
                    WhichEdgeSpec::HostToRepl(e.clone()),
                ));
            }
            e.check_src(h, WhichEdgeSpec::HostToRepl)?;
        }
        for e in &self.mu_new {
            if !h.contains_node(e.src) || removed.contains(&e.src) {
                return Err(ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                    Direction::Outgoing,
                    WhichEdgeSpec::HostToHost(e.clone()),
                ));
            }
            e.check_src(h, WhichEdgeSpec::HostToHost)?;
        }
        self.mu_out.iter().try_for_each(|e| {
            if check_valid_non_entrypoint(&self.replacement, e.src) {
                e.check_src(&self.replacement, WhichEdgeSpec::ReplToHost)
            } else {
                Err(ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                    Direction::Outgoing,
                    WhichEdgeSpec::ReplToHost(e.clone()),
                ))
            }
        })?;
        // Edge targets...
        self.mu_inp.iter().try_for_each(|e| {
            if check_valid_non_entrypoint(&self.replacement, e.tgt) {
                e.check_tgt(&self.replacement, WhichEdgeSpec::HostToRepl)
            } else {
                Err(ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                    Direction::Incoming,
                    WhichEdgeSpec::HostToRepl(e.clone()),
                ))
            }
        })?;
        for e in &self.mu_out {
            if !h.contains_node(e.tgt) || removed.contains(&e.tgt) {
                return Err(ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                    Direction::Incoming,
                    WhichEdgeSpec::ReplToHost(e.clone()),
                ));
            }
            e.check_tgt(h, WhichEdgeSpec::ReplToHost)?;
            // The descendant check is to allow the case where the old edge is nonlocal
            // from a part of the Hugr being moved (which may require changing source,
            // depending on where the transplanted portion ends up). While this subsumes
            // the first "removed.contains" check, we'll keep that as a common-case
            // fast-path.
            e.check_existing_edge(h, &removed, WhichEdgeSpec::ReplToHost)?;
        }
        for e in &self.mu_new {
            if !h.contains_node(e.tgt) || removed.contains(&e.tgt) {
                return Err(ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                    Direction::Incoming,
                    WhichEdgeSpec::HostToHost(e.clone()),
                ));
            }
            e.check_tgt(h, WhichEdgeSpec::HostToHost)?;
            // The descendant check is to allow the case where the old edge is nonlocal
            // from a part of the Hugr being moved (which may require changing source,
            // depending on where the transplanted portion ends up). While this subsumes
            // the first "removed.contains" check, we'll keep that as a common-case
            // fast-path.
            e.check_existing_edge(h, &removed, WhichEdgeSpec::HostToHost)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn invalidated_nodes(
        &self,
        _: &impl HugrView<Node = Self::Node>,
    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Self::Node> {
        self.removal.iter().copied()
    }
}

impl<HostNode: HugrNode> PatchHugrMut for Replacement<HostNode> {
    /// Map from Node in replacement to corresponding Node in the result Hugr
    type Outcome = HashMap<Node, HostNode>;

    const UNCHANGED_ON_FAILURE: bool = false;

    fn apply_hugr_mut(
        self,
        h: &mut impl HugrMut<Node = HostNode>,
    ) -> Result<Self::Outcome, Self::Error> {
        let parent = self.check_parent(h)?;
        // Calculate removed nodes here. (Does not include transfers, so enumerates only
        // nodes we are going to remove, individually, anyway; so no *asymptotic* speed
        // penalty)
        let to_remove = self.get_removed_nodes(h)?;

        // 1. Add all the new nodes. Note this includes replacement.root(), which we
        //    don't want.
        // TODO what would an error here mean? e.g. malformed self.replacement??
        let InsertionResult {
            inserted_entrypoint,
            node_map,
        } = h.insert_hugr(parent, self.replacement);

        // 2. Add new edges from existing to copied nodes according to mu_in
        let translate_idx = |n| node_map.get(&n).copied();
        let kept = |n| (!to_remove.contains(&n)).then_some(n);
        transfer_edges(
            h,
            self.mu_inp.iter(),
            kept,
            translate_idx,
            WhichEdgeSpec::HostToRepl,
            None,
        )?;

        // 3. Add new edges from copied to existing nodes according to mu_out,
        // replacing existing value/static edges incoming to targets
        transfer_edges(
            h,
            self.mu_out.iter(),
            translate_idx,
            kept,
            WhichEdgeSpec::ReplToHost,
            Some(&to_remove),
        )?;

        // 4. Add new edges between existing nodes according to mu_new,
        // replacing existing value/static edges incoming to targets.
        transfer_edges(
            h,
            self.mu_new.iter(),
            kept,
            kept,
            WhichEdgeSpec::HostToHost,
            Some(&to_remove),
        )?;

        // 5. Put newly-added copies into correct places in hierarchy
        // (these will be correct places after removing nodes)
        let mut remove_top_sibs = self.removal.iter();
        for new_node in h.children(inserted_entrypoint).collect::<Vec<HostNode>>() {
            if let Some(top_sib) = remove_top_sibs.next() {
                h.move_before_sibling(new_node, *top_sib);
            } else {
                h.set_parent(new_node, parent);
            }
        }
        debug_assert!(h.children(inserted_entrypoint).next().is_none());
        h.remove_node(inserted_entrypoint);

        // 6. Transfer to keys of `transfers` children of the corresponding values.
        for (new_parent, &old_parent) in &self.adoptions {
            let new_parent = node_map.get(new_parent).unwrap();
            debug_assert!(h.children(old_parent).next().is_some());
            while let Some(ch) = h.first_child(old_parent) {
                h.set_parent(ch, *new_parent);
            }
        }

        // 7. Remove remaining nodes
        for n in to_remove {
            h.remove_node(n);
        }
        Ok(node_map)
    }
}

fn transfer_edges<'a, SrcNode, TgtNode, HostNode>(
    h: &mut impl HugrMut<Node = HostNode>,
    edges: impl Iterator<Item = &'a NewEdgeSpec<SrcNode, TgtNode>>,
    trans_src: impl Fn(SrcNode) -> Option<HostNode>,
    trans_tgt: impl Fn(TgtNode) -> Option<HostNode>,
    err_spec: impl Fn(NewEdgeSpec<SrcNode, TgtNode>) -> WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode>,
    legal_src_ancestors: Option<&HashSet<HostNode>>,
) -> Result<(), ReplaceError<HostNode>>
where
    SrcNode: 'a + HugrNode,
    TgtNode: 'a + HugrNode,
    HostNode: 'a + HugrNode,
{
    for oe in edges {
        let err_spec = err_spec(oe.clone());
        let e = NewEdgeSpec {
            // Translation can only fail for Nodes that are supposed to be in the replacement
            src: trans_src(oe.src)
                .ok_or_else(|| ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(Direction::Outgoing, err_spec.clone()))?,
            tgt: trans_tgt(oe.tgt)
                .ok_or_else(|| ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(Direction::Incoming, err_spec.clone()))?,
            kind: oe.kind,
        };
        if !h.contains_node(e.src) {
            return Err(ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                Direction::Outgoing,
                err_spec.clone(),
            ));
        }
        if !h.contains_node(e.tgt) {
            return Err(ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                Direction::Incoming,
                err_spec.clone(),
            ));
        }
        let err_spec = |_| err_spec.clone();
        e.check_src(h, err_spec)?;
        e.check_tgt(h, err_spec)?;
        match e.kind {
            NewEdgeKind::Order => {
                h.add_other_edge(e.src, e.tgt);
            }
            NewEdgeKind::Value { src_pos, tgt_pos } | NewEdgeKind::Static { src_pos, tgt_pos } => {
                if let Some(legal_src_ancestors) = legal_src_ancestors {
                    e.check_existing_edge(h, legal_src_ancestors, err_spec)?;
                    h.disconnect(e.tgt, tgt_pos);
                }
                h.connect(e.src, src_pos, e.tgt, tgt_pos);
            }
            NewEdgeKind::ControlFlow { src_pos } => h.connect(e.src, src_pos, e.tgt, 0),
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Error in a [`Replacement`]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Error)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum ReplaceError<HostNode = Node> {
    /// The node(s) to replace had no parent i.e. were root(s).
    // (Perhaps if there is only one node to replace we should be able to?)
    #[error("Cannot replace the root node of the Hugr")]
    CantReplaceRoot,
    /// The nodes to replace did not have a unique common parent
    #[error("Removed nodes had different parents {0:?}")]
    MultipleParents(Vec<HostNode>),
    /// Replacement root node had different tag from parent of removed nodes
    #[error("Expected replacement root with tag {removed} but found {replacement}")]
    WrongRootNodeTag {
        /// The tag of the parent of the removed nodes
        removed: OpTag,
        /// The tag of the root in the replacement Hugr
        replacement: OpTag,
    },
    /// Keys in [`Replacement::adoptions`] were not valid container nodes in
    /// [`Replacement::replacement`]
    #[error("Node {0} was not an empty container node in the replacement")]
    InvalidAdoptingParent(Node),
    /// Some values in [`Replacement::adoptions`] were either descendants of other
    /// values, or not descendants of the [`Replacement::removal`]. The nodes
    /// are indicated on a best-effort basis.
    #[error("Nodes not free to be moved into new locations: {0:?}")]
    AdopteesNotSeparateDescendants(Vec<HostNode>),
    /// A node at one end of a [`NewEdgeSpec`] was not found
    #[error("{0:?} end of edge {1:?} not found in {which_hugr}", which_hugr = .1.which_hugr(*.0))]
    BadEdgeSpec(Direction, WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode>),
    /// The target of the edge was found, but there was no existing edge to
    /// replace
    #[error("Target of edge {0:?} did not have a corresponding incoming edge being removed")]
    NoRemovedEdge(WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode>),
    /// The [`NewEdgeKind`] was not applicable for the source/target node(s)
    #[error("The edge kind was not applicable to the {0:?} node: {1:?}")]
    BadEdgeKind(Direction, WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode>),
}

/// The three kinds of [`NewEdgeSpec`] that may appear in a [`ReplaceError`]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode> {
    /// An edge from the host Hugr into the replacement, i.e.
    /// [`Replacement::mu_inp`]
    HostToRepl(NewEdgeSpec<HostNode, Node>),
    /// An edge from the replacement to the host, i.e. [`Replacement::mu_out`]
    ReplToHost(NewEdgeSpec<Node, HostNode>),
    /// An edge between two nodes in the host (bypassing the replacement),
    /// i.e. [`Replacement::mu_new`]
    HostToHost(NewEdgeSpec<HostNode, HostNode>),
}

impl<HostNode> WhichEdgeSpec<HostNode> {
    fn which_hugr(&self, d: Direction) -> &str {
        match (self, d) {
            (Self::HostToRepl(_), Direction::Incoming)
            | (Self::ReplToHost(_), Direction::Outgoing) => "replacement Hugr",
            _ => "retained portion of Hugr",
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use std::collections::HashMap;

    use cool_asserts::assert_matches;
    use itertools::Itertools;

    use crate::builder::{
        BuildError, CFGBuilder, Container, DFGBuilder, Dataflow, DataflowHugr,
        DataflowSubContainer, HugrBuilder, SubContainer, endo_sig,
    };
    use crate::extension::prelude::{bool_t, usize_t};
    use crate::extension::{ExtensionRegistry, PRELUDE};
    use crate::hugr::internal::HugrMutInternals;
    use crate::hugr::patch::PatchVerification;
    use crate::hugr::{HugrMut, Patch};
    use crate::ops::custom::ExtensionOp;
    use crate::ops::dataflow::DataflowOpTrait;
    use crate::ops::handle::{BasicBlockID, ConstID, NodeHandle};
    use crate::ops::{self, Case, DFG, DataflowBlock, OpTag, OpType};
    use crate::std_extensions::collections::list;
    use crate::types::{Signature, Type, TypeRow};
    use crate::utils::{depth, test_quantum_extension};
    use crate::{Direction, Extension, Hugr, HugrView, OutgoingPort, type_row};

    use super::{NewEdgeKind, NewEdgeSpec, ReplaceError, Replacement, WhichEdgeSpec};

    #[test]
    #[ignore] // FIXME: This needs a rewrite now that `pop` returns an optional value -.-'
    fn cfg() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let reg = ExtensionRegistry::new([PRELUDE.to_owned(), list::EXTENSION.to_owned()]);
        reg.validate()?;
        let listy = list::list_type(usize_t());
        let pop: ExtensionOp = list::ListOp::pop
            .with_type(usize_t())
            .to_extension_op()
            .unwrap();
        let push: ExtensionOp = list::ListOp::push
            .with_type(usize_t())
            .to_extension_op()
            .unwrap();
        let just_list = TypeRow::from(vec![listy.clone()]);
        let intermed = TypeRow::from(vec![listy.clone(), usize_t()]);

        let mut cfg = CFGBuilder::new(endo_sig(just_list.clone()))?;

        let pred_const = cfg.add_constant(ops::Value::unary_unit_sum());

        let entry = single_node_block(&mut cfg, pop, &pred_const, true)?;
        let bb2 = single_node_block(&mut cfg, push, &pred_const, false)?;

        let exit = cfg.exit_block();
        cfg.branch(&entry, 0, &bb2)?;
        cfg.branch(&bb2, 0, &exit)?;

        let mut h = cfg.finish_hugr().unwrap();
        {
            let pop = find_node(&h, "pop");
            let push = find_node(&h, "push");
            assert_eq!(depth(&h, pop), 2); // BB, CFG
            assert_eq!(depth(&h, push), 2);

            let popp = h.get_parent(pop).unwrap();
            let pushp = h.get_parent(push).unwrap();
            assert_ne!(popp, pushp); // Two different BBs
            assert!(h.get_optype(popp).is_dataflow_block());
            assert!(h.get_optype(pushp).is_dataflow_block());

            assert_eq!(h.get_parent(popp).unwrap(), h.get_parent(pushp).unwrap());
        }

        // Replacement: one BB with two DFGs inside.
        // Use Hugr rather than Builder because it must be empty (not even
        // Input/Output).
        let mut replacement = Hugr::new_with_entrypoint(ops::CFG {
            signature: Signature::new_endo(just_list.clone()),
        })
        .expect("CFG is a valid entrypoint");
        let r_bb = replacement.add_node_with_parent(
            replacement.entrypoint(),
            DataflowBlock {
                inputs: vec![listy.clone()].into(),
                sum_rows: vec![type_row![]],
                other_outputs: vec![listy.clone()].into(),
            },
        );
        let r_df1 = replacement.add_node_with_parent(
            r_bb,
            DFG {
                signature: Signature::new(vec![listy.clone()], simple_unary_plus(intermed.clone())),
            },
        );
        let r_df2 = replacement.add_node_with_parent(
            r_bb,
            DFG {
                signature: Signature::new(intermed, simple_unary_plus(just_list.clone())),
            },
        );
        [0, 1]
            .iter()
            .for_each(|p| replacement.connect(r_df1, *p + 1, r_df2, *p));

        {
            let inp = replacement.add_node_before(
                r_df1,
                ops::Input {
                    types: just_list.clone(),
                },
            );
            let out = replacement.add_node_before(
                r_df1,
                ops::Output {
                    types: simple_unary_plus(just_list),
                },
            );
            replacement.connect(inp, 0, r_df1, 0);
            replacement.connect(r_df2, 0, out, 0);
            replacement.connect(r_df2, 1, out, 1);
        }

        h.apply_patch(Replacement {
            removal: vec![entry.node(), bb2.node()],
            replacement,
            adoptions: HashMap::from([(r_df1.node(), entry.node()), (r_df2.node(), bb2.node())]),
            mu_inp: vec![],
            mu_out: vec![NewEdgeSpec {
                src: r_bb,
                tgt: exit.node(),
                kind: NewEdgeKind::ControlFlow {
                    src_pos: OutgoingPort::from(0),
                },
            }],
            mu_new: vec![],
        })?;
        h.validate()?;
        {
            let pop = find_node(&h, "pop");
            let push = find_node(&h, "push");
            assert_eq!(depth(&h, pop), 3); // DFG, BB, CFG
            assert_eq!(depth(&h, push), 3);

            let popp = h.get_parent(pop).unwrap();
            let pushp = h.get_parent(push).unwrap();
            assert_ne!(popp, pushp); // Two different DFGs
            assert!(h.get_optype(popp).is_dfg());
            assert!(h.get_optype(pushp).is_dfg());

            let grandp = h.get_parent(popp).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(grandp, h.get_parent(pushp).unwrap());
            assert!(h.get_optype(grandp).is_dataflow_block());
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn find_node(h: &Hugr, s: &str) -> crate::Node {
        h.entry_descendants()
            .filter(|n| format!("{}", h.get_optype(*n)).contains(s))
            .exactly_one()
            .ok()
            .unwrap()
    }

    fn single_node_block<T: AsRef<Hugr> + AsMut<Hugr>, O: DataflowOpTrait + Into<OpType>>(
        h: &mut CFGBuilder<T>,
        op: O,
        pred_const: &ConstID,
        entry: bool,
    ) -> Result<BasicBlockID, BuildError> {
        let op_sig = op.signature();
        let mut bb = if entry {
            assert_eq!(
                if let OpType::CFG(c) = h.hugr().get_optype(h.container_node()) {
                    &c.signature.input
                } else {
                    panic!()
                },
                op_sig.input()
            );
            h.simple_entry_builder(op_sig.output.clone(), 1)?
        } else {
            h.simple_block_builder(op_sig.into_owned(), 1)?
        };
        let op: OpType = op.into();
        let op = bb.add_dataflow_op(op, bb.input_wires())?;
        let load_pred = bb.load_const(pred_const);
        bb.finish_with_outputs(load_pred, op.outputs())
    }

    fn simple_unary_plus(t: TypeRow) -> TypeRow {
        let mut v = t.into_owned();
        v.insert(0, Type::new_unit_sum(1));
        v.into()
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_invalid() {
        let utou = Signature::new_endo([usize_t()]);
        let ext = Extension::new_test_arc("new_ext".try_into().unwrap(), |ext, extension_ref| {
            ext.add_op("foo".into(), String::new(), utou.clone(), extension_ref)
                .unwrap();
            ext.add_op("bar".into(), String::new(), utou.clone(), extension_ref)
                .unwrap();
            ext.add_op("baz".into(), String::new(), utou.clone(), extension_ref)
                .unwrap();
        });
        let foo = ext.instantiate_extension_op("foo", []).unwrap();
        let bar = ext.instantiate_extension_op("bar", []).unwrap();
        let baz = ext.instantiate_extension_op("baz", []).unwrap();
        let mut registry = test_quantum_extension::REG.clone();
        registry.register(ext).unwrap();

        let mut h =
            DFGBuilder::new(Signature::new(vec![usize_t(), bool_t()], vec![usize_t()])).unwrap();
        let [i, b] = h.input_wires_arr();
        let mut cond = h
            .conditional_builder(
                (vec![type_row![]; 2], b),
                [(usize_t(), i)],
                vec![usize_t()].into(),
            )
            .unwrap();
        let mut case1 = cond.case_builder(0).unwrap();
        let foo = case1.add_dataflow_op(foo, case1.input_wires()).unwrap();
        let case1 = case1.finish_with_outputs(foo.outputs()).unwrap().node();
        let mut case2 = cond.case_builder(1).unwrap();
        let bar = case2.add_dataflow_op(bar, case2.input_wires()).unwrap();
        let mut baz_dfg = case2.dfg_builder(utou.clone(), bar.outputs()).unwrap();
        let baz = baz_dfg.add_dataflow_op(baz, baz_dfg.input_wires()).unwrap();
        let baz_dfg = baz_dfg.finish_with_outputs(baz.outputs()).unwrap();
        let case2 = case2.finish_with_outputs(baz_dfg.outputs()).unwrap().node();
        let cond = cond.finish_sub_container().unwrap();
        let h = h.finish_hugr_with_outputs(cond.outputs()).unwrap();

        let mut r_hugr = Hugr::new_with_entrypoint(h.get_optype(cond.node()).clone()).unwrap();
        let r1 = r_hugr.add_node_with_parent(
            r_hugr.entrypoint(),
            Case {
                signature: utou.clone(),
            },
        );
        let r2 = r_hugr.add_node_with_parent(
            r_hugr.entrypoint(),
            Case {
                signature: utou.clone(),
            },
        );
        let rep: Replacement = Replacement {
            removal: vec![case1, case2],
            replacement: r_hugr,
            adoptions: HashMap::from_iter([(r1, case1), (r2, baz_dfg.node())]),
            mu_inp: vec![],
            mu_out: vec![],
            mu_new: vec![],
        };
        assert_eq!(h.get_parent(baz.node()), Some(baz_dfg.node()));
        rep.verify(&h).unwrap();
        {
            let mut target = h.clone();
            let node_map = rep.clone().apply(&mut target).unwrap();
            let new_case2 = *node_map.get(&r2).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(target.get_parent(baz.node()), Some(new_case2));
        }

        // Test some bad Replacements (using variations of the `replacement` Hugr).
        let check_same_errors = |r: Replacement| {
            let verify_res = r.verify(&h).unwrap_err();
            let apply_res = r.apply(&mut h.clone()).unwrap_err();
            assert_eq!(verify_res, apply_res);
            apply_res
        };
        // Root node type needs to be that of common parent of the removed nodes:
        let mut rep2 = rep.clone();
        rep2.replacement
            .replace_op(rep2.replacement.entrypoint(), h.entrypoint_optype().clone());
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(rep2),
            ReplaceError::WrongRootNodeTag {
                removed: OpTag::Conditional,
                replacement: OpTag::Dfg
            }
        );
        // Removed nodes...
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                removal: vec![h.module_root()],
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::CantReplaceRoot
        );
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                removal: vec![case1, baz_dfg.node()],
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::MultipleParents(vec![cond.node(), case2])
        );
        // Adoptions...
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                adoptions: HashMap::from([(r1, case1), (rep.replacement.entrypoint(), case2)]),
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::InvalidAdoptingParent(rep.replacement.entrypoint())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                adoptions: HashMap::from_iter([(r1, case1), (r2, case1)]),
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::AdopteesNotSeparateDescendants(vec![case1])
        );
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                adoptions: HashMap::from_iter([(r1, case2), (r2, baz_dfg.node())]),
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::AdopteesNotSeparateDescendants(vec![baz_dfg.node()])
        );
        // Edges....
        let edge_from_removed = NewEdgeSpec {
            src: case1,
            tgt: r2,
            kind: NewEdgeKind::Order,
        };
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                mu_inp: vec![edge_from_removed.clone()],
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(
                Direction::Outgoing,
                WhichEdgeSpec::HostToRepl(edge_from_removed)
            )
        );
        let bad_out_edge = NewEdgeSpec {
            src: h.nodes().max().unwrap(), // not valid in replacement
            tgt: cond.node(),
            kind: NewEdgeKind::Order,
        };
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                mu_out: vec![bad_out_edge.clone()],
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::BadEdgeSpec(Direction::Outgoing, WhichEdgeSpec::ReplToHost(bad_out_edge),)
        );
        let bad_order_edge = NewEdgeSpec {
            src: cond.node(),
            tgt: h.get_io(h.entrypoint()).unwrap()[1],
            kind: NewEdgeKind::ControlFlow { src_pos: 0.into() },
        };
        assert_matches!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                mu_new: vec![bad_order_edge.clone()],
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::BadEdgeKind(_, e) => assert_eq!(e, WhichEdgeSpec::HostToHost(bad_order_edge))
        );
        let op = OutgoingPort::from(0);
        let (tgt, ip) = h.linked_inputs(cond.node(), op).next().unwrap();
        let new_out_edge = NewEdgeSpec {
            src: r1.node(),
            tgt,
            kind: NewEdgeKind::Value {
                src_pos: op,
                tgt_pos: ip,
            },
        };
        assert_eq!(
            check_same_errors(Replacement {
                mu_out: vec![new_out_edge.clone()],
                ..rep.clone()
            }),
            ReplaceError::BadEdgeKind(Direction::Outgoing, WhichEdgeSpec::ReplToHost(new_out_edge))
        );
    }
}